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Microwave Engineering Lecture 1: Parallel Plate Transmission Lines

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38 views17 pages

Microwave Engineering Lecture 1: Parallel Plate Transmission Lines

dd

Uploaded by

Basem Abd Elaziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microwave Engineering

Lecture 1: Parallel Plate Transmission Lines


ELC 305a Fall 2014
Department of Electronics and Communications
Engineering
Faculty of Engineering Cairo University

Outline
1

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate Transmission Lines


Maxwells Equations and Boundary Conditions
Solution of Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation

Points of Interest
Group Velocity
Transmission Line Theory vs. Circuit Theory

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Outline
1

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate Transmission Lines


Maxwells Equations and Boundary Conditions
Solution of Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation

Points of Interest
Group Velocity
Transmission Line Theory vs. Circuit Theory

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Maxwells Equations and Boundary Conditions

Supported Waves (Modes)


E jH

H jE
E 0, y 0, d
x

k2 E 0

k2

z E 0, y 0, d

Propagates for f > 0

Propagate for f > fc 1/d

TEM Wave

TE Waves

TM Waves

Ez 0, Hz 0

Ez 0, Hz 0

Ez 0, Hz 0

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

H 0

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Maxwells Equations and Boundary Conditions

Curl Equations
E jH

H jE

E 0, y 0, d
x

H 0

k2 E 0

k2

x
w

Hx y
Hy
j x
z

Ex

Ey

E x y
E y
j x
z

Hx

Hy

No propagation along x direction.


Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Maxwells Equations and Boundary Conditions

Non-vanishing Components
E jH

H jE

E 0, y 0, d
x

H 0

k2 E 0

k2

x
w

Hx y
Hy
j x
z

E x y
E y
j x
z

Ex

Ey

Hx

Hy

Ex vanishes on the conductor surface and there is no variation in y direction.


Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Solution of Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation

Relation between the Electric and Magnetic Fields


E jH

H jE

E 0, y 0, d
x

Ey

z
H x y
0
j j x
0

jEy jHx

Ey
Hx

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

k2 E 0

k2

E r e y e jz
H r h y e jz

H 0

Hx

z
0 y
E y
j j x
0

jHx jEy

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Solution of Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation

Dispersion Relation and Intrinsic Impedance


E jH

H jE

E 0, y 0, d
x

H 0

k2 E 0

k2

x
w

Ey

z
H x y
0
j j x
0

Ey
Hx

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

Hx

z
0 y
E y
j j x
0

Ey
Hx

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Solution of Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation

Surface Current and Charge


E jH

H jE

E 0, y 0, d
x

k2 E 0

k2

x
w

Surface Current
H
Jsu y
y d

A jz
e

H
Jsl y
y 0

Ae
E y

Hx

D
su y
y d

jz

Ae jz

A jz
e

k ,

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

Surface Charge

H 0

D
sl y
y 0

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

10

Solution of Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation

Field and Current Distribution


y

Transverse Plane

up

d
ug

Longitudinal Plane

Js

cos t z
Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

Outline
1

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate Transmission Lines


Maxwells Equations and Boundary Conditions
Solution of Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation

Points of Interest
Group Velocity
Transmission Line Theory vs. Circuit Theory

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

11

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

12

Group Velocity

Propagation of Narrowband Signal


Consider a narrowband two-tone signal given by:
cos t z cos t z
2 cos t z cos t z

20

18

16

14

12

10

up

: The velocity of a point having constant phase on the carrier

ug

d
: The velocity of a point having constant phase on the message
d
Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

13

Group Velocity

Relation with Phase Velocity


ug

up
1

dup
up d

No Dispersion

dup

d
ug up

Anomalous Dispersion

Normal Dispersion

dup

dup

d
ug up

d
ug up

Dispersive media cause distortion to signals propagating through them. (Why?)


Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

14

Group Velocity

Signal Distortion due to Dispersion


Pulse Propagating in
Dispersive and NonDispersive Media

Wave Packet in NonDispersive Medium

Wave Packet in
Dispersive Medium
Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

15

Transmission Line Theory vs. Circuit Theory

Range of Validity of Circuit Theory

Circuit is electrically
small!

Source
()

Circuit has considerable


electrical size

d
d
0.1

Circuit Theory

d
0.1

Transmission Line Theory

The circuit theory is the low-frequency approximation of the TL theory.


Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

TEM Waves in Parallel Plate TL

Points of Interest

16

Transmission Line Theory vs. Circuit Theory

Domain of Different Theories and Pertinent Quantities

Fields, Currents and


Charges

Medium Constitutive
Parameters

Voltage and Current


Waves
Distributed Components

Voltages and Currents


Lumped Components

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

17

Conclusion
TEM waves can be guided by two-conductor transmission lines
such as the parallel plate transmission line, with the same
behavior they exhibit in unbounded media.

High order waves (modes) may be supported by transmission lines


if certain conditions are satisfied.
The group velocity is the velocity of propagation of the wave
packet.
The circuit theory is the low-frequency approximation of the
transmission line theory.

Islam A. Eshrah, 2008

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