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Ch23HW
Due:11:59pmonWednesday,October5,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

BouncingElectrons
Twoelectrons,eachwithmassmandchargeq,arereleasedfrompositionsveryfarfromeachother.Withrespecttoacertain
referenceframe,electronAhasinitialnonzerospeedv towardelectronBinthepositivexdirection,andelectronBhasinitial
speed3vtowardelectronAinthenegativexdirection.Theelectronsmovedirectlytowardeachotheralongthexaxis(very
hardtodowithrealelectrons).Astheelectronsapproacheachother,theyslowduetotheirelectricrepulsion.Thisrepulsion
eventuallypushesthemawayfromeachother.

PartA
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemotionoftheelectronsinthegivenreferenceframewillbetrueattheinstant
thetwoelectronsreachtheirminimumseparation?
ANSWER:
ElectronAismovingfasterthanelectronB.
ElectronBismovingfasterthanelectronA.
Bothelectronsaremovingatthesame(nonzero)speedinoppositedirections.
Bothelectronsaremovingatthesame(nonzero)speedinthesamedirection.
Bothelectronsaremomentarilystationary.

Correct
Ifatagivenmomenttheelectronsarestillmovingtowardeachother,thentheywillbecloserinthenextinstant.Ifata
givenmomenttheelectronsaremovingawayfromeachother,thentheywerecloserinthepreviousinstant.The
electronswillbetravelinginthesamedirectionatthesamespeedatthemomenttheyreachtheirminimum
separation.Onlyinareferenceframeinwhichthetotalmomentumiszero(thecenterofmomentumframe)wouldthe
electronsbestationaryattheirminimumseparation.

PartB
Whatistheminimumseparationrmin thattheelectronsreach?
Expressyouranswerintermofq,m,v ,andk(wherek =

1
40

).

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Sincenoexternalornonconservativeforcesactonthesystemofthetwoelectrons,bothmomentumandtotal
energy(kineticpluspotential)areconserved.Findoneexpressionfortheenergywhentheelectronsarefarapart,
andanotherwhentheyreachtheirminimumseparationrmin .Thiswillgiveyouanequationinwhichtheonly
unknownisthespeedoftheelectronsatthemomentoftheirminimumseparation.Applyconservationof
momentum,usingthesameinitialandfinalstates,toobtainasecondequationinvolvingthespeedoftheelectrons.
Solvethesimultaneousenergyandmomentumequationstoobtainrmin .

Hint2.Findtheinitialenergy
WhatisthetotalenergyEinitial ofthetwoelectronswhentheyareinitiallyreleased?Assumethattheelectronsare
sofarapartthattheirpotentialenergyiszero.
Expressyouranswerintermsofmandv .
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ANSWER:
Einitial

5mv

Hint3.Findthefinalenergy
WhatisthetotalenergyEf inal oftheelectronswhentheyreachtheirminimumseparationrmin ?Assumethatthe
(identical)speedofthetwoelectronsisv f .
Expressyouranswerintermsofm,v f ,q,rmin ,andk(wherek =

1
40

).

Hint1.Findthefinalkineticenergy
Whatisthefinalkineticenergy(bothelectrons)?
Expressyouranswerintermsofv f ,andm.
ANSWER:
Kf inal

(v f

)m

Hint2.Findthefinalpotentialenergy
Whatisthefinalpotentialenergyofthis2electronsystem?
Expressyouranswerintermsofk,q,andrmin .
ANSWER:

Uf inal

kq

rmin

ANSWER:

Ef inal

(vf

)m +

kq

rmin

Hint4.Findtheinitialmomentum

Whatisthetotalmomentump initial
ofthetwoelectronswhentheyareinitiallyreleased?

Expressyouranswerasavectorintermsofm,v ,and^i .
ANSWER:
p

initial

^
2mv i

Hint5.Findthefinalmomentum
Whatisthetotalmomentump final ofthetwoelectronswhentheyreachtheirminimumseparationrmin ?Assume
thatthe(identical)velocityofthetwoelectronsisv f .

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Expressyouranswerasavectorintermsofmandv f .
ANSWER:
p

f inal

2mv f

Hint6.Somemathhelp

Fromthemomentumequations,v f

thatis,v f

= v

= v

.Substituteforv f intheenergyconservationequationto

findrmin .
ANSWER:

rmin

kq

4mv2

Correct
Anexperiencedphysicistmightapproachthisproblembyconsideringthesystemofelectronsinareferenceframein
whichtheinitialmomentumiszero.Inthisframetheinitialspeedofeachelectronis2v.Trysolvingtheproblemthis
way.Makesurethatyouobtainthesameresultforrmin ,anddecideforyourselfwhichapproachiseasier.

EnergyStoredinaChargeConfiguration
Fourpointcharges,A,B,C,andD,areplacedatthecornersofasquarewithsidelengthL.ChargesA,B,andChavecharge
+ q,andDhascharge q.
Throughoutthisproblem,usekinplaceof

1
40

PartA
IfyoucalculateW ,theamountofworkittooktoassemblethischargeconfigurationifthepointchargeswereinitially
infinitelyfarapart,youwillfindthatthecontributionforeachchargeisproportionalto
numericvaluethatmultipliestheabovefactor,inW .

kq

.Inthespaceprovided,enterthe

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
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TheCoulombforceisconservative.Ifwedefinethepotentialenergyofthesystemtobezerowhenthechargesare
infinitelyfarapart,theamountofworkneededtoplaceanyonechargeinaconfigurationisequaltoitselectric
potentialenergy.ImaginemovingchargeA,thenB,thenC,andfinallyDintoplace.Findtheworkrequiredtoadd
eachchargetotheconfigurationbycalculatingthepotentialenergyofeachjustafteritisadded.Addthework
requiredforeachchargetofindthetotalworkrequired.

Hint2.Electricpotentialandpotentialenergy
RecallthattheelectricpotentialatapointatdistancerfromachargeqisV

=k

q
r

,wherek =

1
40

.Notethat

thisequationimplicitlydefinestheelectricpotentialtobezeroatr = .Theelectricpotentialenergyofachargeq
isequaltoqV ,whereV istheelectricpotentialatthepositionofthechargebeforethechargeisplacedthere.To
findthepotentialatapointduetomultiplecharges,sumthepotentialsatthatpointduetoeachcharge.

Hint3.WorkrequiredtoplacechargeA
WhatisWA ,theworkrequiredtoassemblethechargedistributionshowninthefigure?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthe
variablesk,q,andL.

Hint1.FindthepotentialatthelocationofchargeA
WhatisVA ,theelectricpotentialattheupperleftcornerofthesquarebeforechargeAisplacedthere?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.
ANSWER:
VA

= 0

ANSWER:
WA

= 0

Hint4.WorkrequiredtoplacechargeB
WhatisWB ,theamountofworkrequiredtoaddchargeBtotheconfiguration,asshowninthefigure?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.

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Hint1.FindthepotentialatthelocationofchargeB
WhatisVB ,thepotentialattheupperrightcornerduetochargeA,beforechargeBisplacedthere?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.
ANSWER:

VB

kq

ANSWER:

WB

kq

Hint5.WorkrequiredtoplacechargeC
WhatisWC ,theamountofworkrequiredtoaddchargeCtotheconfiguration,asshowninthefigure?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthe
variablesk,q,andL.

Hint1.FindthepotentialatthelocationofchargeC
V
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WhatisVC ,thepotentialatthelowerrightcornerofthesquarebeforechargeCisplacedthere?

Hint1.Howtoapproachthispart
ThepotentialatCisthesumoftheindividualpotentialsduetothechargesatBandA.

Hint2.FindthepotentialatCduetothechargeatB
WhatisthepotentialatCduetothechargeatB?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.
ANSWER:

VCB

kq
L

Hint3.FindthepotentialatCduetothechargeatA
WhatisthepotentialatCduetothechargeatA?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.
ANSWER:

VCA

kq
2 L

ANSWER:

VC

kq

(1 +

1
2

ANSWER:

WC

kq

(1 +

1
2

Hint6.FindtheworkrequiredtoplacechargeD
WhatisWD ,theamountofworkrequiredtoaddchargeDtotheconfiguration?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.

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Hint1.FindthepotentialatthepositionofchargeD
WhatisVD ,thepotentialatthelowerleftcornerofthesquarebeforechargeDisplacedthere?
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesk,q,andL.
ANSWER:

VD

kq
L

(2 +

1
2

ANSWER:

WD

kq

(2 +

1
2

ANSWER:

= 0 (

kq

Correct
Thehintsledyouthroughtheproblembyaddingonechargeatatime.Alittlethoughtshowsthatthisisequivalentto
simplyaddingtheenergiesofallpossiblepairs:
W =

40

1
RBA

1
RBC

1
RCA

1
RDA

1
RDB

1
RDC

).

Notethatthisisnotequivalenttoaddingthepotentialenergiesofeachcharge.Addingthepotentialenergieswillgive
youdoublethecorrectanswerbecauseyouwillbecountingeachchargetwice.

PartB

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Whichofthefollowingfiguresdepictsachargeconfigurationthatrequireslessworktoassemblethantheconfigurationin
theproblemintroduction?Assumethatallchargeshavethesamemagnitudeq.

ANSWER:
figurea
figureb
figurec

Correct

PotentialofaChargedRing
AringwithradiusRandauniformlydistributedtotalchargeQliesinthexyplane,centeredattheorigin.

PartA
WhatisthepotentialV (z)duetotheringonthezaxisasafunctionofz?
ExpressyouranswerintermsofQ,z,R,and0 ork =

1
40

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Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Theformulafortheelectricpotentialproducedbyastaticchargedistributioninvolvestheamountofchargeandthe
distancefromthechargetothepositionwherethepotentialismeasured.Allpointsontheringareequidistantfroma
givenpointonthezaxis.Thisenablesyoutocalculatetheelectricpotentialsimply,withoutdoinganintegral.

Hint2.Thepotentialduetoapointcharge
Ifyouincorporatethesymmetryoftheproblem,youwillneedonlytoknowtheformulaforpotentialofapoint
q
charge:V (r) =
,whereV (r)isthepotentialatdistancerfromthepointcharge,qisthemagnitudeofthe
40 r

charge,and0 isthepermittivityoffreespace.
ANSWER:
kQ

V (z)

+z 2

Correct

PartB
WhatisthemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldEonthezaxisasafunctionofz,forz

> 0

ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthequantitiesQ,z,R,and0 ork =

1
40

Hint1.Determinethedirectionofthefield
Bysymmetry,theelectricfieldhasonlyoneCartesiancomponent.Inwhatdirectiondoestheelectricfieldpoint?
ANSWER:
^i
^

j
^
k

Hint2.Therelationshipbetweenelectricfieldandpotential
Youcanobtaintheelectricfieldfromapotentialbythefollowingexpression:

E = V =

V
x

^
i

V
y

^
j

V
z

^
k,

whereEistheelectricfieldvector,V istheelectricpotential,isthegradientoperator,and

f
t

meansthepartial

derivativeoff withrespecttot.
ANSWER:

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kQz

E (z)

|=

3
2

(z +R )

Correct
Noticethatwhilethepotentialisastrictlydecreasingfunctionofz,theelectricfieldfirstincreasestillz =

and

thenstartstodecrease.
Whydoestheelectricfieldexhibitsuchabehavior?
Thoughthecontributiontotheelectricfieldfromeachpointontheringstrictlydecreasesasafunctionofz,thevector
cancellationfrompointsonoppositesidesoftheringbecomesverystrongforsmallz.E(z
thesevectorcancellations.Ontheotherhand

E (z)0

onaccountof

= 0) = 0

,eventhoughalltheindividualdE'spointin(almost)the

samedirectionthere,becausethecontributiontotheelectricfield,perunitlengthofthering

dE
dr

0as z.

Exercise23.6
ThetwosidesoftheDNAdoublehelixareconnectedbypairsofbases(adenine,thymine,cytosine,andguanine).Becauseof
thegeometricshapeofthesemolecules,adeninebondswiththymineandcytosinebondswithguanine.Thefigureshowsthe
thymineadeninebond.EachchargeshowniseandtheH N distanceis0.110nm.

PartA
Calculatetheelectricpotentialenergyoftheadeninethyminebond,usingcombinationsofmoleculesO H Nand
N H N.
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Uadeninethymine

= 9.711019J

Correct
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PartB
Comparethisenergywiththepotentialenergyoftheprotonelectronpairinthehydrogenatom.Theelectroninthe
hydrogenatomis0.0529nmfromtheproton.
ANSWER:
Uadeninethymine
UH

= 0.223

Correct

Exercise23.24
Atacertaindistancefromapointcharge,thepotentialandelectricfieldmagnitudeduetothatchargeare4.98Vand12.0V/m
,respectively.(Takethepotentialtobezeroatinfinity.)

PartA
Whatisthedistancetothepointcharge?
ANSWER:
= 0.415 m

Correct

PartB
Whatisthemagnitudeofthecharge?
ANSWER:
q

= 2.301010 C

Correct

PartC
Istheelectricfielddirectedtowardorawayfromthepointcharge?
ANSWER:
Toward
Away

Correct
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Exercise23.23

PartA
Anelectronistobeacceleratedfromavelocityof4.50106m/stoavelocityof8.00106m/s.Throughwhatpotential
differencemusttheelectronpasstoaccomplishthis?
ANSWER:
V1 V2

= 125 V

Correct

PartB
Throughwhatpotentialdifferencemusttheelectronpassifitistobeslowedfrom8.00106m/stoahalt?
ANSWER:
V1 V2

= 182 V

Correct

Exercise23.48
Ametalspherewithradiusra =1.30cmissupportedonaninsulatingstandatthecenterofahollow,metal,sphericalshell
withradiusrb =9.60cm.Charge+qisputontheinnersphereandchargeqontheoutersphericalshell.Themagnitudeofq
ischosentomakethepotentialdifferencebetweenthespheres460V,withtheinnersphereathigherpotential.

PartA
Calculateq.
ANSWER:
q

= 7.701010 C

Correct

PartB
Aretheelectricfieldlinesandequipotentialsurfacesmutuallyperpendicular?
ANSWER:

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Yes
No

Correct

PartC
AretheequipotentialsurfacesclosertogetherwhenthemagnitudeofEislargest?
ANSWER:
EquipotentialsurfacesclosertogetherwhenthemagnitudeofEislargest.
EquipotentialsurfacesclosertogetherwhenthemagnitudeofEissmallest.

Correct

Problem23.89
Analphaparticlewithkineticenergy15.0MeVmakesacollisionwithleadnucleus,butitisnot"aimed"atthecenterofthe
leadnucleus,andhasaninitialnonzeroangularmomentum(withrespecttothestationaryleadnucleus)ofmagnitudeL = p0 b,
wherep0 isthemagnitudeoftheinitialmomentumofthealphaparticleandb=1.201012m.(Assumethattheleadnucleus
remainsstationaryandthatitmaybetreatedasapointcharge.Theatomicnumberofleadis82.Thealphaparticleisahelium
nucleus,withatomicnumber2.)

PartA
Whatisthedistanceofclosestapproach?
ANSWER:
= 1.211012 m

Correct

PartB
Repeatforb=1.501013m.
ANSWER:
=

2.510

14

IncorrectTryAgain27attemptsremaining

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PartC
Repeatforb=1.201014m.
ANSWER:
=

2.510

14

IncorrectTryAgain28attemptsremaining

Exercise23.17
Pointchargesq1 = + 2.00 C andq2 = 2.00 C areplacedatadjacentcornersofasquareforwhichthelengthofeach
sideis4.50cm.Pointaisatthecenterofthesquare,andpointbisattheemptycornerclosesttoq2 .Taketheelectric
potentialtobezeroatadistancefarfrombothcharges.

PartA
Whatistheelectricpotentialatpointaduetoq1 andq2 ?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Va

= 0V

Correct

PartB
Whatistheelectricpotentialatpointb?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
Vb

= 1.17105V

Correct

PartC
Apointchargeq3 =3.00Cmovesfrompointatopointb.Howmuchworkisdoneonq3 bytheelectricforcesexerted
byq1 andq2 ?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:

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Wab

= 0.351J

Correct

Exercise23.14
Aparticlewithachargeof+4.20 nCisinauniformelectricfieldEdirectedtotheleft.Itisreleasedfromrestandmovesto
theleftafterithasmoved6.00cm,itskineticenergyisfoundtobe+1.50 10 6 J.

PartA
Whatworkwasdonebytheelectricforce?
ANSWER:
W

= 1.50106 J

Correct

PartB
Whatisthepotentialofthestartingpointwithrespecttotheendpoint?
ANSWER:
V

= 357 V

Correct

PartC
WhatisthemagnitudeofE?
ANSWER:
E

= 5950 N/C

Correct

Exercise23.45
Inacertainregionofspace,theelectricpotentialisV (x, y, z)
constants.

= Axy Bx

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+ Cy

,whereA,B,andC arepositive

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PartA
Calculatethexcomponentoftheelectricfield.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.
ANSWER:
Ex

Ay + 2Bx

Correct

PartB
Calculatetheycomponentoftheelectricfield.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.
ANSWER:
Ey

Ax C

Correct

PartC
Calculatethezcomponentoftheelectricfield.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.
ANSWER:
Ez

= 0

Correct

PartD
Atwhichpointsistheelectricfieldequaltozero?
ANSWER:
x

= 0, y = 0, z = 0

= C/A , y = 0 , z = 2BC/A

= C/A , y = 2BC/A

= 2BC/A

anyvalueofz

anyvalueofy,

z = C/A

Thereisnopointatwhichtheelectricfieldequaltozero.

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Correct

Problem23.64
AGeigercounterdetectsradiationsuchasalphaparticlesbyusingthefactthattheradiationionizestheairalongitspath.A
thinwireliesontheaxisofahollowmetalcylinderandisinsulatedfromit.Alargepotentialdifferenceisestablishedbetween
thewireandtheoutercylinder,withthewireathigherpotentialthis
setsupastrongelectricfielddirectedradiallyoutward.Whenionizing
radiationentersthedevice,itionizesafewairmolecules.Thefree
electronsproducedareacceleratedbytheelectricfieldtowardthewire
and,onthewaythere,ionizemanymoreairmolecules.Thusa
currentpulseisproducedthatcanbedetectedbyappropriate
electroniccircuitryandconvertedtoanaudible"click."Supposethe
radiusofthecentralwireis145mandtheradiusofthehollow
cylinderis1.80cm.

PartA
4

Whatpotentialdifferencebetweenthewireandthecylinderproducesanelectricfieldof2.00 10 V/matadistanceof
1.20cmfromtheaxisofthewire?(Assumethatthewireandcylinderarebothverylongincomparisontotheirradii.)
ANSWER:
V

= 1160 V

Correct

Exercise23.5
Asmallmetalsphere,carryinganetchargeofq1 =2.60C,isheldinastationarypositionbyinsulatingsupports.Asecond
smallmetalsphere,withanetchargeofq2 =8.00Candmass1.90g,isprojectedtowardq1 .Whenthetwospheresare
0.800mapart,q2 ismovingtowardq1 withspeed22.0m/s.Assumethatthetwospherescanbetreatedaspointcharges.
Youcanignoretheforceofgravity.

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PartA
Whatisthespeedofq2 whenthespheresare0.420mapart?
ANSWER:
v

= 16.2 m/s

Correct

PartB
Howclosedoesq2 gettoq1 ?
ANSWER:
= 0.270 m

Correct

Exercise23.8

PartA
Threeequal1.60Cpointchargesareplacedatthecornersofanequilateraltrianglewithsides0.700 mlong.Whatisthe
potentialenergyofthesystem?(Takeaszerothepotentialenergyofthethreechargeswhentheyareinfinitelyfarapart.)
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
U

= 9.86102J

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Correct

ChangeinElectricPotentialRankingTask
Inthediagrambelow,therearetwochargesof+qandqandsixpoints(athroughf)atvariousdistancesfromthetwo
charges.Youwillbeaskedtorankchangesintheelectricpotential
alongpathsbetweenpairsofpoints.

PartA
Usingthediagramtotheleft,rankeachofthegivenpathsonthebasisofthechangeinelectricpotential.Rankthelargest
magnitudepositivechange(increaseinelectricpotential)aslargestandthelargestmagnitudenegativechange(decrease
inelectricpotential)assmallest.
Rankfromlargesttosmallest.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.

Hint1.Changeinelectricpotential
Determiningthechangeinelectricpotentialalongsomepathinvolvesdeterminingtheelectricpotentialatthetwo
endpointsofthepath,andsubtracting:
V = Vf inal Vinitial .

Hint2.Determinethealgebraicsignofthechangeinpotential
Thepathfrompointdtopointaresultsinapositivechangeinelectricpotential.Whichoftheotherpathsalso
involvesapositivechangeinelectricpotential(i.e.,electricpotentialthatincreasesalongthepath)?
ANSWER:
frombtoa
fromftoe
fromctod
fromctoe
fromctob

Hint3.Conceptualizingchangesinelectricpotential
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Sincepositivechargescreatelargepositiveelectricpotentialsintheirvicinityandnegativechargescreatenegative
potentialsintheirvicinity,electricpotentialissometimesvisualizedasasortofelevation.Positivecharges
representmountainpeaksandnegativechargesdeepvalleys.Inthispicture,whenyouareclosetoapositive
charge,youarehighupandhavealargepositivepotential.Conversely,nearanegativechargeyouaredeepina
valleyandhaveanegativepotential.Thus,changesinelectricpotentialcanbethoughtofaschangesinelevation.
Thechangeispositiveifyouaremovinguphillandthechangeisnegativeifyoumovedownhill.Thefartheryou
traveleitheruphillordownhill,thelargerthemagnitudeofthechangeinelectricpotential.
ANSWER:

Reset

Help

largest

smallest

frombtoa
fromctob

fromdtoa

fromctod

fromctoe
fromftoe

Thecorrectrankingcannotbedetermined.

Correct

Exercise23.12
Anobjectwithchargeq=4.00109

isplacedinaregionofuniformelectricfieldandisreleasedfromrestatpointA.After

thechargehasmovedtopointB,0.500mtotheright,ithaskineticenergy4.00107 J.

PartA
IftheelectricpotentialatpointAis+30.0V,whatistheelectricpotentialatpointB?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
VB

= 130V

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Correct

PartB
Whatisthemagnitudeoftheelectricfield?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
E

= 200 V
m

Correct

PartC
Whatisthedirectionoftheelectricfield?
ANSWER:
frompointBtopointA
frompointAtopointB
perpendiculartothelineAB

Correct

Exercise23.19
Twopointchargesq1 =2.30nCandq2 =6.00nCare0.100mapart.PointAismidwaybetweenthempointBis0.080m
fromq1 and0.060mfromq2 (thefigure).Taketheelectricpotential
tobezeroatinfinity.

PartA
A
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FindthepotentialatpointA.
ANSWER:
VA

= 665 V

Correct

PartB
FindthepotentialatpointB.
ANSWER:
VB

= 640 V

Correct

PartC
Findtheworkdonebytheelectricfieldonachargeof2.90nCthattravelsfrompointBtopointA.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
W

= 7.2108 J

Correct

AMillikantypeExperiment
Consideranoildropletofmassmandchargeq.WewanttodeterminethechargeonthedropletinaMillikantypeexperiment.
Wewilldothisinseveralsteps.Assume,forsimplicity,thatthechargeispositiveandthattheelectricfieldbetweentheplates
pointsupward.

PartA
Anelectricfieldisestablishedbyapplyingapotentialdifferencetotheplates.ItisfoundthatafieldofstrengthE0 will
causethedroplettobesuspendedmotionless.Writeanexpressionforthedroplet'schargeq.Letgbetheaccelerationdue
togravity.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofthesuspendingfieldE0 andthedroplet'sweightmg.

Hint1.Abodyinstaticequilibrium
RecallNewton's1stlaw,whichstatesthatabodyisinequilibriumwhenthenetforceactingonitiszero.Then,for
thedroplettobesuspendedmotionless(i.e.,tobeinstaticequilibrium),thenetforceactingonithastobezero.
Notethattheonlyforcesactingonthedropletarethegravitationalforce(downward)andtheelectricforce(upward).

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Hint2.Findtheelectricforce
Recallthedefinitionofelectricfieldaselectricforceperunitcharge.WriteanexpressionfortheelectricforceF
exertedonapointchargeqbyanelectricfieldE .
ExpressyouranswerintermsofE andq.
ANSWER:
F

Eq

ANSWER:
q

mg
E0

Correct

PartB
ThefieldE0 iseasilydeterminedbyknowingthespacingbetweentheplatesandmeasuringthepotentialdifferenceapplied
tothem.Thelargerproblemistodeterminethemassofamicroscopicdroplet.Consideramassmfallingthrougha
viscousmediuminwhichthereisaretardingordragforce.Forverysmallparticles,theretardingforceisgivenby
F drag = bv,where b isaconstantand v isthedroplet'sspeed.Thenegativesigntellsusthatthedragforcevector
pointsupwardwhenthedropletisfalling.Afallingdropletquicklyreachesaconstantspeed,calledtheterminalspeed.
Writeanexpressionfortheterminalspeedv term .
Expressyouranswerintermsofm,g,andb.

Hint1.Abodyindynamicequilibrium
FromNewton's1stlaw,ifthenetforceactingonabodyinitiallyinmotioniszero,thebodycontinuestomovewith
constantvelocity,andthebodyissaidtobeindynamicequilibrium.Itfollowsthatthenetforceactingonafalling
dropletthatmovesatconstantvelocityiszero.Notethattheonlyforcesactingonthefallingoildropletarethe
gravitationalforceandthedragforce.
ANSWER:
v term

mg
b

Correct

PartC
AsphericalobjectofradiusrmovingslowlythroughtheairisknowntoexperiencearetardingforceFdrag = 6rv,
whereistheviscosityoftheair.UsethisandyouranswertoPartBtofindtheradiusrofasphericaldropletofdensity
fallingwithaterminalspeedv term .
Expressyouranswerintermsof,v term ,,andg.

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Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Inthispartoftheproblem,thesituationissimplyaspecificcaseofthemoregeneralsituationanalyzedinPartB,
whereabodyofmassmthatmovesatconstantspeedthroughaviscousmediumexperiencesaretardingforce
F drag proportionaltothespeedofthebody.Here,adropletofgivendensityfallsatconstantspeed v term throughair
andexperiencesaretardingforceofmagnitudeFdrag ,whichisproportionaltothedropletspeed.Theconstantof
proportionalitydependsontheviscosityofairandtheradiusofthedroplet.Tosolvethispartoftheproblem,simply
applyNewton's1stlawtothedropletandsolveforthedroplet'sradius.
ANSWER:

9vterm
2g

Correct

PartD
Oilhasadensityof860 kg/m3 .Anoildropletissuspendedbetweentwoplates1.0 cmapartbyadjustingthepotential
differencebetweenthemto1177 V.Whenthevoltageisremoved,thedropletfallsandquicklyreachesconstantspeed.It
istimedwithastopwatchandfalls3.00 mmin7.33 s.Theviscosityofairis1.83 10 5 kg/m s.Whatisthedroplet's
chargeq?
Expressthechargeincoulombstotwosignificantfigures.Takethefreefallaccelerationtobe9.81

m/s

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
InPartA,youfoundanexpressionforthechargeofadropletthatisinequilibriumbetweentwoplatesseparatedby
apotentialdifference.Inparticular,youfoundthatthechargeofthedropletisgivenbytheweightofthedroplet
dividedbytheelectricfieldestablishedbetweentheplates.Therefore,tofindthechargeofthedroplet,youneedto
knowitsmassandthevalueoftheelectricfieldbetweentheplates.

Hint2.Findthemassofthedroplet
Recallthedefinitionofdensityandwriteanexpressionforthemassmofasphericaldropletofradiusranddensity
.
0
Expressyouranswerintermsof,r,and0 .

Hint1.Definitionofdensity
Consideramassmofahomogeneousmaterial,whosevolumeisV .Thedensityofthatmaterialisgiven
by = m/V .

Hint2.Volumeofasphere
ThevolumeofasphereofradiusrisgivenbyV

= (4/3)r

ANSWER:

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r 0

Hint3.Findthedroplet'sradius
InPartCyoufoundanexpressionfortheradiusofadropletofgivendensitythatfallsthroughairatconstantspeed.
Inparticular,youfoundthatthedroplet'sradiusdependsontheviscosityofair,thespeedofthedroplet,thedensity
ofthedroplet,andtheaccelerationduetogravity.
Findthedroplet'sradiusrforthesituationdescribedinthispartoftheproblem.Notethattheonlyunknownvariable
isthedroplet'sspeed.
Expressyouranswerinmeterstothreesignificantfigures.Takethefreefallaccelerationtobe9.81

m/s

Hint1.Findthespeedofthedroplet
Theoildropletfalls3.00

in7.33 s.Recallthedefinitionofspeedandfindthedroplet'sspeedv .

mm

Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v

= 4.093104 m/s

ANSWER:
= 2.000106 m

Hint4.Findtheelectricfieldbetweentwoparallelplates
Thepotentialdifferencebetweentwoparallelchargedplatesisafunctionoftheelectricfieldestablishedbetweenthe
platesandthedistancebetweenthem.
WriteanexpressionfortheelectricfieldE betweentwoparallelplatesadistancedapartandwithapotential
differencebetweenthemofV .
ExpressyouranswerintermsofV andd.
ANSWER:

V
d

ANSWER:
q

= 2.401018 C

Correct

PartE
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Howmanyunitsofthefundamentalelectricchargedoesthisdropletpossess?
Expressyouranswerasaninteger.

Hint1.Thefundamentalelectriccharge
Thefundamentalelectricchargeisthemagnitudeofthechargeofanelectron,whichis
e = 1.602176462 10

19

ANSWER:
15

Correct

Exercise23.35
Averysmallspherewithpositivechargeq = +7.00Cisreleasedfromrestatapoint1.30cmfromaverylonglineof
uniformlinearchargedensity = +1.00C / m.

PartA
Whatisthekineticenergyofthespherewhenitis4.40cmfromthelineofchargeiftheonlyforceonitistheforceexerted
bythelineofcharge?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
K

= 0.153J

Correct

ElectricFieldsandEquipotentialSurfaces
Thedashedlinesinthediagramrepresentcrosssectionsofequipotentialsurfacesdrawnin1Vincrements.

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PartA
Whatistheworkdonebytheelectricforcetomovea1CchargefromAtoB?
Expressyouranswerinjoules.

Hint1.FindthepotentialdifferencebetweenAandB
WhatisthepotentialdifferenceVA

VB

betweenpointAandpointB?

Expressyouranswerinvolts.

Hint1.Equipotentialsurfaces
Recallthatanequipotentialsurfaceisasurfaceonwhichtheelectricpotentialisthesameateverypoint.
ANSWER:
VA VB

= 0 V

Hint2.Potentialdifferenceandwork
Recallthattheelectricpotentialenergydifferencebetweenanytwopointsisequaltothenegativeoftheworkdone
bytheelectricforceasachargedobjectmovesbetweenthosetwopoints.Ifwecombinethiswiththerelationship
betweenelectricpotentialenergyandelectricpotentialwehave:WAB,byelectricf orce = VAB Q.

ANSWER:
0 J

Correct

PartB
C
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Whatistheworkdonebytheelectricforcetomovea1CchargefromAtoD?
Expressyouranswerinjoules.

Hint1.FindthepotentialdifferencebetweenAandD
WhatisthepotentialdifferenceVD VA betweenpointAandpointD?
Expressyouranswerinvolts.
ANSWER:
VD VA

= 1 V

Hint2.
Potentialdifferenceandwork
Recallthattheelectricpotentialenergydifferencebetweenanytwopointsisequaltothenegativeoftheworkdone
bytheelectricforceasachargedobjectmovesbetweenthosetwopoints.Ifwecombinethiswiththerelationship
betweenelectricpotentialenergyandelectricpotentialwehave:WAD,byelectricf orce = VAD Q

ANSWER:
1 J

Correct

PartC
ThemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointCis

Hint1.Electricfieldandequipotentialsurfaces
Sincethediagramshowsequalpotentialdifferencesbetweenadjacentsurfaces,equalamountsofworkaredoneto
moveaparticularchargefromonesurfacetothenextadjacentone.Itfollowsthenthatiftheequipotentialsare
closertogether,theelectricforcedoesthesameamountofworkinasmallerdisplacementthaniftheequipotentials
werefartherapart.Therefore,theelectricforce,aswellasthecorrespondingelectricfield,hasalargermagnitude.
ANSWER:
greaterthanthemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointB.
lessthanthemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointB.
equaltothemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldatpointB.
unknownbecausethevalueoftheelectricpotentialatpointCisunknown.

Correct

Exercise23.43
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Inacertainregionofspace,theelectricpotentialisV (x, y, z)
constants.

= Axy Bx

+ Cy

,whereA,B,andC arepositive

PartA
Calculatethexcomponentoftheelectricfield.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.
ANSWER:
Ex

Ay + 2Bx

Correct

PartB
Calculatetheycomponentoftheelectricfield.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.
ANSWER:
Ey

Ax C

Correct

PartC
Calculatethezcomponentoftheelectricfield.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthegivenquantities.
ANSWER:
Ez

= 0

Correct

PartD
Atwhichpointistheelectricfieldequaltozero?
ANSWER:
x

= 0, y = 0, z = 0

= C/A , y = 0 , z = 2BC/A

= C/A , y = 2BC/A

, z = C/A

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Correct

Problem23.47
Apointchargeq1 =4.05nCisplacedattheorigin,andasecondpointchargeq2 =3.10nCisplacedonthexaxisatx
20.5cm.Athirdpointchargeq3 =2.00nCistobeplacedonthexaxisbetweenq1 andq2 .(Takeaszerothepotential
energyofthethreechargeswhentheyareinfinitelyfarapart.)

= +

PartA
Whatisthepotentialenergyofthesystemofthethreechargesifq3 isplacedatx

10.5cm?

= +

ANSWER:
U

= 4.15107 J

Correct

PartB
Whereshouldq3 beplacedbetweenq1 andq2 tomakethepotentialenergyofthesystemequaltozero?
ANSWER:
x

= 7.45 cm

Correct

Problem23.69
ChargeQ

= +

4.00CisdistributeduniformlyoverthevolumeofaninsulatingspherethathasradiusR=6.00cm.

PartA
Whatisthepotentialdifferencebetweenthecenterofthesphereandthesurfaceofthesphere?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
V

= 3.00105V

Correct

Problem23.79
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Theelectricpotentialinaregionthatiswithin2.00moftheoriginofarectangularcoordinatesystemisgivenby
l
m
n
V = Ax + By
+ Cz
+ D,where A , B, C , D, l , m ,and nareconstants.Theunitsof A , B, C ,and Daresuchthatif x
,y,andzareinmeters,thenV isinvolts.YoumeasureV andeachcomponentoftheelectricfieldatfourpointsandobtain
theseresults:
Point

(x, y, z) (m)

V (V)

Ex (V/m)

Ey (V/m)

Ez (V/m)

(0,0,0)

10.0

(1.00,0,0)

4.0

14.0

(0,1.00,0)

6.0

14.0

(0,0,1.00)

8.0

14.0

PartA
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateA.
ANSWER:
A

= 6.0 V ml

Correct

PartB
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateB.
ANSWER:
B

= 4.0 V mm

Correct

PartC
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateC .
ANSWER:
C

= 2.0 V mn

Correct

PartD
UsethedatainthetabletocalculateD.
ANSWER:

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= 10.0 V

Correct

PartE
Usethedatainthetabletocalculatel.
ANSWER:
l

= 2.3

Correct

PartF
Usethedatainthetabletocalculatem.
ANSWER:
m

= 3.5

Correct

PartG
Usethedatainthetabletocalculaten.
ANSWER:
= 7.0

Correct

PartH
WhatisV atthepoint(0,0,0)?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
V

= 10.0V

Correct

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PartI
WhatisthemagnitudeofE atthepoint(0,0,0)?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
E

= 0 V
m

Correct

PartJ
WhatisV atthepoint(0.50m,0.50m,0.50m)?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
V

PartK
WhatisthemagnitudeofE atthepoint(0.50m,0.50m,0.50m)?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
E

14

N
C

IncorrectTryAgain29attemptsremaining

PartL
WhatisV atthepoint(1.00m,1.00m,1.00m)?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
V

4 V

IncorrectTryAgain29attemptsremaining

PartM
WhatisthemagnitudeofE atthepoint(1.00m,1.00m,1.00m)?

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Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
E

14

N
C

IncorrectTryAgain29attemptsremaining

VideoTutor:ChargedConductorwithTeardropShape
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.
Then,closethevideowindowandanswerthequestionatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.

PartA
TwoconductingspheresareeachgivenachargeQ.Theradiusofthelargersphereisthreetimesgreaterthanthatofthe
smallersphere.IftheelectricfieldjustoutsideofthesmallersphereisE0 ,thentheelectricfieldjustoutsideofthelarger
sphereis

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem.
Theelectricfieldjustoutsideofaconductorisproportionaltotheconductor'ssurfacechargedensity.Thesurface
chargedensityofasphereiscalculatedbydividingthetotalchargeonthespherebythesphere'ssurfacearea.
Thinkabouthowchangingtheradiusofaspherechangesthesphere'ssurfacearea.
ANSWER:
E0
1/3E0
1/9E0
3E0
9E0

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Correct
Thelargerspherehasninetimesthesurfaceareaofthesmallerone,andthisreducesthesurfacechargedensitybya
factorofnine.

ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis96.1%.
Youreceived24.02outofapossibletotalof25points.

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