Imposed Loads On Cladding
Imposed Loads On Cladding
Imposed Loads On Cladding
Minimum Horizontal
Imposed Loads on
Protective Barriers to
Restrict or Control
Movement of Persons
Category
Line
Load
to be
appli
ed at
a
heig
ht of
1.1m
abov
e the
floor
level
(kN/
m)
Unif
orml
y
distr
ibute
d
load
to be
appli
ed
on
the
infill
betw
een
floor
and
top
rail
(kPa
)
Concentrated load to be applied on any part of the infill between floor and top rail
(kN)
0.75
1.0
0.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
3.0
1.5
1.5
The minimum unfactored wind load should not be less than 1.0% of unfactored dead load in
the appropriate load combinations 2 and 3 defined in clause 4.3. This load shall be applied
at each floor and calculated from the weight of that floor and associated vertical structure.
For the design of internal structures such as temporary seating in a concert hall, the design
unfactored lateral load shall be the greater of 1% of unfactored dead plus imposed loads
acting on the floors supporting the internal structures or that obtained from a lateral
pressure of 0.5 kN/m2 multiplied by the appropriate load factor. This pressure should be
applied to the enclosing elevation of the structure. If the specified loads from overhead
travelling cranes already include significant horizontal loads, it will not
horizontal forces
All practical structures contain imperfections such as lack of verticality and straightness of members. To
take into account of this, the lateral load resisting system of all structures should be capable of resisting
notional horizontal forces with a minimum of 0.5% of the factored dead and imposed loads applied at the
same level as the vertical loads. A minimum notional lateral pressure of 0.5 kN/m 2 shall be used if this
gives a higher lateral load than 0.5% of factored dead and imposed load. This pressure should be applied
to the enclosing elevation of the structure. No further partial load factor need be applied.
For certain temporary works in construction and sway ultra-sensitive structures, such as internal platform
floors, scaffolding, false work and grandstands, a larger minimum horizontal force shall be used. The
magnitude of this force shall be the greater of 1.0% of factored dead and live loads applied at the same
level or a notional lateral pressure of 1.0kN/m 2 on the enclosing elevation of the structure.
The notional horizontal forces should be assumed to act in any one direction at a time and should be
applied at each roof and floor level or their equivalent. They should be taken as acting simultaneously
with the factored vertical dead and imposed loads in load combination 1, see section 4.
The notional horizontal forces need not be applied when considering overturning, pattern loads, in
combination with other applied horizontal loads or with temperature effects. They need not be taken to
contribute to the net reactions at the foundations.
If the specified loads from overhead travelling cranes already include significant horizontal loads, the
vertical crane loads need not be included when calculating notional horizontal forces.
Reference should be made to the Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildings for the magnitude of
notional horizontal force for supporting structures used in demolition works.
As an alternative to considering notional horizontal forces, the initial imperfections of a structure may be
explicitly considered in a non-linear P- analysis as described in clause 6.4.
The following table summarises the lateral forces to be considered in design for the principle
combinations of load given in clause 4.3.
Description of load
Notional horizontal force
for normal structures
Principal load
combination
Load combination 1
Load combination 1
US
Components and Cladding: The design wind pressure for components and cladding
of buildings shall not be less than a net pressure of 0.5 kN/m2 acting in either
direction normal to the surface.
EFFECTIVE WIND AREA, A: The area used to determine GCp. For component and
cladding elements, the effective wind area in Figs. 2.4.11 through 2.4.17 and 2.4.19
is the span length multiplied by an effective width that need not be less than one
third the span length. For cladding fasteners, the effective wind area shall not be
greater than the area that is tributary to an individual fastener.
2.4.4.3 COMPONENTS AND CLADDING For the design of components and cladding
the building must meet all the following conditions: 1. The mean roof height h must
be less than or equal to 18.3 m (h 18.3 m). 2. The building is enclosed as defined
in Section 2.4.2 and conforms to the windborne debris provisions of Section
2.4.11.3. 3. The building is a regularshaped building or structure as defined in
Section 2.4.2. 4. The building does not have response characteristics making it
subject to across wind loading, vortex shedding, instability due to galloping or
flutter; and does not have a site location for which channeling effects or buffeting in
the wake of upwind obstructions warrant special consideration. 5. The building has
either a flat roof, a gable roof with 45o , or a hip roof with 27o .
Icc
For live loads not exceeding 100 psf (4.8 kPa), the design live load for any structural
member supporting 150 sq ft (14 m2 ) or more may be reduced at the rate of 0.08%
per sq ft of the area supported. Such reduction shall not exceed 40% for horizontal
members, 60% for vertical members, nor R as determined by the following formula:
R = 23.1 (1 +D/L) where: R = Reduction in percent D = Dead load per sq ft of area
supported L = Live load per sq ft of area supported
Impact loads 1604.7.1 For structures carrying live loads which induce unusual
impact, the assumed live load shall be increased sufficiently to provide for same. If
not otherwise specified, the increase shall be: 1. For supports of elevators 100% 2.
For cab operated traveling crane support girders and their connections* 25% 3. For
pendant operated traveling crane support girders and their connections* ... . 10% 4.
For supports of light machinery, shaft or motor driven, not less than 20% 5. For
supports of reciprocating machinery or power-driven units, not less than 50% 6. For
hangers supporting floors and balconies 33% *Live loads on crane support girders
shall be taken as the maximum crane wheel loads.
The design pressure for components and cladding of buildings shall not be less than
10 pounds per square foot (0.479 kN/m2 ) acting in either direction normal to the
surface. The design force for open buildings and other structures shall not be less
than 10 pounds per square foot (0.479 kN/m2 ) multiplied by the area Af
Main WindForce Resisting System: The wind load to be used in the design of the
MWFRS for an enclosed or partially enclosed building or other structure shall not be
less than 0.5 kN/m2 multiplied by the area of the Part 6 12 building or structure
projected onto a vertical plane normal to the assumed wind direction. The design
wind force for open buildings and other structures shall be not less than 0.5 kN/m2 )
multiplied by the area Af . Components and Cladding: The design wind pressure for
components and cladding of buildings shall not be less than a net pressure of 0.5
kN/m2 acting in either direction normal to the surface.
Components and Cladding Net design wind pressures, Pnet, for the components and
cladding of buildings designed using Method 1 represent the net pressures (sum of
internal and external) to be applied normal to each building surface as shown in Fig.
2.4.3. pnet shall be determined by the following equation: pnet = Kzt I Pnet30
(2.4.2) where = adjustment factor for building height and exposure
from Fig. 2.4.3 Kzt = topographic factor as defined in Section 2.4.9 evaluated at
mean roof height, h I = importance factor as defined in Section 2.4.7 pnet30 = net
design wind pressure for Exposure A, at h = 9.1 m, and for I = 1.0, from Fig. 2.4.3
Minimum Pressures : The positive design wind pressures, pnet, from this section
shall not be less than +0.5 kN/m2 , and the negative design wind pressures, pnet,
from this section shall not be less than 0.5 kN/m2 .
1608.2.2.3 -1609.4.3
bangladesh
28
2.4.13.5 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN WIND PRESSURES FOR COMPONENTS
AND