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Chapter 1 Introduction To Physics - Express Revision - Teacher's

This document provides an introduction to physics, including: - Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interaction. - It defines base quantities like mass, length, and time that cannot be defined by other quantities, as well as derived quantities that are combinations of base quantities. - Scalar quantities have only magnitude, while vector quantities have both magnitude and direction. - Scientific notation, units, and prefixes are used to conveniently represent very large and small numbers. - Measurement tools like vernier calipers and micrometer screws are introduced, along with concepts like accuracy, consistency, and sensitivity. - Graphs are used to show relationships between variables, such as direct and

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Winnie Lim Li Sze
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83 views3 pages

Chapter 1 Introduction To Physics - Express Revision - Teacher's

This document provides an introduction to physics, including: - Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interaction. - It defines base quantities like mass, length, and time that cannot be defined by other quantities, as well as derived quantities that are combinations of base quantities. - Scalar quantities have only magnitude, while vector quantities have both magnitude and direction. - Scientific notation, units, and prefixes are used to conveniently represent very large and small numbers. - Measurement tools like vernier calipers and micrometer screws are introduced, along with concepts like accuracy, consistency, and sensitivity. - Graphs are used to show relationships between variables, such as direct and

Uploaded by

Winnie Lim Li Sze
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

1.1 Understanding Physics


Physics: Study of all natural phenomenon
Physics is a branch of science centred on the study of matter, energy, and the connection them.
1.2 Understanding Base Quantities and Derived Quantities/ 1.3 Understanding Scalar and Vector Quantities
Symbol
Magnitude

Mass, m = 50 kg

Unit

Physical Quantities
- quantities that can be measured
Base Quantities
- quantities that cannot be
defined in any other form
of physical quantities
Mass, m
Length, l
Time, t
Electric Current, I
Temperature,

SI Unit

kg
m
s
A
K

Prefixes
multiple

Prefix

Symbol

1012
109
106
103
102
101

tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deca

T
G
M
k
h
da

Derived Quantities
- combination of basic
quantities through
multiplication or division
Density
Volume
Force
Energy
Pressure

Submultiple
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12

SI Unit

Scalar Quantities
- Quantities with magnitude
only

SI Unit

Vector Quantities
- Quantities with magnitude
and direction

SI Unit

kg m-3
m3
N
J
Pa

Distance, s
Speed, v
Work done, W
Power, P
Voltage, V

m
m s-1
J
W
V

Displacement, s
Velocity, v
Acceleration, a
Weight, W
Momentum, p

m
m s-1
m s-2
N
kg ms-1

Prefix

Symbol

deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico

d
c
m

n
p

Scientific notation is used for large and small numbers.


The general form of a number in the scientific notation is
A X 10N

Example 1
The diameter of a particle is 250 m. What is its diameter in cm?
A 2.5 x 10-2
B 2.5 x 10-4
C 2.5 x 10-6
D 2.5 x 10-8
Example 2
The density of a substance is 10 918 kg m3. State the density in g cm3.
A 0.10918
B 1.0918
C 10.918
D 109.18

Example 3
An object moves along a straight line for time, t. The length of the line, s is given
by the equation
A m 2 s2

. The SI unit of g is
B m s-2
C s-1

D s-2 m

1.4 Understanding measurements / 1.5 Analysing Scientific Investigations


Vernier Calipers

Micrometer Screw Gauge

Accuracy the degree of closeness of the measurement to the true value.


Consistency- the ability of an instrument to measure consistently with little or no
relative deviation among readings.
Accurate and
Consistent

Not accurate and


But Consistent

Not Accurate and


Not Consistent

Sensitivity the ability to detect small changes in the quantity measured.

Relationship in a Graph

y is directly proportional to x

y is increases linearly with x

y is decreases linearly with x

y increases as x increases

y is inversely proportional to x

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