NOTES ON MEMORANDUM

These notes are necessarily brief and often formal and symbolic.
GRADE 4(1)
(64 + 96) 2 = 80
5 = 8, so = 13
72c 4 = R2,88
3 = , so 6 = 2 , so X = 2
=4
102 7 = 14 and 15 7 = 105, so 3 more marbles are needed
6 10 or 10 6 = 60
18 10 = 180
Make equal parts, e.g. 16 triangles, then 8 of 16 triangles = 1/2 of whole figure is shaded
Or 8 squares with 1/2 of each square shaded, so 1/2 of whole figure is shaded
10. 6 small ones and 2 big ones for a total of 8
11. 6 R0,75 2 R2 = 50c
12. 08:00 70 min 06:50
13. A rings on the hour and half-hour. B rings at 08:00, 08:35, 09:10, 09:45, 10:20, 10:55 and 11:30
14. If Mary has x stamps, Jason has 2x, so x + 2x = 3x = 96, so x = 32
15. Make a sketch:
A 15 Stall ? ..B
So 15 + ? = 75
16. The pattern is 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 1 + [5 + 1 + 6 + 1 + 5] + 2 + 1 + 8 + 1. So 18 in box!
17. Continue pattern of subtracting 4 cm/hour. Or the formula is: Height = 32 4 time
3
18. 3 + 8 + 3 + 8 = 22
1
3
5
19. Between 2 and 4 (i.e. about 8 of circle is shaded. So C.
5
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Begin

20. Draw it physically, as shown to the right!

21. Imagine yourself positioned to the left behind the building
and describe what you see
22.

10

11

End

96000
160 600
8
20
30
2
4
5
6
1

23. For 6 milktarts she needs 8 cups of milk, so for 8 (6 + 2 = 6 + 3 of 6) milktarts she needs
1

8 + 3 of 8 = 8 + 3 of (6 + 2) = 8 + 3 of 6 + 3 of 2 = 8 + 2 + 3 = 103 cups of milk

2

24. With 15 eggs you can make the recipe 13 times. 6 13 = 10 milktarts
25. Be systematic, e.g.

32
34
31

23
24
21

43
42
41

13
12
14

GRADE 4(F)
3.
4.
7.
8.
9.
10.
12.

The watch gains 2 minutes every day for 7 days = 14 minutes

7 + 8 = 15. So Sizwe caught 7 fish
If Zuki has marbles, Zinkle has 15. Together they have 2 15 = 90 marbles. So = 55
257 + = 438, so = 438 257 = 181 km
438 + 169 = 607 km
If 12 bottles cost R30, 4 bottles cost R10, and 8 bottles cost R20
Half of the previous number = 1,7 2 = 0,85

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

37 will be opposite 38, therefore Con lives opposite Luke

Delshe has 71 + 24, Therine has 71 24. In total they have 71+24 + 71 + 7124 = 71 3 = 213
R35,60 40 = 0,89; 0,89 15 = R13,35
4 3 12 + 8 20 2 10 6 4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
4 + 4 12 + 4 2 4 + 4 3 + 4 3 4 + 4 42

18. 2 5 + 2 5 + 2 5 + 15 times; 15 2 = 30; 15 51 = 3; 30 + 3 = 33

20. List all the possibilities and be systematic:
1+1=2
2+2=4
3+3=6
4+4=8
5 + 5 = 10
6 + 6 = 12
1+2=3
2+3=5
3+4=7
4+5=9
5 + 6 = 11
Any other combination will be a repetition therefore 11 possible answers
21. Eby, Ram, Temba, Siva, Oscar from tallest to shortest
22.

23. Let the children be 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. List all the possibilities and be systematic:
1 vs 2
2 vs 3
3 vs 4
4 vs 5
1 vs 3
2 vs 4
3 vs 5
1 vs 4
2 vs 5
1 vs 5
5
24. There are 36 tiles. 20 tiles are not covered (count halves). 20
36 = 9
25. 1; 4; 9; 16; = 1 1; 2 2; 3 3; 4 4; So 20 20 = 400
GRADE 5(1)
1. 11,23 < 11,32 < 11,4 So Peter Davids is third
2. The watch gains 4 30 s = 2 minutes in one day, so 14 minutes in 7 days
4. B: Fold the black triangles into the white square they will fit exactly. So
the black and white areas are equal, so the black area is 1/2 of the whole.
Or, if you see 4 squares, them 1/2 of each square is shaded, i.e. 1/2 of whole.
Or, cut the figure into equal triangles, then 4/8 = 1/2 triangles are shaded
5. It is not @, *, # or X, so it is T
6. 12 chocolates weigh 1,1 kg 680 g = 420 g, so 1 chocolate weighs 420 g 12 = 35 g
so 30 chocolates weigh 30 35 g = 1050 g, so box weighs 1100 g 1050 g = 50 g
7. Each number (except the first) is the previous number multiplied by 3
8. Test each of the given answers Or: If the number is N, then N 1 is divisible by 3, 5 and 6
The smallest number divisible by 6 is N 1 = 3 5 2 Why?? So N 1 = 30, so N =31
9. Test each of the given answers
Or, find a (Susie's marbles) and b (Sam's) through trial and check so that a + b = 105 and b a = 25
Or, if Sam has b marbles, (b 25) + b = 105, so 2 b 25 = 105, so b = (105 + 25) 2 = 65
Or, to do equal sharing, lend 25 marbles to Susie. Then, together they have 105 + 25 = 130, so they
each have 130 2 = 65. Now Susie must give back the extra 25 marbles we lent her!
11. Start numbering (painting) the sides
12. If their ages are a, b, c and d, then (a + 10) + (b + 10) + (c + 10) + (d + 10) = 100, so a + b + c + d = 60
13. Draw equal triangles, then 4 out of 14 triangles are shaded
14. If C children like chocolate, then 4 + 2C = 40, so C = (40 4) 2 = 18
15. If Joe's starting number is S, then he did S 10 = 9000. So S = 900. So correct answer is 900 10 = 90
16. List them systematically:
1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91 and 100

17. Make a sketch of the situation:

"2nd from front, 4th from back" means there are 5 rows. "3rd from left, 5th from right" means there are 7
students per row. So 7 students/row 5 rows = 35 students
1

18. 8 of (3 90c) = 270c 8 34c

1
2
19. pattern no
no coins

1+2

2+4

3
3+6

50
50 + 100 = 150

pattern no
no coins

1
13

2
23

3
33

50
50 3 = 150

20. List them systematically: 997; 988; 979 898; 889 799
21. 2002 is the only one in the century 2000 2100
22. Investigate systematically, e.g. 8 = 5 + 2 + 1; 9 = 5 + 2 +2; 11 = 10 + 1; 12 = 10 + 2; 13 = 10 + 2 + 1;
14 = 10 + 2 +2, 15 = 10 + 5; 16 = 10 + 5 + 1; 17 = 10 + 5 + 2; 18 = ??
24. Try different possibilities. The one at X below is the shortest (2 + 2 + 2)
25. Be systematic, as shown below right:

B
D
A

GRADE 5(F)
1. 8 4 2 = 64
2. These are multiples of 6, they are all even, So it cannot be A. Test the others by division, use
your calculator! 3526 6 = 587,6 4182 6 = 697
3. The trip is 31 min, therefor 12:30 + 31 min 13:01
4. 500 12 = 41,6667. Therefor 42 boxes
5. The photo is enlarged 3 times. 22 3 = 66 mm
6. If the loser had votes, the winner had + 1002 votes. Together 2 + 1002 = 39218
30
3
7. 200
= 20
8. R5 less for you and R5 more for her = R10
9. 274 245 = 29
11. If his mass is m, then m + 0,725 kg = 41 kg, so m = 40,275 kg
12. 5 litres + 1 litre = 6 litres; 6 5 = 30 litres; 5 5 = 25 litres
9
1
, so 11 m = 10
. Therefore 10
14. 99 m = 10
10 = 10 11 = 110 m
16.
4
1
36 = 9
17.
18.
19.
20.

6 8 48 + 8 56
5 + 3 + 3 + 3 + = 44. So 44 5 = 39; 39 3 = 13; 13 + 1 = 14
5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + 20 + 23 + 26 + 29 + 32 + 35 + 38 + 41 +44 = 49 7 = 343
Draw it!
A 10 km E
Fill in the information as you read
10 km
Re-read, bit by bit!
30 km
F
D
20 km
B

20 km

21. man:
2 km after 30 min, 6 km after 1 21 hours
wife:
0 km after 30 min, 6 km after 1 21 hours
22. man walks 0,4 km every 6 min, wife walks 0,6 km every 6 min
man walks 1,2 km every 18 min, wife walks 1,8 km every 18 min
A

B
1,2 2,4 3,6 4,8

7,2

5,4

3,6

1,8

24. R11,50 5 = R57,50; R57,50 R11,50 R11,50 = R34,50

25. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4+ 5 + 6 + + 47 + 48 + 49 + 50
= 51 + 51 + 51 + 25 times (compare no 19!)
= 51 25
= 1275

GRADE 6(1)
1. 8 7,93 = 0,07 < 8,08 8 = 0,08
2. 1 = 6 and 1 + 1 = 10 . So 1 = 4 and 2 = 8
3
16
12
4
3. 13
20 is more than 20 ( 5 ) and less than 20 ( 5 ), so he is on side DE
7
7
4. He still has 20
of the distance to go, so 20
of 25 cm = (25 cm 20) 7 = 8,75 cm
5. The pattern is 6; 7; 8; 9;
6. From the ground, over the length, to the ground again is 6m + 8m + 6m = 20m, and from the
ground, over the width, to the ground again is 6m + 10m + 6m = 22m
7. Use trial and error , or:

3x 8
6x
2
3x 8 2( x 6)
x 4

8. 17 + 18 + 19 = 54, so their product is 17 18 19 = 5814

8
5
9
9
1
9.
11 8 = 88 and 88 = 135 litres, so 88 = 135 9 = 15 litres, so
10. 4 books = 2 books + 6 kg, so 2 books = 6 kg, so 1 book = 3 kg

88
88

= 15 88 = 1320 litres

11. There is a general structure here: The denominators is twice the numerator + 1, i.e.

Check with your calculator:

1
3

= 0, 333...,

2
5

1
3

4
9

, 11 ,

6
13

= 0,4, So

1
3

<

2
5

<

3
7

We can therefore investigate a general pattern

2
5

3
7

7
15

<

2 1

,
4
9

<

5
11

<

6
13

<

7
15

<

Conclusion: the larger the denominator, the larger this kind of fraction, so 11
23 is the largest
12. The gap will close at 8 mm/100 years. They have to grow 15 000 mm altogether. Therefore:
15 000 mm 8 mm/100 years = 15 000 100
8 = 187 500 years
13. Check all cases and note pattern: 1 17 =17; 2 16 = 32; 3 15 = 45; 4 14 = 56; 9 9 = 81
14. Length = 15 + 2Mass, so Length (15) = 15 + 215 = 45
16. James is now 2 5 = 10 years old, so 15 years from now he will be 10 + 15 = 25 years old.
17. Make a systematic list, e.g. 3579; 3597 | 3759; 3795 | 3957; 3975 | 9375; 9357 | 9537
19. If the empty glass has a mass of g gram and milk m gram, then g + m = 370 and g + 12 m = 290.
So
20.

1
2

m = 370 290 = 80 grams, so m = 160 grams and g = 370 160 = 210 grams

2002 2001
2002 2001

4003
1

= 4003

21. Let c be the cost of a coke and d the cost of a packet of chips. The cost of the first buy is
6c + 7d and of the second is 8c + 4d. So you bought 2 Cokes more, but 3 chips less, so 2 Cokes
cost just as much as 3 packets of chips (compare the sentence 6c + 7d = 8c + 4d). So instead of
8c + 4d = 4 2c + 4d = 4 3d + 4d = 12d + 4d = 16d
22. Suppose he eats x bananas in the last hour, then (x + 15) + (x + 10) + (x + 5) + x =90
So 4x + 30 = 90, so x = 15 bananas
23. There are 5 possible first digits (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) and 5 possible second digits, so in total 5 5 = 25
24. Let the cost of eggs be Re, chips Rc, etc.
or
E1 + E2 + E3 :
e + c = R4,90 ..E1
s + c = R6,00 . E2
e + 2s + 2c + m = 16,60
s + m = R5,70 . E3
e + 2(s + c) + m = 16,60
E1 E2: e s = R1,10 ... E4
From E2: e + 2 6 + m = 16,60
E3 + E4: m + e = R4,60
e + m = R4,60
25. For any two numbers a and b, the operation * is a * b = (a b) + (a + b)
GRADE 6(F)
1.

2.
5.
6.

365 days 7days/week = 52 weeks and 1 day

2003 Thu
2008 Thu (Leap year!)
2004 Sat (Leap year!)
2009 Fri
2005 Sun
2010 Sat
2006 Mon
2011 Sun
2007 Tue
2012 Tue (Leap year!)
5,6 + 5,65 11,25 2 5,625
4653 2583 = 2070; 2070 90 = 23

42
41
7
8. 56 = 40
48 and 8 = 48 48
9. From half to full in 1 minute 59 minutes
11. About 8,6 in 1 hour (60 7 = 8,57142)
About 206 in 1 day (8,6 24 = 206,4)
About 75 000 in 1 year (206 365 = 75190)
12. 21 + 81 + 81 = 34 ; R15 is 41 ; R60 = 44
13. If the book costs Rx, the CD costs Rx + 60. Together they cost x + x + 60 = 230
So x = (230 60) 2 = R85
14. See Grade 4(1) number 11
15. 43 = 8 5 + 3; 78 = 10 7 + 5 + 3; 56 = 8 7; 47 = 6 7 + 5. So all are possible
16. Jane eats 24 sweets in 5 minutes and 48 sweets in 10 minutes.
17. 41 + 35 30 = 46; 50 46 = 4
18.

19. The tiger is the fastest, so A. The elephant is the heaviest, so C. The cat is the slowest and
lightest, so E. The man is not as fast as the horse, and is lighter than the horse, so D is the man.
20. 4 1 21 = 6 cm; 6 1 21 = 9 cm

21. 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, (9)
101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, (10)
202, 212, 222, 232, 242, 252, 262, 272, 282, 292, (10)
303, etc. (10)
404, etc. (10)
So the total is 49
22. Make a table of the data, find a pattern and use the pattern to predict the answer:
Row number
1
2
3
4
50

Number of triangles
1=211
3=221
5=231
7=241
2 50 1 = 99

23. Look systematically at special cases and find a pattern:

Total triangles in 1 row = 1
Total triangles in 2 rows = 1 + 3 = 4 = 22
Total triangles in 3 rows = 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 = 32
Total triangles in 4 rows = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16 = 42
So, total triangles in 50 rows = 502= 50 50 = 2 500
24. It really is the same question as 23 the numbers and the number of triangles are the same!
So 152 = 15 15 = 225
25. The pattern is 1 2, 2 3, 3 4, 4 5, So 50 51 = 2550
GRADE 7(1)
1. E: 4 + 4 4 4 = 8 1 = 7 1
2.
So 6 cm 6 cm = 36 cm2

4.
6. 10 out of 100 pears are not sold. So 550 out of 5500 are not sold
7. The Fibonacci sequence: Each number (except the first two) is the sum of the previous two
10. The idea is not to read of values, but to interpret the form of the graph where is it increasing,
decreasing, or where does it reach a maximum, etc.
11. First find the buying price x: 1,3 x = R78, so x = R60. To make 60% profit: R60 1,6 = R96
12. Make a sketch of the towns and fill in the known details:
A

C
18

D
13

51
x = BD = 18 + 13
13. y = AB = 51 (18 + 13)
14. Area = 20 cm 10 cm = 200 cm2. So 16 w = 200, so w = 200 16 = 12,5 cm i.e. 2,5 cm longer
15. Make sketches to understand the structure: 144 cm2 = 12 cm 12 cm, so there will be 13 dots
along each side. But the dots on the corners are counted twice, so 13 4 4 = 48 dots
16.
X

17.

1
13

<

5
61

<

1
n

<

13
57

<

1,
4

i.e. 1 <
13

1
n

<

1,
4

so n can be 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5.

18. If x is the price without VAT, then 1,14 x = 9,46. So x = R8,30, so VAT = R1,16
19. Let Lynn weigh L kg etc. Add everything together: 2L + 2F + 2S = 420, so L + F + S = 210
But L + F = 132, so (L + F) + S = 210, i.e. 132 + S = 210, so S = 78 kg
20. It is a base 5 system:

for 7 = 5 + 2

for 28 = 25 + 3 = 52 + 3
for 62
= 50 + 10 + 2 = 252 + 25 + 2
So 91 = 75 + 15 + 1 = 352 + 35 + 1 =
21. If the youngest sister has Rx, then we can represent the situation symbolically by:
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) + (x + 8) = 100, so 5 x + 20 = 100
Or think of it like this: to make an equal sharing situation, first take away the extra money they
get (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = R20). Then there is R80 to be shared equally between the 5 sisters each
receives R16. Then give them the R2, R4, etc. that they get more than the younger sister
22. If the numbers are x1, x2, then x1 + x2 + + x7 = 7 49
(x1 + 1) + (x2 + 2) + + (x7 + 7) = (x1 + x2 + + x7) + (1 + 2 + + 7) = 7 49 + 4 7
To get the new average, divide by 7: (7 49 + 4 7) 7 = 49 + 4 = 53
23. Make an appropriate representation, e.g. take the special case of 4 teams, A, B, C and D:
vs A B C D
X X X
A
X X
B
X
C
D

So 12 teams plays a total of 11 + 10 + 9 + + 3 + 2 + 1 = 66 games (do you have a short method?)

24. The time they run is equal, and time = distance speed
Suppose the distance run by the cat is x metres, then the distance the dog runs is x + 36 metres
x 36 x

7
5
x 90
Can you find a more informal explanation?
25. If 60% die, then 40% of trees are alive after first year
After 2 years, 40% of 40% = 0,4 0,4 = 0,16 = 16% of trees are alive
After 3 years, 40% of 16% = 0,4 0,16 = 0,064 = 6,4% of trees are alive
GRADE 7(F)
3 5 + 2 6 1 2 (the overlap) = 23 cm2
3 + 3 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 6 + 1 = 26 cm
180 5 9 = 67,5 g
530,20 0,2 g = 106,04 g
Write the product of factors, but do not repeat factors, e.g. do not write 6 = 23, because it is
already there!
8. Use the fact that the diagonal of a rectangle halves the area of the rectangle.
9. (2 + 4+ 6 + 8 + + 98 + 100) (1 + 3 + 5 + + 97 + 99)
= (2 1) + (4 3) + (6 5) + + (98 97) + (100 99)
= 1 + 1+ 1 + 1 + 50 times = 50
10. If Sandy is x years old, Mandy is x + 7 years old. In 4 years time Sandy is x + 4 years old and
Mandy is x + 11. Then x + 4 = (x + 11). So x, i.e. Sandy is 3 and Mandy is 10. 3 + 10 = 13
1.
2.
4.
5.
6.

11. 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, (5)

40, 42, 44, 46, 48, (5)
60, 62, 64, 66, 68, (5)
80, 82, 84, 86, 88 (5) So the total is 20
12. 22 + 92 = 4 + 81 = 85
62 + 72 = 36 + 49 = 85
13. 12:9. So 3 revolutions will be 36 clicks, which will revolve B 4 times.
14. Test all the cases systematically: 1 17 = 17; 2 16 = 32; 3 15 = 45; 9 9 = 81, then the
answer repeats, because the order does not matter (e.g. 2 16 = 16 2).
15. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 25, 80, 40, 50, 100, 125, 200, 250, 400, 500, 1000, 2000
16.
11

11 + 6 + A = 18, so A = 1

Z + A + 10 = 18, so Z = 7

10

17. Be systematic!
9 + 9 + 7 = 25
9 + 8 + 8 = 25
9 + 7 + 9 = 25
8 + 9 + 8 = 25
8 + 8 + 9 = 25
7 + 9 + 9 = 25
18. You can draw it, or investigate numerical patterns for a triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, etc.
Or you can reason it out: At each vertex of an n-gon there are n 3 diagonals (the point is
connected to every other point, except to the two adjacent points and itself). So at n vertices
there are n (n 3) diagonals. But do not count the diagonals twice! So n (n 3) 2.
So if n= 8, the number of diagonals is 8 5 2 = 20
19. We know: Sum of numbers 11 = 8, so the sum is 88
If the new number is x, then (88 + x) 12 = 11. So x = 12 11 88 = 44
20. If there were x tests before the last, his total marks were 62 x.
62 x 70
64 , so x = 4.
After the last test,
x 1
21. Perimeter = 2l+ 2b = 12, so l + b = 6. But it is a square, so l = b = 3. So Area = 3 m 3 m = 9 m2
22. Look for structure! T50 = 1 + 2 + 3+ 4 + + 49 + 50 = 25 51 = 1275
23. Look for structure and pattern!
N1 = 1
N2 = 5 = 22 + 1
N3 = 10 = 32 + 1
N4 = 17 = 42 + 1
Test the numbers! 302 + 1 = 901 is the only one which fits the pattern.
24. If they mine 5%, then 95% = 0,95 is left. So:
After 1 year, 95% is left
After 2 years, 95% of 95% = 0,95 0,95 is left
After 3 years, 95% of 95% of 95% = 0,95 0,95 0,95 = 0,953 is left
After 10 years, 0,9510 is left. Use a calculator: 0,9510 = 0,598 = 59,8% is left
After 13 years, 0,9513 is left. 0,9513 = 0,513 = 51,3%, more than half, is left
After 14 years, 0,9514 is left. 0,9514 = 0,487 = 48,7%, less than half, is left
101
25. (1 + 1) (1 + 21 ) = 12 32 43 54 . 100
99 100

= 22
= 101

3
3

4
4

5
5

100
100

101