Evolution of Cabin Crew Trg.3.3 PDF

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The key takeaways are the importance of training cabin crew to respond effectively in emergency situations and the evolution of ICAO standards to include specific requirements for cabin crew training.

ICAO requires operators to establish an approved training program that all cabin crew must complete before being assigned duties. The training must be approved by the state of the operator and cabin crew must complete recurrent training annually.

ICAO standards cover safety and emergency procedures training, dangerous goods training, and security training. Specific requirements for the content of each type of training are outlined.

5/23/2014

Evolution
Of
Cabin Crew
Training
Allan Tang
Principal training Specialist

Copyright 2012 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved.

A Division of the Civil Aviation Authority of


Singapore

Importance of Training

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Importance of Training
..Then the captain ordered the evacuation of the aircraft
and the Cabin Manager instinctively jumped to action.
"I wasn't really thinking, but my body started carrying
out the steps needed for an evacuation. I was only
thinking about rescuing the next passenger."

Cabin Manager Lee Yong Hye

ICAO Cabin Crew Training


Requirements

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ICAO Requirements


ICAO Annexes contain SARPs


Adopted by Council of ICAO
 Serve as minimum Standards
applicable to international
civil aviation.


Following Annexes comprise SARPs related


to cabin safety.

Safety & Emergency Procedures


Training
Annex 6, Part I - Paragraph 12.4


Operator shall establish/maintain training


programme





Completed by all persons before being assigned as cabin


crew

Approved by State of the Operator


Cabin crew members shall complete recurrent
training


Annually

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Dangerous Goods Training


Technical Instructions Doc 9284, Part 1
Chapter 4


DG training for cabin crew members includes:


a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)

General philosophy
Limitations
Labelling and marking
Recognition of undeclared dangerous
goods
Provisions for passengers and crew
Emergency procedures

Training required regardless of whether operator


is approved to transport dangerous goods or not.

Security Training
Annex 6, Part I - Paragraph 13.4


Operator shall establish/maintain approved


security training programme


Crew members act in most appropriate manner to


minimize consequences of unlawful interference

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Annex 19


Safety Management



State Safety Programme


Service providers safety management systems
 Including

air operators

ICAO Standards
Historical Background
ICAO Annex 6 Part I
The first edition of ICAO Annex 6 Part I
(Operations of Schedules International Air
Services ) was first issued in September
1949.
 It was priced at 25 cents (Canadian currency
in Montreal).
 There was no mention of cabin attendant or
cabin crew in the document.


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ICAO Standards

ICAO Standards
Some 18 years later
Safety Training
 1967 Introduction of a chapter Cabin
Attendant requiring the approval of training
programme.
 Training programme to cover:


(a) carrying out duties during in flight emergency or


situation requiring an emergency evacuation ;
(b) use of emergency and life saving equipment;
(c) Use of Oxygen; and
(d) awareness of other crew members duties and
functions.

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ICAO Standards

ICAO Standards
ICAO Annex 6 Part I ( International
Commercial Air Transport)
 Some 7 years or 25 years later again ..
Security Training
 1974 Introduction of the requirement for
crew member to be trained to act in the
most appropriate manner to minimise the
consequences of acts of unlawful
interference.
Note: Crew member is defined as a person
assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft
during flight time.

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ICAO Standards

ICAO Standards
Another 9 years or 34 years later ..
 Dangerous Goods Training for cabin crew
was introduced in Annex 6 Part I in 1983.
 ensure each cabin attendant is:
(a)
(e) awareness of the types of dangerous
goods which may, and may not, be carried
in a passenger cabin and has completed
the dangerous goods training programme
required by Annex 18.

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CRM TRAINING
Since early 1990s. CRM training has been
extended to Cabin Crew who has a shared
responsibility to safety. Some airlines also
initiated joint flight and cabin crew CRM
training.
 Current Cabin Crew CRM training
covers the elimination, trapping
and mitigating errors and
identifying systemic threats
to safety.


New ICAO Document


10002
Cabin Crew
Safety Training
Manual

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A Joint Industry-Regulatory Effort

New ICAO Doc 10002




ICAO (Annex 6 - Part 1) requires initial and


recurrent cabin crew safety training.

ICAO has developed new guidance material


for Cabin Crew Safety Training Manual
(Doc 10002).

Replaces ICAO Doc 7192 dated 1996.

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New ICAO Doc 10002


New Materials in the Manual covers:








Cabin Crew Training Requirements and


qualifications
Training Facilities and Devices
Competency Based Training
SMS Training for Cabin Crew
In Charge Cabin Crew Training
Fatigue Management Training
Management aspects of Cabin Safety Training
Programme

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Competency Based Training




Understanding Competency-based Training


 Traditional aviation training programmes
are designed to acquire standards
established to meet qualifications of
licence, rating or privilege.
 Embedded in national regulations.
 Standards expressed in quantitative terms
- prescribe training programme inputs.
 Programme design and content influenced
by Authoritys testing criteria and methods.

Competency Based Training




Focused training on:











Job performance
Adult learner

Competencies are observable


and measurable.
Training is adaptable.
Better prepares cabin crew for onthe-job requirements.
Tools to improve quality of
training.
Skills acquired may be
transferable.

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Competency Based Training


Why Move Towards
Cabin Crew Competency-based Training?
 Ensure cabin crew
members are proficient to
perform duties &
responsibilities.
 Establish international
baseline for cabin crew
competencies.


Encompasses safety,
security and emergency
training

Competency Based Training


Competency-based Training & Assessment
 Competency-based approaches
characterized by:
Emphasis on job performance
Knowledge & skills required to perform
on the job
 Competency-based training aims at
progressively building and integrating
knowledge and skills required for
competency job performance.


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Competency Based Training




Competency-based Training &


Assessment.( Contd)

Competency based assessments aim at


measuring how well competencies
necessary for the job are.
 Demonstrated to specified performance
standards.


Crew In Charge Training




Since 1990s, some States introduced initial training for


Crew In Charge to enable them to carry out specific tasks
during normal, abnormal and emergency situations
effectively.
The training includes the coordination with flight and cabin
crew, the management of the cabin, interface with other
personnel (e.g. ground crew) and administrative tasks
related to the cabin operations.
New ICAO Doc 10002 recommends Crew In Charge to
receive both initial and periodic training.

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Cabin Safety Training Devices


 Many States approve Cabin Safety training devices (e.g.

cabin mock up, emergency exits, fire fighting training


facilities).

This is to enhance Cabin Crew training by providing an


accurate representation of :
(a) Cabin Crew and passenger seat location,
dimension and seat pitch.

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Cabin Safety Training Devices


(b) emergency equipment and its location in
the aircraft.
(c) extent of movement and the required
associated force for the exits and
equipment.
(d) Markings and lightings of the aircraft
cabin.

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Cabin Safety Training Devices


(e) Communications equipment and
associated control panels.
(f) Evacuation slides, including normal and
standby methods of operation.
(g) Height and angle of inflated evacuation
slides.


New ICAO Doc 10002 provides guidance for


States to approve/accept Training devices.

Trainee to Instructor Ratio




New ICAO Doc 10002 recommends the following:


Computer Based Training
Classroom environment
Practical Instructions

30: 1
20 : 1
10: 1*

* Individual hands-on exercises on safety and


emergency equipment versus group simulated
exercises may prompt an adjustment of the
proposed trainee to instructor ratio.

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SMS Training


Requirements for SMS training for Cabin


Crew is also being addressed in Doc 10002.

Training in SMS is defined as training which


focuses on the role that the individual cabin
crew members play within the operators
SMS and how their contributions fit in the
bigger picture of safety management at the
overarching organizational level.

SMS Training


During training, cabin crew should be


shown how to fill in a hazard report (or an
occurrence report) and submit it to
management. If the operator has specific
forms for different types of hazards or
occurrences, all the different forms should
be covered during training.

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5/23/2014

First ICAO Regional Workshop on


Cabin Crew Safety Training
Manual in Asia
Singapore Aviation Academy
23 to 25 July 2014

New Challenges for Cabin


Crew Training

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DNA of Cabin Crew


When marching to the beat of the
drum.

CABIN
CREW

New Challenges
Next Generation of Aviation Professionals
 Strawberry Generation Expensive, nice to look at, but
very easily bruised.


High Expectations Good theoretical knowledge due to


information technology. Believe their theoretical
knowledge can solve the worlds problem with minimum
effort and maximum effect.

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New Challenges
Next Generation of Aviation Professionals


Demanding From Day 1, expects a high salary and be


assigned with heavy responsibilities. They believe they
can solve the world s problem.

Sensitive - Cannot accept criticism and would give up


easily once they meet an obstacle.

New Challenges
Next Generation of Aviation Professionals






Loves Technology and want to use it.


Strangely most of them still prefers hard copy of Cabin
Crew Safety Manual during training.
A combination of self paced learning, classroom learning
and hands on learning is recommended.
Have short attention span. More practical training should
be provided for retention of information.
Use realistic practical training scenario.

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New Challenges
Competency Based Training Vs
Minimum Operating Experience


Some countries require a Crew In Charge to have a


minimum operating experience of one year.

ICAO does not provide any guideline for the minimum


operating experience of a Crew In Charge.

With the introduction of competency based training, the


need for minimum operating experience is now
debateable.

Competency Based Training Vs


Minimum Operating Experience
Regardless of the quality of training being provided, a
minimum operating experience is required particularly for
the Crew In Charge. This minimum experience should be
subject to the complexity of the aircraft operations. It cannot
be a one size fits all requirement. Had I only have one year
of operating experience as mandated by many countries, I
doubt I could have handle the situation as competently as I
did in this particular incident.
Michael Von Reth
Customer Service Manager
A-380 QANTAS

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5/23/2014

New Challenges
Licensing of Cabin Crew


ICAO Annex 1 does not require Cabin Crew to be licensed


but many countries license their Cabin Crew and this trend
is increasing.

The New ICAO Document 1002 provides some guidelines


on cabin crew qualifications.

If a State licences its Cabin Crew, the licensing process is


must not be merely a paper exercise but should incorporate
changes to address the training and competency of Cabin
Crew.

Final Thoughts








No two accidents are identical.


The relentless, thorough and repetitive training on
emergency procedures can provide only the tools,
not the solution for crew to handle an emergency.
No amount of training can cover each particular
situation.
Prepare to expect the unexpected.
There are no text book procedures on how to react
and respond to each and every situation.
The greatest challenge in Training is to produce
Cabin Crew who can to think on their feet, perform
as required in a positive, confident and calm
manner during any unexpected situation.

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5/23/2014

Final Words..

Evolution of Cabin Crew Training


- Thank You-

Copyright 2012 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved.

A Division of the Civil Aviation Authority of


Singapore

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