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    What Is Schistosomiasis?

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    Raihana Haifa Sopa
    Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is caused by parasitic worms and affects 249 million people globally. It is especially prevalent in poor communities with unsafe water sources in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in Africa. People become infected when larval forms of the parasite penetrate the skin during contact with freshwater contaminated by parasite eggs from infected human waste. Within weeks, the parasites mature and reside in blood vessels, where females produce eggs that cause inflammatory reactions as they pass through organs. Symptoms range from rashes and fever shortly after infection to organ damage over years from repeated infections.

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    What Is Schistosomiasis?

    Uploaded by

    Raihana Haifa Sopa
    37 views6 pages
    Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is caused by parasitic worms and affects 249 million people globally. It is especially prevalent in poor communities with unsafe water sources in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in Africa. People become infected when larval forms of the parasite penetrate the skin during contact with freshwater contaminated by parasite eggs from infected human waste. Within weeks, the parasites mature and reside in blood vessels, where females produce eggs that cause inflammatory reactions as they pass through organs. Symptoms range from rashes and fever shortly after infection to organ damage over years from repeated infections.

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    Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is caused by parasitic worms and affects 249 million people globally. It is especially prevalent in poor communities with unsafe water sources in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in Africa. People become infected when larval forms of the parasite penetrate the skin during contact with freshwater contaminated by parasite eggs from infected human waste. Within weeks, the parasites mature and reside in blood vessels, where females produce eggs that cause inflammatory reactions as they pass through organs. Symptoms range from rashes and fever shortly after infection to organ damage over years from repeated infections.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views6 pages

    What Is Schistosomiasis?

    Uploaded by

    Raihana Haifa Sopa
    Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is caused by parasitic worms and affects 249 million people globally. It is especially prevalent in poor communities with unsafe water sources in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in Africa. People become infected when larval forms of the parasite penetrate the skin during contact with freshwater contaminated by parasite eggs from infected human waste. Within weeks, the parasites mature and reside in blood vessels, where females produce eggs that cause inflammatory reactions as they pass through organs. Symptoms range from rashes and fever shortly after infection to organ damage over years from repeated infections.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Konsep:

    Sasaran: traveler
    Konten:
    - Definisi: pt
    - Epidemiologi: pt, insert picture
    - Patofisiologi
    - Faktor risiko: pt
    - Life cycle of S: morfologi: pt
    - Gejala klinis: pt, insert picture
    - Pencegahan: pt
    - Tagline: RAGIEL
    Materials:
    - Backsound
    - Narrator
    - Some pictures
    Definisi:

    What is schistosomiasis?
    Narrator: Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is a disease caused by
    parasitic worms. Banyak jenis Schistosoma. Infection with Schistosoma
    mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum causes illness in humans; less
    commonly, S. mekongi and S. intercalatum can cause disease.
    Pt:
    -

    also known as snail fever


    caused by parasitic worms
    Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum causes
    illness in humans

    Source:

    Epidemiologi:
    Distibution:

    sources: journal

    At least 249 million people required treatment for


    schistosomiasis in 2013

    While the actual number of people treated in 2012 was only 42.1 million.

    Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas


    Schistosomiasis is especially prevalent in poor communities with unsafe
    safe drinking-water sources and inadequate sanitation.
    It is estimated that at least 90% of those requiring treatment for
    schistosomiasis live in Africa.

    Source:

    Patofisiologi:
    Source:

    Infection occurs from exposure to infested freshwater

    People can become infected during routine agricultural, domestic,


    occupational and recreational activities which expose them to infested
    freshwater sources.

    Larval forms of schistosomiasis are released by snails

    People become infected when larval forms of the parasite released by


    freshwater snails penetrate the skin during contact with infested water

    Life Cycle

    Narrator: Freshwater becomes contaminated by Schistosoma eggs


    when infected people urinate or defecate in the water. The eggs
    hatch, and if certain types of freshwater snails are present in the
    water, the parasites develop and multiply inside the snails. The
    parasite leaves the snail and enters the water where it can survive
    for about 48 hours. Schistosoma parasites can penetrate the skin of
    persons who are wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in
    contaminated water. Within several weeks, parasite mature into
    adult worms, residing in the blood vessels of the body where the
    females produce eggs. Some of the eggs travel to the bladder or
    intestine and are passed into the urine or stool.

    Eggs are eliminated with feces or urine


    . Under optimal conditions
    the eggs hatch and release miracidia
    , which swim and penetrate
    specific snail intermediate hosts
    . The stages in the snail include 2
    generations of sporocysts
    and the production of cercariae
    .
    Upon release from the snail, the infective cercariae swim, penetrate
    the skin of the human host
    , and shed their forked tail, becoming
    schistosomulae
    . The schistosomulae migrate through several
    tissues and stages to their residence in the veins ( ,
    ). Adult
    worms in humans reside in the mesenteric venules in various
    locations, which at times seem to be specific for each species
    .
    For instance, S. japonicum is more frequently found in the superior
    mesenteric veins draining the small intestine
    , and S. mansoni
    occurs more often in the superior mesenteric veins draining the
    large intestine
    . However, both species can occupy either location,
    and they are capable of moving between sites, so it is not possible
    to state unequivocally that one species only occurs in one location.
    S. haematobium most often occurs in the venous plexus of bladder
    , but it can also be found in the rectal venules. The females (size
    7 to 20 mm; males slightly smaller) deposit eggs in the small
    venules of the portal and perivesical systems. The eggs are moved
    progressively toward the lumen of the intestine (S. mansoni and S.

    japonicum) and of the bladder and ureters (S. haematobium), and


    are eliminated with feces or urine, respectively
    . Pathology of S.
    mansoni and S. japonicum schistosomiasis includes: Katayama
    fever, hepatic perisinusoidal egg granulomas, Symmers pipe stem
    periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension, and occasional embolic egg
    granulomas in brain or spinal cord. Pathology of S. haematobium
    schistosomiasis includes: hematuria, scarring, calcification,
    squamous cell carcinoma, and occasional embolic egg granulomas in
    brain or spinal cord.

    What are the signs and symptoms of schistosomiasis?


    Within days after becoming infected, you may develop a rash or
    itchy skin. Fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches can begin within
    1-2 months of infection. Most people have no symptoms at this
    early phase of infection.
    When adult worms are present, the eggs that are produced usually
    travel to the intestine, liver or bladder, causing inflammation or
    scarring. Children who are repeatedly infected can develop anemia,
    malnutrition, and learning difficulties. After years of infection, the
    parasite can also damage the liver, intestine, lungs, and bladder.
    Rarely, eggs are found in the brain or spinal cord and can cause
    seizures, paralysis, or spinal cord inflammation.

    Symptoms of schistosomiasis are caused by the body's reaction to


    the eggs produced by worms, not by the worms themselves.
    Faktor resiko :
    Anak anak

    traveler

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