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01 CA (Organization&Architecture)

This document provides an introduction to the course CS353 - Computer Architecture. It defines the key differences between a computer's architecture and organization. The architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization describes hardware implementation details. It also discusses the relationship between architecture and organization, how they influence each other, and how different versions can share an architecture but have varying organizations. Finally, it outlines the basic structure, functions, and operations of a computer on a high level.

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63 views18 pages

01 CA (Organization&Architecture)

This document provides an introduction to the course CS353 - Computer Architecture. It defines the key differences between a computer's architecture and organization. The architecture refers to attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets, while organization describes hardware implementation details. It also discusses the relationship between architecture and organization, how they influence each other, and how different versions can share an architecture but have varying organizations. Finally, it outlines the basic structure, functions, and operations of a computer on a high level.

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Ch Aqib Javed
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Introduction

CS353 Computer Architecture

Najeeb-Ur-Rehman
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Faculty of Computing & IT
University of Gujrat

Architecture
Architecture is those attributes visible to the
programmer.
For example logical Attributes such as:
Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, memory addressing
techniques.
e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?

Organization
Organization is how features are implemented
These include hardware details such as:
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
Organizational decision is : Is there a hardware
multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
The above decision may be implemented using
analysis of usage of mult instruction.

Architecture & Organization


Differentiation between organization and architecture is
an important one.
All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture
The IBM System/370 family share the same basic
architecture
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards

Organization differs between different versions


Changes in technology influence organization, and also
result in powerful new architectures.

Architecture & Organization


Organizational and Architectural design
decisions are inter-related.
The interplay between organizational and
architectural design decisions have resulted in
RISC and CISC types of architectures.

Structure & Function


Structure is the way in which components relate
to each other
Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure

Function
All computer functions are:
Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control

Functional view
Functional view of a computer
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Movement
Apparatus

Control
Mechanism

Data
Processing
Facility

Operations (1)
Data movement
e.g. keyboard to screen

Data
Movement
Apparatus

Data
Storage
Facility
Control
Mechanism

Data
Processing
Facility

Operations (2)
Storage
e.g. Internet download to disk

Data
Movement
Apparatus

Data
Storage
Facility

Control
Mechanism

Data
Processing
Facility

Operation (3)
Processing from/to storage
e.g. updating bank statement

Data
Movement
Apparatus

Data
Storage
Facility

Control
Mechanism

Data
Processing
Facility

Operation (4)
Processing from storage to I/O
e.g. printing a bank statement

Data
Movement
Apparatus

Data
Storage
Facility

Control
Mechanism

Data
Processing
Facility

Structure - Top Level

Peripherals

Computer
Central
Processing
Unit

Computer

Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines

Main
Memory

Structure - The CPU


CPU
Computer

Arithmetic
and
Logic Unit

Registers

I/O
System
Bus
Memory

CPU

Internal CPU
Interconnection

Control
Unit

Structure - The Control Unit


Control Unit
CPU

Sequencing
Logic

ALU
Internal
Bus
Registers

Control
Unit

Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory

Internet Resources
- Web site for book
http://www.shore.net/~ws/COA5e.html
links to sites of interest
links to sites for courses that use the book
errata list for book
information on other books by W. Stallings

Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for
WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
CPU Info Center
ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
Intel Technology Journal
Manufacturers sites
Intel, IBM, etc.

Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups
comp.arch
comp.arch.arithmetic
comp.arch.storage

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