GROUP STUDY FIBER OPTICS

1. What is the frequency of an LED at 1.9eV?

a. 459 GHz
b. 645 GHz
c. 337 THz
d. 459 THz
2. An absorption loss caused by valence electrons in the silica material from
which the fibers are manufactured.
a. Modal dispersion
b. Infrared
c. Ultraviolet
d. Ion
Resonance
3. The wavelength of lights are very short and can be measured in terms of
a. Millimeter
b. angstrom
c. meter
d.
centimeter
4. What is the refractive index of air?
a. 0.14
b. 0.25
c. 1
d. 2
5. The LED requires _____ bias in order to illuminate
a. Reverse
b. zero
c. forward
d. fixed
6. Calculate the critical angle of incidence between 2 substances with different
refractive indices where n1 = 1.5 and n2 = 1.46.
a. 74.9 degrees
b. 75.6 degrees
c. 79.9 degrees
d.
76.7 degrees
7. It is a type of fiber optic cable wherein an index changes from the core to the
cladding.
a. Step index
b. single mode
c. graded index
d. multimode
8. That dielectric material of an optical fiber surrounding the core.
a. Shield
b. Cover
c. Armor
d. Cladding
9. Which of the following is not an advantage of a fiber optic cable?
a. Bandwidth
b. weight
c. mobility
d. crosstalk
10.Referred to as a light source of fiber optic cable which supplies a power level
of 5 to 7 mw and having a narrow spectrum of emission.
a. Photodiode
b. Crystal diode
c. ILD
d. LED
11.What do you call the loss in signal power as the light travels down the fiber?
a. Bending
b. scattering
c. attenuation
d.
propagation
12.Which of the following describes the light gathering capabilities of a fiber?
a. Dispersion
b. diffraction index c. refractive index d. numerical
aperture
13.A type of fiber loss due to the small surface irregularities in the cladding
which causes the light to be reflected at angles where there is no further
reflections.
a. Microbend
b. macrobend
c. scattering
d.
absorption
14.Calculate the energy of the photon of infrared light energy at 1.55 um.
a. 1.9 x 10exp-14 Jb. 1.22 x 10exp-16 J
c. 1.28 x 10exp-19 J
d. 1.6
x 10 exp-19 J
15.The most common device used as a light detector in fiber optic
communication system.
a. LED
b. darlington phototransistor
c. APD
d. PIN
diode

16.A law that states the relationship between incident and refracted rays.
a. Tyndall effect
b. Snells Law
c. Dopplers Law
d. Keplers
Law
17.Which of the following is not considered as one of the causes for the loss of
signal power as light travels through the optic fiber?
a. Intermodulation b. Scattering
c. Absorption
d. Fiber
Bending
18.One of the following is not among the type of fiber optic cables used in
electronic communications.
a. Single mode
b. step index
c. semi graded
d. graded
index
19.The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material.
a. Permittivity
b. dielectric constant
c. refractive index d.
velocity factor
20.The European standard for high data rate transmission of signals in fiber optic
communications.
a. SONET
b. PDH
c. STS-1
d.
SDH
21.Which of the following is not used as one of the technologies for fiber optics
LAN?
a. FDDI
b. Ethernet
c. SONET
d. GigE
22.This takes place when light strikes a surface and is converted into heat
through an exchange of energy with the atoms of the surface.
a. Diffraction
b. absorption
c. scattering
d.
dispersion
23.Type of fiber that has the highest modal dispersion.
a. Graded index mode
c. graded index multimode
b. Step index multimode
d. step index single mode
24.Proposed the use of clad glass fiber as a dielectric waveguide.
a. Karpon and Bockham
c. Bockham and Kao
b. Kao and Keck
d. Karpon and Keck
25.It is made from semiconductor material such as Aluminim-gallium-arsenide or
gallium-arsenide-phosphide.
a. APD
b. LED
c. ILD
d. PIN diode
26.FDDI stands for:
a. Fiber Digital Data Interface
c. Fiber Distribution Delay Interface
b. Fiber Distributed Data Interface
d. Frequency-Division Data Interface
27. SONET stands for:
a. Simple Optical Network
c. Synchronous Optical Network
b. Standard Optical Network
d. none of the above
28.DWDM stands for:
a. Digital Wavelength-Division Modulation
b. Dense Wavelength-Division Modulation
c. Double Wavelength-Division Modulation
d. Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
29. A Soliton is a:
a. defect in the glass
c. type of pulse
b. type of particle
d. type of optical network

30.OTDR stands for:

a. Optical Time-Delay Response
c. Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer
b. Optical Timing Delay Requirement d. Optical Time-Division Relay
31. SDH stands for ____________________.
a. Symmetric Data Hierarchy
c. Symmetric Digital Hierarchy
b. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
d. Synchronous Data Hierarchy
32.An incident ray can be defined as
a. A light ray reflected from a flat surface c. A diffused light ray
b. A light ray directed toward a surface d. A light ray that happens periodically
33.The term dispersion describes the process of
a. separating light into its component frequencies
b. reflecting light from a smooth surface
c. the process by which light is absorbed by an uneven rough surface
d. light scattering
34.Which of the following terms describes the reason that light is refracted at
different angles?
a. Photon energy changes with wavelength
b. Light is refracted as a function of surface smoothness
c. The angle is determined partly by a and b
d. The angle is determined by the index of the materials
35.The term critical angle describes
a. the point at which light is refracted
b. the point at which light becomes invisible
c. the point at which light has gone from the refractive mode to the reflective
mode
d. the point at which light has crossed the boundary layers from one index to
another
36.The cladding which surrounds the fiber core
a. is used to reduce optical interference
b. is used to protect the fiber
c. acts to help guide the light in the core
d. ensures that the refractive index remains constant
37.The terms single mode and multimode are best described as
a. The number of fibers placed into a fiber-optic cable
b. The number of voice channels each fiber can support
c. The number of wavelengths each fiber can support
d. The index number
38.The higher the index number
a. The higher the speed of light
b. The lower the speed of light
c. Has no effect on the speed of light
d. The shorter the wavelength propagation
39.The three major groups in the optical system are
a. The components, the data rate and response time
b. The source, the link, and the receiver
c. The transmitter, the cable, and the receiver
d. The source, the link, and the detector
40.The abrupt change in refractive index from core to cladding of fiber-optic
cable is called the

a. Total internal reflection b. Numerical aperture

c. Dispersion d. Step
index
41.A technique that is used to minimize the pulse dispersion effect is to
a. Use a higher frequency light source
c. Minimize the core diameter
b. Use plastic cladding
d. All the above
42.Which is not an important characteristic of a light detector?
a. Responsitivity
b. Dark current
c. Power consumption d. Response
speed
43.The dispersion of light in fiber-optic cable caused by a portion of the light
energy traveling in the cladding is called
a. Modal dispersion
b. Material dispersion
c. Waveguide dispersion d.
Cable dispersion
44.Which of the following considerations is important when deciding between
using a diode laser or an LED?
a. Response time
b. Power levels
c. Temperature sensitivity d.
Failure characteristics
45.It is the central part of the optical communication system
a. Light Source
b. Optical Fiber
c. Photodetector
d.
none of the above
46.The light energy that is always emitted or absorbed in discrete units
a. Light Ray
b. Boson
c. Quanta
d. Light
47.The theory which states that when visible light or high-frequency
electromagnetic radiation illuminates a metallic surface, electrons are
emitted.
a. Photoelectric effect b. Plancks law
c. Photoemission effect
d. Ray
Theory of light
48.A phenomenon in optical fiber communication system that is caused by the
difference in the propagation times of light rays that take different paths
down the fiber.
a. Pulse spreading
b. Wavelength distortion c. Rayleigh scattering d.
Microbending
49.Given the energy level of 6.624x10-18 J imparted to an electron stream by an
X-ray device, calculate the frequency in MHz
a. 1010 MHz
b. 1011 MHz
c. 1012 MHz
d. 109 MHz
50.Which of the following is not a common application of fiber-optic cable?
a. Closed circuit TV
b. Consumer network
c. Long - distance telephone
systems d. Consumer TV
51.Total internal reflection takes place if the light ray strikes the interface at an
angle with what relationship to the critical angle?
a. Less than
b. Greater than
c. Equal to
d. Zero
52.The operation of a fiber-optic cable is based on the principle of
a. Refraction
b. Reflection
c. Dispersion
Absorption
53.Which of the following is not a common type of fiber-optic cable?
a. Single - mode step - index
b. Multimode graded - index

d.

c. Single - mode grade - index

d. Multimode step - index

54.Cable attenuation is usually expressed in terms of

a. Loss per foot b. dB/km
c. Intensity per mile
inch

d. Voltage drop per

55.Which cable length has the highest attenuation?

a. 1 km
b. 2 km
c. 95 ft

d. 500 ft

56.The upper pulse rate and information-carrying capacity of a cable is limited

by
a. Pulse shortening
b. Attenuation
c. Light leakage
d.
Modal dispersion
57.The core of a fiber-optic cable is made of
a. Air
b. Glass
c. Diamond

d. Quartz

58.The core of a fiber-optic cable is surrounded by

a. Wire braid shield b. Kevlar
c. Cladding

d. Plastic insulation

59.The speed of light in plastic compared to the speed of light in air is

a. Less
b. More
c. The same
d. Zero

60.Which of the following is not a major benefit of fiber-optic cable?

a. Immunity from interference
b. Excellent data security
c. No electrical safety problems
d. Lower cost
61.The main benefit of light-wave communications over microwaves or any other
communications media are
a. Lower cost
b. Better security c. Wider bandwidth
d. Freedom from
interference
62.Which of the following is not part of the optical spectrum
a. Infrared
b. Ultraviolet
c. Visible color
rays
63.The wavelength of visible light extends from
a. 0.8 to 1.6 m b. 400 to 750 nm c. 200 to 600 nm
64.The speed of light is
a. 180,000 mi/h
b. 300,000 mi/h
300,000,000 m/s
65.Refraction is the
a. Bending of light waves
c. Distortion of light waves

d. X-

d. 700 to 1200 nm

c. 300,000 m/s

d.

b. Reflection of light waves

d. Diffusion of light waves

66.The ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in another substance
is called the
a. Speed factor b. Index of reflection
c. Index of refraction
d. Speed
gain
67.Which type of fiber-optic cable is the most widely used?
a. Single - mode step - index
b. Multimode step-index
c. Single - mode graded - index
d. Multimode graded - index
68.Which type of fiber-optic cable is best for very high speed data?
a. Single - mode step - index
b. Multimode step-index
c. Single - mode graded - index
d. Multimode graded - index
69.Which type of fiber-optic cable has the least modal dispersion?
a. Single - mode step - index
b. Multimode step-index
c. Single - mode graded - index
d. Multimode graded index
70.Which of the following is not a factor in cable light loss?
a. Reflection
b. Absorption
c. Scattering

d. Dispersion

71.A distance of 8 km is the same as

a. 2.5 mi
b. 5 mi

d. 12.9 mi

c. 8 mi

72.A fiber-optic cable has a loss of 15 db/km. The attenuation in a cable 1000ft
long is
a. 4.57 dB
b. 9.3 dB
c. 24 dB
d. 49.2 dB
73.Fiber-optic with attenuations of 1.8, 3.4, 5.9 and 18 dB are linked together.
The total loss is
a. 7.5 dB
b. 19.8 dB
c. 29.1 dB d. 650 dB
74.Which light emitter is preferred for high-speed data in a fiber-optic system?
a. Incandescent
b. LED
c. Neon
d. Laser
75.Most fiber-optic light sources emit light in which spectrum?
a. Visible
b. Infrared
c. Ultraviolet
d. X- ray
76.Both LEDs and ILDs operate correctly with
a. Forward bias b. Reverse bias
c. Neither a or b

d. Either a or b

77.Single-frequency light is called

a. Pure
b. Intense
c. Coherent

d. Monochromatic

78.Laser light is very bright because it is

a. Pure
b. White
c. Coherent

d. Monochromatic

79.Which of the following is not a common detector?

a. PIN diode
b. Photovoltaic diode
c. Photodiode
Avalanche photodiode

d.

80.Which of the following is the fastest light sensor?

a. PIN diode
b. Photovoltaic diode
c. Phototransistor d. Avalanche
photodiode
81.Photodiodes operate properly with
a. Forward bias b. Reverse bias

c. Neither a or b

d. Either a or b

82.The product of the bit rate and distance of a fiber-optic system is 2Gbitskm/s. What is the maximum rate at 5 km?
a. 100 Mbits/s b. 200 Mbits/s
c. 400 Mbits/s
d. 1000
Mbits/s
83.Which fiber-optic system is better?
a. 3 repeaters b. 8 repeaters
repeaters

c. 11 repeaters

d. 20

84.A single fiber can handle as many voice channel as

a. a pair of copper conductors
b. a 1500-pair cable
c. a 500-pair cable
d. a 1000-pair cable
85.An incident ray can be defined as
a. a light ray reflected from a flat surface b. a light ray directed toward a surface
c. a diffused light ray
d. a light ray that happens periodically
86.The term dispersion describes the process of
a. separating light into its component frequencies
b. reflecting light from a smooth surface
c. the process by which light is absorbed by an uneven rough surface
d. light scattering
87.Which of the following terms describes the reason that light is refracted at
different angles?
a. Photon energy changes with wavelength
b. Light is refracted as a function of surface smoothness
c. The angle is determined partly by a and b
d. The angle is determined by the index of the materials
88.The term critical angle describes
a. the point at which light is refracted
b. the point at which light becomes invisible
c. the point at which light has gone from the refractive mode to the reflective
mode
d. the point at which light has crossed the boundary layers from one index to
another
89.The cladding which surrounds the fiber core
a. is used to reduce optical interference
b. is used to protect the fiber

c. acts to help guide the light in the core

d. ensures that the refractive index remains constant
90.The reflective index number is
a. a number which compares the transparency of a material with that of air
b. a number assigned by the manufacturer to the fiber in question
c. a number which determines the core diameter
d. a term for describing core elasticity
91.The terms single mode and multimode are best describes as
a. the number of fibers placed into a fiber-optic cable
b. the number of voice channels each fiber can support
c. the number of wavelengths each fiber can support
d. the index number
92.The higher the index number
a. the higher the speed of light
b. the lower the speed of light
c. has no effect on the speed of light
d. the shorter the wavelength propagation
93.The three major groups in the optical system are
a. the components, the data rate and response time
b. the source, the link, and the receiver
c. the transmitter, the cable, and the receiver
d. the source, the link, and the detector
94.The loss (attenuation) of signal in optical fiber is due to
a. Scattering
b. Absorption
c. Macrobending
d. All the above
95.Calculate the optical power 100 km from a 0.5 mW source on a single mode
fiber that has 0.10 dB per km loss.
a. 50 nW
b. 500 nW
c. 5 W
d. 50 W
96.The dispersion in fiber optics is termed
a. Modal
b. Chromatic
c. Polarization mode
above

d. All the

97.Fiber optic connections suffer high loss due to

a. Air gaps
b. Axial misalignment
c. Angular misalignment d. All
the above
98.Fiber optic technology is used in applications of
a. Local area networks (LANs)
b. Cable TV (CATV) systems
c. Telephone networks
d. All the above
99.The dispersion of light in fiber-optic cable caused by a portion of the light
energy traveling in the cladding is called

a. Modal dispersion
d. Cable dispersion

b. Material dispersion

c. Waveguide dispersion

100.
The inner core of an optical fiber is _____ in composition.
a. Glass or plastic
b. Copper
c. Bimetalic
d. Liquid