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Lecture08 PhysicalMedia PDF

This document discusses different physical media used for computer networks including twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. It describes key characteristics of each medium such as bandwidth capabilities and maximum transmission distances. Twisted pair cables are noted as the most common physical medium due to their low cost and wide use in short distance connections. The document also reviews other network communication technologies including wireless links, cable modems, satellites, and infrared transmission.

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48 views23 pages

Lecture08 PhysicalMedia PDF

This document discusses different physical media used for computer networks including twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. It describes key characteristics of each medium such as bandwidth capabilities and maximum transmission distances. Twisted pair cables are noted as the most common physical medium due to their low cost and wide use in short distance connections. The document also reviews other network communication technologies including wireless links, cable modems, satellites, and infrared transmission.

Uploaded by

vnmvnm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Physical Media
Cables:
- same room / same building
CAT - 3
insulated wires twisted
TP together -5-10 twists/cm
CAT - 5
Bandwidths 10-100Mbps, distance 100m

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Physical Media

ThinNet coax: (10 100 Mbps, 200m)


ThickNet coax: (10 100 Mbps, 500m)
Multimode fibre: (100 Mbps, 2km)
Single mode fibre: (100 2400 Mbps,
40km)

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Twisted Pair
Twisted pair: oldest, most common.
On line connection two insulated wires
typically 1 mm thick.
Wires are twisted together.
reduce EMI from similar pair

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Twisted Pair
Bandwidth:
64 Kbps 4 Mbps long distances (2 5 km)
10 Mbps 100 Mbps short distances 100 m
10 m

Twist length
Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Twisted pair
Most important:
widely used
low cost

UTP (Unshielded Twisted pair):


CAT5
Two insulated wires twisted together four such pairs grouped
together- for protection eight wires together.

CAT6
more twists / connection less cross talk better signal quality
over
long distances.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Coaxial Cable

core
Insulator

Braided outer
conductor

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Protective shield

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Coaxial Cable
High band width (450 Mbps possible)
Excellent noise immunity
coaxial cable used in telephone replaced by
fibre

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Cable based Communication


Two frequencies one inband another out
of band
HE

c1

HE

c2

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Fibre
light source, transmission media and
detector
presence of light 1
absence of light 0
enormous BW potential 10 5 G b / s
light source: LED, laser

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Fibre
Transmission medium
Ultra thin fibre glass

Detector:
generate an electrical pulse when light falls in
it.
detector
Light
source

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

medium
Unidirectional
Transmission

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Fibre
Glass or plastic core
Laser / LED source
Specially designed jacket
Single mode vs multimode diagram.
comparable wavelength
fibre acts as a wave guide

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Fibre
multimode: 5 dB / km
single mode 0.2 2 dB / km
Detector photo diode gives if an
electrical pulse when struck b,
light response time of diode limits BW!

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Fibre
jacket

core

cladding

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Transmission through Fibre


air/silica boundary

2
3
Total internal reflection

multimode
each different angle
Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Transmission through Fibre

single mode fibres no boundary


Behave like wave guides

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

To/from computer
Revr

refer

Trans

upper view
Active repeater
Passive repeater
R
X
Fused to main fibre

If they do not work do not disconnect the network.


Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Fibre Optic Networks

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Attenuation Characteristics of
different Physical Media
2 gauge
twisted pair
3
2

Attenuation
(dB/km)

3/8
coaxial cable

fibre

0.3

1KHZ 1MHZ 1GHZ 1THZ

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

1000THZ

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Communication Scenario
subs premise

CO

16 Kbps 640 Kbps


Local loop
STS-N

CO
Over fiber

subs premise

ADSL
VDSL

subs premise

copper
(1000 4000 ft)

CO
radio
Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Cable Modems
40 Million TVs with cable in India
35 Million telephones

Future may be Cable Modems

unidirectional Cable
bidirectional - expensive HW to make it
also noise problem
might be the future.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Wireless Links
Cellular phones
System of towers for transmission (high power
transmitters)
100 MW one cell phone

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Communcation Scenario
Low orbit satellites
L band
S band
Ka band

infrared
keyboard to machine within building 10m
Bluetooh - radio interface
eliminate wires in offices
Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Computer Networks

Prof. Hema A Murthy

Communication Scenario

Comp

Modem

Coder

Coder

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Trans

Modem

Comp

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