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Activity 5 SLN

This document summarizes a study to maximize traffic flow rate on a road with a speed limit. It: 1) Models vehicle stop distance and time difference between vehicles as quadratic functions of speed using regression analysis. 2) Derives an expression for the minimum time difference T(s) between vehicles as a function of average speed s. 3) Graphs T(s) and estimates a minimum T at s ≈ 9 m/s through visual analysis. 4) Mathematically determines the optimal average speed s* ≈ 9.4 m/s that minimizes time difference between vehicles. 5) Calculates the corresponding minimum stop distance dmin ≈ 16.1 m required at

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18 views4 pages

Activity 5 SLN

This document summarizes a study to maximize traffic flow rate on a road with a speed limit. It: 1) Models vehicle stop distance and time difference between vehicles as quadratic functions of speed using regression analysis. 2) Derives an expression for the minimum time difference T(s) between vehicles as a function of average speed s. 3) Graphs T(s) and estimates a minimum T at s ≈ 9 m/s through visual analysis. 4) Mathematically determines the optimal average speed s* ≈ 9.4 m/s that minimizes time difference between vehicles. 5) Calculates the corresponding minimum stop distance dmin ≈ 16.1 m required at

Uploaded by

Anonymous npZBmz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group Activity 5

May 4, 2016

Objective
Maximizing traffic flow rate on a road subjected to a speed limit.

(a). Data Modeling


Data after unit conversion.
Vehicle Speed s(meter.sec1 )
Stop Distance d(meter)

50/9

100/9

150/9

200/9

250/9

5.1

13.7

27.2

44.2

66.4

Quadratic Regression Analysis,d(s) = as2 + bs + d :


a = 0.07

b = 0.39

c = 0.74

(b). Vehicle Time Difference: T (s)

Figure 1: Point p arrival time difference between vehicle 1 and 2


Vehicle Time Difference T can be interpreted as a wait time a vehicle spends
before entering or exiting the bridge: considering p at the origin as entry and p
at the end as exit of the bridge(see fig. 1).This way the bridge can be treated
as a black box that inputs and outputs vehicles a time interval T .

Let T = T (s) be time difference between two consecutive vehicles,say, 1 and


2.
And, s be the average speed of vehicles on the bridge.Then,the time difference
T (s) can be formulated as:
T = t1 t2
x1
x2
=

v1
v2
1
= (x1 x2 )
s
But,
x1 = d(s) + w + x,

(speed = dsitance/time)
(average speed s is constant)

(fig. 1)

x2 = x

(fig. 1)

= x2 x1 = (d(s) + w + x) (x) = d(s) + w


Hence,
1
(d(s) + w)
s
1
T = (as2 + bs + (c + w))
s
Also,
1
T = (d(s) + w)
s
1
= (as2 + bs + (c + w))
s
1
= (0.07s2 + 0.39s + (0.74 + 5.5))
s
1
= (0.072 + 0.39s + 6.24)
s
T =

(expression for d(s))

(regression results see a)

(c). Graph of T
Computer generated plot of T (see fig.2 below) from data.Visual estimation
shows: Tmin at s 9ms1 .

Figure 2: Graph of T

(d).Optimal: T (s)

T =

1
(as2 + bs + (c + w))
s

(see (b))

Hence,
=

d( 1 (as2 + bs + (c + w)))
dT
= s
ds
ds
d(as2 + bs + (c + w)) 1
d(s1 )
=
+ (as2 + bs + (c + w))
ds
s
ds
as2 (c + w)
=
.
(d.1)
s2

Now, assume that there exists an s > 0, such that Tmin = T (s ).

Then,
dT
|s=s = 0
ds
a(s )2 (c + w)
=0
=
(s )2

(from d.1)

= a(s )2 (c + w) = 0
r
c+w

= s = +

a
Applying data to parameters:
s
s = +

(0.74) + (5.5)
9.4ms1
(0.07)

(e). Optimal: d(s)


The optimal value for d(s) is calculated using optimal speed obtained in section (d).
That is,
dmin = d(s ) = a(s )2 + b(s ) + (c + w)
Applying data to parameters:
dmin = (0.07)(9.4)2 + 0.39(9.4) + ((0.74) + (5.5)) 16.1 m

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