4HB0 02 Que 20150508
4HB0 02 Que 20150508
4HB0 02 Que 20150508
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Human Biology
Unit: 4HB0
Paper: 02
Paper Reference
4HB0/02
Total Marks
Instructions
. If you change
and then mark
Information
Advice
P44262A
2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
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B
C
D
(i) Draw an arrow in each of the blood vessels A, B, C and D to show the direction of
blood flow.
(2)
(ii) Give the names of the blood vessels.
(4)
A
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(b) Explain the possible consequences of a high fat diet on the circulatory system.
(2)
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(c) An investigation is carried out to show the effect of adrenaline on arterial blood pressure
and heart rate.
The graphs show the results of the investigation.
180
140
60
100
arterial blood
pressure in mm of
mercury
adrenaline released
10
15
20
25
time in minutes
120
heart rate
in beats per minute
adrenaline released
100
60
80
10
15
20
25
time in minutes
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(i) Describe the effect of adrenaline on arterial blood pressure and heart rate.
(1)
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(ii) During exercise adrenaline is released into the blood and is transported to muscles.
Name the blood component that transports adrenaline to muscles.
(1)
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2 (a) Milk contains fat which can be broken down by the enzyme lipase.
A student uses this method to investigate the effect of temperature on the action
of lipase.
t
t
t
add a solution containing lipase to equal volumes of milk in four different test tubes
incubate each test tube at different temperatures for 20 minutes
record the pH of each milk solution every two minutes
The table shows the change in the pH of the milk and lipase solution, at each temperature,
over the 20-minute period.
Time in minutes
10
12
Temperature
in C
30
pH9
pH9
pH9
pH9
pH9
40
pH9
pH8
pH7
pH7
50
pH9
pH9
pH9
60
pH9
pH9
pH9
14
16
18
20
pH8
pH8
pH7
pH6
pH6
pH6
pH6
pH6
pH6
pH6
pH6
pH9
pH8
pH8
pH7
pH7
pH7
pH6
pH9
pH9
pH9
pH9
pH9
pH9
pH9
(ii) Explain why the results at 30 C are different from the results at 40 C.
(2)
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(iii) Explain why the results at 60 C are different from the results at 40 C.
(2)
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(iv) State one way that measurements of pH might have been taken during
the investigation.
(1)
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(v) Explain why the results of the investigation would differ if bile was added to
the lipase and milk solution at the beginning of the investigation.
(3)
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(b) Describe how the structure of the small intestine helps absorption of the products
of fat digestion.
(3)
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3 (a) The diagram shows the bases in one strand of a DNA molecule that represents
part of a gene for normal vision.
genetic
code for
normal
vision
(i) Complete the second strand of the DNA molecule by writing the
complementary bases in the boxes.
(2)
(ii) A mutation in the gene for normal vision can lead to colour blindness.
State how a gene mutation might affect the genetic code in this DNA strand.
(1)
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Female
Male
unaffected
affected
unaffected but carrier
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(b) Before a person is given a blood transfusion their blood group has to be checked.
The table shows the antigens that are present on a persons red blood cells and
the antibodies that are found in their plasma for each blood group.
Blood group
ABO antibodies
in the plasma
nil
A antigen
anti-B
B antigen
anti-A
A and B antigens
nil
AB
Use information from the table to explain why people with blood group O can
donate blood to people of any blood group, but can only receive blood from
group O.
(3)
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11
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5 (a) T-helper cells are a type of white blood cell that have an important role in the
immune response.
The diagram shows two functions of T-helper cells in the immune response.
T-helper cell
stimulates
stimulates
antibody-coated
virus particle
lymphocyte
(ii) State the function of white blood cell X in defending the body from disease.
(1)
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(iv) Use the diagram to help you explain why people suffering from AIDs are more
at risk of becoming ill with common infections such as influenza.
(2)
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(v) HIV attaches to a specific cell membrane protein, known as CD4, found on the
surface of T-helper cells.
Name the part of the T-helper cells that contains the gene for the CD4 protein.
(1)
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(vi) Suggest why a genetic mutation in the gene that codes for CD4 could
reduce the risk of infection by HIV.
(2)
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6 The diagram shows a negative feedback system that controls the volume of water
in the blood.
blood becomes
more concentrated
blood
becomes more
dilute
more hormone X
released
less hormone X
released
less water
reabsorbed
from kidney
tubules
large volume
of dilute urine
more water
reabsorbed from
kidney tubules
small volume of
concentrated urine
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(c) Describe how the negative feedback system shown in the diagram helps to regulate
the concentration of the blood.
(4)
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Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
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