Scribd
Upload
94 views20 pages

01 - System Simulation

This document discusses system simulation and discrete-event simulation. It defines simulation as imitating the operation of a real-world process over time using a computer model. Discrete-event simulation specifically models systems with discrete states and probabilistic elements. The document outlines reasons to use simulation, like when experimenting with the real system is too costly or complex. It also describes common simulation tools and applications in areas like manufacturing, transportation, and service industries.

Uploaded by

Muda Safarandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
94 views20 pages

01 - System Simulation

This document discusses system simulation and discrete-event simulation. It defines simulation as imitating the operation of a real-world process over time using a computer model. Discrete-event simulation specifically models systems with discrete states and probabilistic elements. The document outlines reasons to use simulation, like when experimenting with the real system is too costly or complex. It also describes common simulation tools and applications in areas like manufacturing, transportation, and service industries.

Uploaded by

Muda Safarandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

System Simulation

Modeling and Analysis

Jurusan Teknik Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional

BANDUNG 2013

References

1.

Banks, J., J.S. Carson II, B.L. Nelson, & D.M. Nicol:
Discrete-Event System Simulation, 4th ed., PrenticeHall (2005).

2.

Law, A.M., & W.D. Kelton: Simulation Modeling and


Analysis, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill (2000).

3.

Kelton, W.D., R.P. Sadowski, & D.T. Sturrock:


Simulation with Arena, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill (2004).

System and model

MODEL

SYSTEM

Model types

Based on the purpose of the model:

Descriptive model
Predictive model
Prescriptive (normative) model

Based on the representation method:

Iconic model
Analog model
Symbolic model

What is simulation?
the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or
system over time. [Ref.1]
a computer model to evaluate a model numerically,
and data are gathered in order to estimate the desired
true characteristics of the model. [Ref.2]
a broad collection of methods and applications to mimic
the behavior of real systems, usually on a computer with
appropriate software. [Ref.3]

Simulation model

Simulation model is a descriptive/predictive model.


If simulation model is integrated with best solution
searching procedure, then it will become normative
model.
Alternatives for best solution searching procedure:

Trial and error with intuition


Design of experiment
Metaheuristic optimal searching procedure

Ways to study system

Reason to use simulation model

Its way too costly to experiment with the real


system.
The real system itself doesnt exist.
System complexity that cannot be solved by
analytical model.

Reason to use simulation model


(Example): Queuing System
Simple queuing system, e.g.
- Single queuing line (even with
multiple servers)
- No jockeying
- No balking, no reneging
- Queuing network without complex
feedback
- Poisson process arrival and
service

Use Queuing
Theory!!
(No need to use
simulation)

Reason to use simulation model


(Example): Queuing System
Complex queuing system, e.g.
- Multiple servers with multiple
queuing lines
- Jockeying phenomena
- Customers balking and/or reneging
- Queuing network with complex
rules and feedback
- Complex servers schedule and
downtimes

Use Simulation!!

Simulation as an industrial engineering tool

Simulation has become the most widely


used tool among industrial and systems
engineers. [Turner, et al: Introduction to
Industrial and Systems Engineering, 1993]
Simulation is one of the most widely used
operations-research and managementscience techniques, if not the most widely
used. [Ref.2]

Areas of application

Designing and analyzing manufacturing systems


Evaluating military weapons systems or their logistics
requirements
Determining hardware requirements or protocols for
communications networks
Determining hardware and software requirements for a
computer system
Designing and operating transportation systems such as
airports, freeways, ports, and subways
Evaluating designs for service organizations such as call
centers, fast-food restaurants, hospitals, and post offices
Reengineering of business processes
Determining ordering policies for an inventory system
Analyzing financial or economic systems

Tools for simulation modeling

Manual (simulation by-hand)


Spreadsheet (e.g.: Excel)
General-purpose programming language: (e.g.:
Visual Basic, C/C++, Java, C#)
Simulation software:
Simulation language (e.g.: SIMAN, GPSS,
SLAM)
Simulation package (e.g.: Arena, AweSim/Visual
SLAM, ProModel, Powersim)

Simulation tools for this course

Microsoft Excel with Visual Basic for


Application (VBA) macro
Rockwell Softwares Arena

Classification of Simulation

Based on time role in the model: Static vs.


Dynamic
Based on probabilistic (i.e., random)
contents: Deterministic vs. Stochastic
(Probabilistic)
Based on the state of the system: Discrete
vs. Continuous (see the following explanation of the
state of a system)

State of a System

State of a system: collection of variables necessary


to describe a system at a particular time, relative to
the objectives of a study.
E.g.: in a study of a bank, possible state variables:

the number of busy tellers


the number of customers in the bank

System category based on the system state:

Discrete system vs. Continuous system

State of a System

Discrete-Event Simulation

This course will introduce the fundamental


concept of discrete-event simulation:

Discrete system state


Probabilistic elements

Discrete event simulation is frequently used


in the modeling, analysis, and design of
manufacturing systems and service systems.

Other popular simulation term

Monte Carlo simulation: a static simulation; utilizing


random-number to solve deterministic or probabilistic
system.
System dynamics simulation: a continuous
simulation model (all state variables are assumed or
modeled as continuous), most widely used to study
behavior of complex system where feedbacks occur
among the components.
Agent-based modeling and simulation: a relatively
new approach in simulation modeling, where the
system comprises many interacting entities by some
complex rules of interaction

Organization for Simulation Expertise


and Practicioners

Society on Modeling and Simulation


International (SCS, formerly Society for
Computer Simulation)
Association for Computing
Machinery/Special Interest Group on
Simulation (ACM/SIGSIM)

You might also like