Hawk Roosting
Hawk Roosting
Hawk Roosting
The poem takes the form of a dramatic monologue in which Hughes speaker
the spar
row hawk can be heard expressing his sense of his own superiority. Because he is
a first-comer, he has a strong sense of entitlement to his own way. Hughes spar
row hawk enjoys a complete certainty about his place in Creation; he sits in the
top of the wood , supremely confident (my eyes closed ) that he occupies his rightfu
l place in the natural order of things. The hawk is an utterly uncomplicated cre
ature. The hawk exists for no other reasons than to kill[s] and eat ; what is more,
he is completely at ease with these functions.
In the second quatrain, Hughes' sparrow hawk explains that he is the lord of all
he surveys; consequently, the high trees exist purely and simply for his convenien
ce . So far as the hawk is concerned, every aspect of the natural world has been c
reated for his convenience; each is of advantage to his twin-ambitions of killing
and eating. From his lofty perspective, it looks as if the great globe itself ( th
e earth s face ) is presenting itself for his inspection alone; it seems to the hawk,
perched at an imperious height, that he is holding the entire earth between his
talons ( in my foot ).
He is literally self-centred because he believes that the world revolves around hi
m: indeed, that it does so at his instigation. As a first-comer, he makes no apo
logies for his ruthless behaviour, for the earth, from his literal point of view
, belongs entirely in his possession ( all mine ). It is this primitive way of think
ing which conditions every statement he makes.
During his monologue, Hughes hawk makes an extensive use of first-person pronouns
: he uses I six times and my eleven times, not to mention me twice and mine once. His
sion of the world takes account only of things (eg. high trees , rough bark , sun s ray )
hich serve the purpose of his existence. Nowhere does the hawk express this soli
psistic view more powerfully than in the monosyllabic line I kill where I please
because it is all mine ; in this line, he expresses his absolute delight in pleasi
ng himself even where the pleasure involves killing. It is significant that the
hawk rejects sophistry ; he does not need to argue because he goes about his busine
ss by force. In his world, might is right. He does not need to bother with any k
ind of social etiquette; his oxymoron
My manners are tearing off heads
is ironic a
t the expense of his own savagery. His further assertion that no arguments assert
my right
repeats that he does not need to engage in negotiation or reasoned deba
te with anyone: from his stance on the rough bark , where he is roosting , it looks to
him as if he has a natural right to dominate.
Reinforcing him in this belief are the geographical and meteorological condition
s of his existence: The sun is behind me . The first-person narrator speaks as if t
he sun (upon which the earth itself relies for existence) is both literally and
morally behind him: that is, supporting his utterly selfish way of living. The r
oosting hawk
Nothing has changed since I began
feels justified in this way of livi
ng because it has not altered since the Dawn of Time. It is by the natural law o
f primogeniture that he occupies his position in Creation; he was here first. No
t surprisingly, he envisages no change : because the status quo suits him perfectly
, he is going to keep things like this . This final assertion is so self-assured th
at he sounds as if he is asking the world, What are you going to do about it? Like
an autocratic ruler, he is certain that he can overcome any challenge to his su
premacy. He is a domineering individual with an uncompromising attitude to oppos
ition or resistance.