Design Calculations

PE
Qdwf (m3/d)
p
Peak flow coefficient
Qpeak (m3/d)
BODin (kg/d)
Ssin (kg/d)
TKN

15,000
3375
15
3.4892
11776
843.75
1012.5
50

(PE X 0.225)
PE/1000
4.7 x p^(-0.11)
Qdwf x pfc
(Qdwf x 1000 x 250 mg/L)/1,000,000 kg
(Qdwf x 1000 x 300 mg/L)/1,000,000kg

AERATION TANK
PE
DWF (m3/d)
Pflow (m3/d)

15000
3375
11776

0.039
0.14

6.1 Design Criteria

Influent
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD5)

250

Suspended Solids (SS)

300

Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD)
Total Nitrogen (TN)
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
(AMN)

500
50
30

Total Phosphorus (TP)

Effluent
BOD5

10
Absolute

Design
20
50
120
10
20

SS
COD
AMN
TN
TP

N/A

Operating Temperature
Operating Ph

10
20
60
5
10
N/A
26
7.2

6.2 Process Volume & HRT

Minimum Hydraulic Retention Time = 18-24 hours
Length
Width

28
11

Water Depth
No. tank
Volume provided, V

4.5
2
2772

HRT

19.712

6.3 MLSS
Assume
MLSS
MLVSS, Xv
Solids in aeration tank

Rule of thumb (75%)

V x MLSS

6.4 (F/M) ratio

F/M

BOD load/solids in aeration tank

6.5 Nitrification/Denitrification Requirement

1) Sludge age
c
2.13*EXP(0.098*(T-15))
Safety factor
Sludge Age

3500
2625
9702

0.0869666

6.26
4.05
25.4

2) Mean Hydraulic Retention Time for Oxidation

a
cA(So-Se)/Xv(1+bXdQc)
6.6 Anoxic/Aerobic Volume
Reactor Size
Total Aeration Tank Volume Provided
Anoxic Volume
Anoxic Volume Required
Tank Sizing (Dimension)
No. of basin
Length
Width
Water Depth
Total Anoxic Volume Provided

2189

225

2
9.5
2.7
4.5
230.9

m3/s
m3/s

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Oc

140.625 m3/h

mg/l
mg/l

3.5
kg

d
d
d

m3

m3

(>20, as per MSIG)

Design Calculations
PE
Qdwf (m3/d)
p
Peak flow coefficient
Qpeak (m3/d)
BODin (kg/d)
Ssin (kg/d)
TKN
Nox

10,000
(PE X 0.225)
PE/1000
4.7 x p^(-0.11)
Qdwf x pfc
(Qdwf x 1000 x 250 mg/L)/1,000,000 kg
(Qdwf x 1000 x 300 mg/L)/1,000,000kg

2250 (m3/d)
10
3.4892
7851
562.5
675
50
40

80% of TKN

Wastewater characteristics
Constituent
BOD5
SBOD
TSS
VSS
COD
Scod
VFA as SCOD
TKN
TKN with filtrate returned (+15%)
NH4-N
TP
PO4-P
SVI
Xs
X
BCOD/BOD ratio
Operating Temperature

Concentration (mg/L)
250
80
300
273
500
150
30
50
58
30
10
4

6666 MLSS Concentration i

3500 MLSS Concentration i
1.6
26 C

Required Effluent
BOD5
SS
COD
AMN
TN
TP
O&G
Step 1
Develop wastewater characteristics for process design
BCOD
1.6(BOD)
BPCOD
1.6(BOD-SBOD)

10
20
60
0.5
10
N/A
2

400 mg/L
272 mg/L

PCOD
BPCOD/PCOD
nbVSS
Itss

COD-SCOD
(1-(BPCOD/PCOD))*BOD
TSS(initial)-VSS(initial)

Step 2 Determine SBR operating cycle

Number of tanks
Total Cycle Time
Tc=Tf+Ta+Ts+Td+Ti
Total Fill
Tf=Ta+Ts+Td+Ti
React/Aerate
Ta
Settle
Ts
Decant
Td
Idle time
Ti
No. of cycles/tank.d
Total no. of cycles
x 2 tanks
Vf
Qdwf/Total no. of cycles

350
0.78
55.71
27 mg/L
Assumption
2 tanks
6h
3h
2h
0.5 h
0.5 h
0h
4
8 cycles/d
281.25 m3/fill

Step 3 Determine fill fraction per cycle (VF/VT) allowed and compare to selected design value 0.3
Mass balance based on solids in reactor
Mass of solids at full volume = Mass of settled solids
VtX=VsXs
Determine settled fraction
X/Xs
Vs/Vt
20% x X/Xs

0.525
0.630

Determine fill fraction

Vf/Vt

0.370

Vf (Fill fraction)
Vf/Vt=1.0-Vs/Vt

Step 4 Determine Overall Hydraulic Retention Time ()

Assume
Full liquid depth
Decant depth
Vt
Overall ()

0.3xFLD
(Vf/tank)/Decant design
(No.of tank x Vt x 24 hrs)/Qdwf

Step 5 Determine Sludge Retention Time (SRT)

P(SRT)
V x Xmlss
Develop input data to solve the above relationship for SRT
Assume S = S - S
S
So = BCOD
Q
Qdwf/no.of tanks
NO (nitrogen oxide)
0.80 x TKN

6m
1.8 m
937.5 m3/tank
20 h

3281250 g

400 mg/L
1125 m3/tank.d
40

Referring to Kinetic coefficients

Y
k at 12C
Yn
k,dn at 12C
fd
Long formula (Page 728)
*(1)
Assume SRT
P(SRT) estimate

Step 6 Determine MLVSS

Long formula (Pg 728)
(Px,VSS) SRT
Vt(XmLVSS)
XmLVSS

450
18 d
126086

concentration
Vt(XmLVSS)
(*1 + *2+*3+*4)
Vt(XmLVSS)/Vt

Determine fraction of MLVSS/MLSS

XMLVSS/XMLSS
Step 7
Determine amount of NH4-N oxidized (NOx)
Nitrogen balance
NOx = TKN0 - Ne- 0.12 Px,bio/Q
Px,bio
Items A + B + C (See formula in pg 729)
NOx

0.4 g VSS/g Bcod

0.151838 g/g.d
0.12 g VSS/g Nox
0.101226 g/g.d
0.15 g/g

NOx = TKN0 - Ne- 0.12 Px,bio/Q

1128214 (m3.g/m3)
1203.429 g/m3

0.343837

99849.01 g/d
99.84901 kg/d
38.84944 g/m3

Step 8 Check degree of nitrification to determine NH4-N will be removed to level of 5 g/m3 in 2 hr aer
a) Determine amount of oxidizable N available
Vf(NOx)
10926.4 g/fill
Vs(Ne)
Ne(V-Vf)
328.125 g
Total oxidizable N
24328.13 g
No
Total oxidizable N/Vt
25.95 g/m3
b) Determine reaction time
i. Determine nitrifier concentration
Xn
See formula pg 730
m, 12C
Kn, 12C

35.68236 g/m3
0.436507 g/g.d
0.489559

ii. Determine time for reaction

t
See formula pg 730

c) Determine aeration time

Total aeration time

0.263715 days
6.329153 hour

2 hours of aeration and 3 hours

9. Determine decant pumping rate

Pumping rate
Vf/Decant time

9.375 m3/min

10. Process Oxygen Demand

a) Aeration Equipment Selection
Ro(oxygen
required/tank)

(See formula pg 731)

497459.7 g/d
497.4597 kg/d

Total aeration time

t * number of cycles/day

25.31661 h/day

Avg oxygen
transfer
rate Oxygen
supply
per day/total
aeration
time 19.64954
kg/h
To convert
Oxygen
transfer
capacity
at standard
condition
to operating
condition
N
Actual oxygen transferred
1620 kgO2/day
No
Oxygen transfer at std condition

0.9
Cs
C1

N
S.O.R

Oxygen saturation concentration at ToC of

27
DO level maintained in tank
Ratio oxygen transfer to clear water
N/C158

b) Aeration Requirement
Efficiency diffusers
O2 in air
No. of basin
Standard air flowrate
required

23%
0.277 kgO2/m3
1
S.O.R/(O2 in air * Efficieny*No.of basin)

According to Air Blower

selection, max capacity
No.of blowers required

11) Selection of diffusers

8
2 g/m3
0.7
0.450465 No
3596.284 kgO2/day
149.8452 kgO2/hour

2351.988 m3/hr
39.1998 m3/min

24.9 m3/min
Std air flowrate/Max capacity

1.574289 nos
2 nos

@ meters submergence
Air flowrate per diffuser
Max flowrate per diffuser
Percentage of selected design flow over max flow
Area of diffuser

3.8 m
6 m3/h/diffuser
0.1 m3/min/diffuser
0.43 m3/min/diffuser
23.26%
37.4 m2

11. Determine sludge production

Px,tss
V*MLSS/SRT
BCOD removed
qdwf*BCOD
BOD removed
TSS/BOD
Px,tss/BOD removed
VSS/BOD
TSS/BOD * VSS/TSS
TSS/BCOD

364.5833 kg/d
900 kg/d
562.5 kg/d
0.648148 g TSS/g BOD
0.589815 g VSS/g BOD
0.405093 g TSS/g BCOD

12. Determine F/M * BOD volumetric loading

F/M
BOD*Q/Xmlvss*Vt
BOD loading(Lorg)
qdwf*BOD/no.tanks*Vt*1000

0.249288 g/g.d
0.3 kg/m3.d

13. Design Summary

Design Parameters
Average flow
Average BOD load
Average TKN load
No. of tanks
Fill time
React time
Total aeration time
Settle time
Decant time
Cycle time
Total SRT
Tank volume
Fill volume/cycle

Unit
m3/d
kg/d
kg/d
Number
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
d
m3
m3

Fill volume/tank volume Ratio

Decant depth
m
Tank depth
m

Value
2250
562.5
2
3
2
6.329153
0.5
0.5
6
18
937.5
281.25
0.370
1.8
6

MLSS
MLVSS
F/M
Volumetric BOD load
Decant pumping rate
Sludge production
Observed yield

g/m3
g/m3
g/g.d
kg/m3.d
m3/min
kg/d
kg VSS/kg BOD
kg TSS/kg BCOD

3500
1203.429
0.249288
0.3
9.375
364.5833
0.589815
0.405093

Average oxygen
required/tank

kg/d

497.4597

Total aeration time/dtank

hr

25.31661

Average O2 transfer rate kg/hr

No. of blowers
Nos

19.64954
2

0.027 m3/s

93.75 m3/h

0.093 m3/s

0.91 VSS/TSS

MLSS Concentration in settled volume

MLSS Concentration in full volume (g/m3)

esign value 0.3

30 min

VSS/g Bcod
VSS/g Nox

m3.g/m3)

A
B
C
D
E

1021075
1128214
40521.1
418603.4
546750

*1
*2
*3
*4

1025316
1128214
39836.07
15934.43

A
B
C

48217.44
2213.115
49418.46

f 5 g/m3 in 2 hr aeration period

Oxidizable

24000

A
B
C

1.933423
25.45
103.8373

A
B
C

450000
141785.6
189245.3

eration and 3 hours of fill time

m3/h/diffuser
m3/min/diffuser
m3/min/diffuser

TSS/g BOD
VSS/g BOD
TSS/g BCOD

Parameter
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
Suspended Solids (SS)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Total Nitrogen (TN)
Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH4-N)
Total Phosphorus (TP)
Oil & Grease (O&G)

Activated-sludge Kinetic Coefficients for heterotrophic bacteria at 20C

Coefficient
m
K
Y
k
f
Activated sludge Nitrification Kinetic Coefficients at 20C
Coefficient
m
Kn
Yn
k,dn
K0

g/d
g/d
g/d

Value (g/capita.day)

Value(mg/l)
56

250

68
113
11
7
2
11

300
500
50
30
10
50

c Coefficients for heterotrophic bacteria at 20C

Unit
Range
g VSS/g VSS.d
3.0 - 13.2
g bcod/m3
5.0-40.0
g VSS/g BCOD
0.30-0.50
g VSS/g VSS.d
0.06 - 0.20
Unitless
0.08-0.20

e Nitrification Kinetic Coefficients at 20C

Unit
Range
g VSS/g VSS.d
0.2-0.9
g NH4-N/m3
0.5-1.0
g VSS/g NH4-N
0.10-0.15
g VSS/g VSS.d
0.05-0.15
Unitless
0.4-0.6

Typical value
6
20
0.4
0.12
0.15

Typical value
0.75
0.74
0.12
0.08
0.5

Unit price
Items
Equipment, Mechanical &
Electrical works
Civil & structural works
Total

215
SBR

EA
2,530,000.00

RM1,920,000.00
RM4,450,000.00

2,610,000.00
RM2,520,000.00
RM5,130,000.00

For SBR
Equipments

Unit price (RM)

Nos.

Cost

Decanter
Type : Surface Skimming
Motor : 2.2 KW

2,000

4000

RAS/WAS Sludge Pump

Type : Submersible Pump
Motor : 7.5 Kw

40,000

16

640000

Air Blower
Type : Rotary Air Blower
Motor : 132 KW

70,000

210000

1,000

296

296000
1150000

Air Diffuser
Type : Fine air bubble tube
diffusers
Submergence : 5m
Efficiency : 24%
Total estimated cost
For EA
Equipments
MLSS Pump
Type : Submersible Pump
Motor : 3.7 Kw

Unit price

Nos.

Cost

200,000

400000

70,000

210000

1,000

125

125000

Clarifier Scraper
Type : Half-Bridge Periphereal
Drive Scraper
Motor : 0.2 Kw

90,000

180000

RAS Pump
Type : Submersible pump
Motor : 5.5 KW

40,000

80000

Air Blower
Type : Rotary Air Blower
Motor : 15 KW
Air Diffuser
Type : Fine air diffusers
Submergence : 5m
Efficiency : 24%

WAS Pump
Type : Submersible pump
Motor : 0.4 KW
Total estimated Cost

40,000

Concrete Data from Supplier

Grade

Price
Normal

C10
C15
C20
C25
C30
C35
C40
C45
SBR
Structure
Base slab
Wall 1 & Wall 2
Wall 3
Wall 4 & Wall 5
Wall 6
Wall 7
Top slab 1
Top slab 2
Top slab 3
Top slab 4

80000
1075000

Pump
195
200
205
214
224
235
248
263

Length(m)

Tremie 1

211
220
230
241
254
269

Width(m)
22.7
22.7
18.3
8
12.3
20.9
22.1
16.9
8
20.9

217
226
236
247
260
275

Thickness
18.9
0.3
5.3
0.3
5.3
0.3
5.3
0.3
5.3
0.3
5.3
0.3
1
0.3
1
0.3
1
0.3
1
0.3
Amount of

Steel Price (RM 1970/tonne)

Total
EA
Structure
Base slab
Wall 1 & Wall 2
Wall 3 & Wall 4
Wall 4
Wall 5 & Wall 6
Top slab 1
Top slab 2

30.22

Length(m)

Width(m)
24.2
24.2
18.3
23.6
6
24.2
24.2

18.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
1
2.9

Thickness
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

Top slab 3
Clarifier tank

0.3

Mass of ste
Steel Price (RM 1970/tonne)
Total
Total Cost Incurred
Structure
SBR
EA

32.88766

Mechanical
Civil & Structural
Total
1,115,000
140,065 1,255,065
1,075,000
222,930 1,297,930

-1535000
70kg steel = 1 cubic metre

Tremie 2

223
232
242
253
266
261

Unit

Volume(m3Concrete price (RM)

1
128.71 30246.62
2
72.19 16963.71
1
29.10
6837.80
2
25.44
5978.40
1
19.56
4595.90
1
33.23
7809.29
2
13.26
3116.10
2
10.14
2382.90
2
4.80
1128.00
1
6.27
1473.45
342.69 80532.15
Unit price/tonSteel price
1970 59533.22

Unit
1
2
2
1
2
2
1

59533.22
140065.37

Volume(m3Concrete price (RM)

137.21 32245.29
76.96 18084.66
58.19 13675.59
37.52
8818.14
19.08
4483.80
14.52
3412.20
21.05
4947.69

4
2

8.40
1974.00
300.00 70500.00
372.94 158141.37
Unit price/tonSteel price(RM)
1970

64788.7

64788.70
222930.07

System

Efficiency of system
Smaller Total Surface
Area covered

Lower mass of sludge

produced per day

Lower required
capacity for pumps

Sequencing Batch Reactor

(SBR)

Extended Aeration (EA)

tem

Cost effectiveness

Higher removal
Lower required
% of
capacity for blowers wastewater
parameters

Lower
Lower
Lower
Mechanical
Constructio Overall
Equipment
n costs
costs
costs

Total points

6
1

Type of Premises/Establishment
Unit RecommendeActual unit Actual PE
Residential
per hou
5
1350
6750
Commercial areas (Office, Shopping compleper 100
3
22500
675
Day schools
per stu
0.2
1000
200
Fully residential educational institution
per res
1
1500
1500
Hospital
per bed
4
100
400
Petrol kiosk
per toil
15
2
30
Bus terminal
per bus
4
15
60
Mosque
per per
0.2
300
60
Golf course
per hol
20
9
180
Laundry
per ma
10
10
100
Total PE
9955

Structure
Selector Tank
SBR Tank
Total Surface Area

Nos.

Structure
Anoxic Tank
Aeration Tank
Clarifier Tank
Total Surface Area

Nos.

Length(m) Width(m) Surface Area(m2)

2
1.2
9
21.6
2
20.9
9
376.2
397.8

2
2
2

Length(m) Width(m) Surface Area(m2)

2.4
9
43.2
20.9
9
376.2
0
419.4

Structure Nos.
Anoxic Tan
Aeration Ta
Clarifier Ta
Total Surface Area

Length(m) Width(m) Diameter (m) Surface Area(m2)

2
2.4
9
43.2
2
20.9
9
376.2
213.3
277.89
697.29

SBR
Obtained vunit
Total Surface Area
397.8 m2
No. of cycle per day
6
No. hrs per cycle
4
Mass of sludge produced per day
360.61
Total Capacity of pumps of duty to
0.94 m3/min
Actual Oxygen Required
680.3 kgO2/day
kg O2/kg BOD5load
2.53 kgo2/day
Total air required
21.58 m3/min
Total Blower Capacity required
27.49 m3/min

Parameter
Aeration Clarifier
Obtained vunit
No. of cycle per day
66
No. hrs per cycle
44
Mass of sludge produced per day
296.97
188.6
485.57
Total Capacity of pumps of duty to
0.94
1.96
2.9 m3/min
Actual Oxygen Required
680.3 680.3 kgO2/day
kg O2/kg BOD5load
4.37 4.37 kgo2/day
Total air required
23.64 23.64 m3/min
Total Blower Capacity required
30.12 30.12 m3/min
Clarifier
Sludge produced
RAS pump capacity
WAS pump capacity

188.6 kg/d
1.94 m3/min
0.02 m3/min

Trial

Peak flow
Width
(Qdwf)

No.of tank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Trial

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

Trial

2
2
2
2

Trial

2
2
2
2

2250
2250
2250
2250

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

9
9
9
9

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

9
9
9
9

20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

17.80
17.88
17.97
18.06

Meets HRT
requirement?
0.6
0.8
1
1.2

0.5184
0.6912
0.864
1.0368
Meets HRT
requirement?

Length (m)
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

17.28
17.54
17.63
17.71
17.80
17.88
17.97
18.06

Meets HRT
requirement?

Length (m)

Depth
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

20
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9

Length (m)

Depth

Peak flow
Width
(Qdwf)

No.of tank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

2250
2250
2250
2250

Meets HRT
requirement?

Length (m)

Depth

Peak flow
Width
(Qdwf)

No.of tank
1
2
3
4

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

Peak flow
Width
(Qdwf)

No.of tank
1
2
3
4

2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250
2250

Depth

1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8

0.60
0.69
0.78
0.86
0.95
1.04
1.12
1.21

Trial

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Trial

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

8208.8
8208.8
8208.8
8208.8
8208.8
8208.8
8208.8
8208.8

30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30

Peak flow
Diameter
(Qpeak)

No.of tank
1
2
3
4

Required
Diameter of
Surface Area Meet Surface Area
settling
of settling tank requirement?
tank (m)
(m)

Solids
Peak flow
Loading
(Qpeak)
Rate

No. of
tanks

2
2
2
2

8208.8
8208.8
8208.8
8208.8

13.3
13.3
13.3
13.3

8
9
10
11
12
13
13.3
14

Depth

273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6

Meets HRT
requirement?

Volume
3
4
5
6

100.54
127.25
157.10
190.09
226.22
265.50
277.89
307.92

416.8
555.8
694.7
833.7

2.44
3.25
4.06
4.87

Grade
C10
C15
C20
C25
C30
C35
C40
C45

Concrete Data from Supplier

Price (RM)
Normal
Pump
Tremie 1
Tremie 2
195
200
205
211
217
223
214
220
226
232
224
230
236
242
235
241
247
253
248
254
260
266
263
269
275
261