BARRON'S GMAT GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION TEST 14TH EDITION ee BBBBBRBeB EET? MBA, PhD, 4, M.B.A. Program Bthool oF Social Scionces and Management Stephen Hilbert, Ph.D. Mace College First News NHA XUAT BAN TREBARRON’S GMAT 2008 WITH CD-ROM, 14™ EDITION By Eugene D. Jaffe, M.B.A., Ph.D and Stephen Hilbert, Ph.D Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1994, 1991, 1989, 1987, 1983, 1981, 1979, 1977, 1975, by Barron's Educational Series Inc. Vietnamese Edition Copyright © 2008 by First News - Tri Viet Published by arrangement with Barron's Educational Series, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA. BARRON’S GMAT 2008 WITH CD-ROM, 14" EDITION Cong y First News-Tri Viet gitt ban quyen xuat ban va phat hanh an ban nay theo hop déng chuyén giao ban quyén v6i Barron's Educational Series, Inc., Hoa Ky. 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H6 Chi Minh Tel: 84-822 7979 - 8227980 - 8233859 - 8233860 Fax: 84-822 4560; Email: [email protected] Website: www. firstnews.com.vn.Contents WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE COMPUTER-ADAPTIVE GMAT An Introduction to the Computer-Adaptive GMAT The Purpose of the GMAT Where o Ap What sa Comparer Adaptive Test (CAT Theis F Your Scons and What They Mean imporance of the GMAT fhe CAT GMAT Teak Maneuvering the GMAT CAT PC Ser Air You Tike the xan The Self Scoring Tables Typical GMAT Questions and How to Approach Them 13 alia Wecing Asien 3 Beating Comprehension Citi Reasoning Problem So Data Sutin Lng-cerm Strategy for Data Sfcency A Shor Sample of a CAT P DIAGNOSE YOUR PROBLEM Diagnostic Test with Answers and Analysis 1 CORRECT YOUR WEAKNESSES Essay Writing Review The GMAT Analytical Writing Assen low w Weve an Esay in 30 Mines Reading Comprehension Review Basic Reading Skills Applying Basic Reading Skil ing the Get Finding Logical Relationships Making nfeences| Sentence Correction Review Review of Errors Counmonly Found! in Sieategy for Sentence Correction Questions 156 Critical Reasoning Review 159 |leniying che Premise and Cones Deeductive and Inductive Arguments pes of Inductive Argument Determining the Logical Soquence of Atcacking the Assumptions ofan Argument 16 Fillies 168 Some Final Hins Y Mathematics Review 173 |. Arithmetic 173 mal5, Rounding OF Numbers ed Ns 3, Desctipive Statist and Probailicy Eo eepsra W.Algebra 1. Algerie Expresions 2, Bquations 3, Word Prableme ML.Geometry 7. Area and Perimeter 8 Volume and Surface Area \V.Tables and Graphs Tables Girele Graphs 5 Line Graphs 4. Bar Graphs 5, Cumulative Graphs Review ins for Answering Ms Machematies Exercise C Data Suficiency Exercise D Anawers planation of Answers, PRE-TEST REVIEW Quantitative and Verbal Practice Seti TEST YOURSELF Sample'Tee 1 with Annes and Analyse Tat ewe Analysis Sample Test 2 with Answer and Analyse Analyse Braluating Your Scon BUSINESS SCHOOL BASICS te Business School Your Degree How to Choose a Busnes School Factors Take aco Account ‘Your Admision Chances The Application Procedure sion Requitement Advanced Standing and Transer ‘When 20 Apply Howto Help Your Chances of Being Admiued Should You Visi the Campus? Financing Your Education ‘What Eaployers See Job Placement Future Tends APPENDIX nals Réquiing the GMAT ar 404 iss 4 ‘oh 4 oy aa ofPreface Pip 2728 Crater tenazement Admivon Te (GMAT) is designed vo assis seadens planing BOP co take the official Graduate Manageenene Admision Test amininced by the Edecaona Ming Service of Princeron, New Jersey Since the resus of the GMAT are ued by many grace Hh the prospective student do aswell as porsble on this exam. Admission to busines sche ron el depend on i A sudy gies although not able wo guarantee a perfect score, can provide «good deal of ass fitee in tex prpartion by coabling students to become familar with the mata the Eevaneron the cxam and supplying them wich ample opporeanity for practice and review: Wi Hts in mind, we have developed a study guide chat goes further than the snplesalaion of th Ei GMAT in is eos ro offer a sound basis of ese preparation Besides comaning te pu Beste with quesions (and answers) sla co those students wl encounter on the actual can, Hits invaluable advice on bow to prepae forthe exam, ranging fm a genes discussion ofthe use and various formats of the GMAT to step-by-step program of subject analysis and review WSsized to flp stems discover cir weak points and take meuscs to covree then A ccc tion included that covers every question type, These tactics give suena practical Instructions Bad hints on how wo analyze aid answer each question Review scion for ach subject area appearing on the cram have been especial ped Bish specific neds of cers who may fe deficiency in any ofthese ates. Each eview pro Bdesboth an explanation ofthe mated and exercises for practical work. The pratce ous cho Bin thc guide hie selfscoring ables to help studeats evaluate hele results and check thes Pg All swers wo che est questions are ily explained 1 ensire complete understand he autoes would like o extend their appreciation to Mrs Sasan Filbert andl Ms. Daun Marcer Pete cxcelene ob in typing che manusrp, to Profesor Shey Hocket for ser helpful dis Bisons and vo Profesor Justin Longenecker for hiHow to Use This GuideAcknowledgments shor grey acknowlege the kindness of ll organzatins concerned with granting Fermision o reprine passages, chats, and graphs. The eapyrght holders and publishes of Bed pases ac Ise on this and the following page Soures and peissions for charts and gps appear on the appropriate pages dhroughout che book fxg he courtesy ofthe following organicacions: dhe New York Times Company U.S. Deparment Ilabor; Dow Jones && Company, Inc: US. Department of Heath, Education, and Welle; United INsors Econoric Biletin fox Europe; Social Socury Bulltin, Sail Absuat ofthe US, US. Deparamene of Commerc, Bureau of Eeonomic Anahi, Federal Resave Bank of New York Tuopean Ezonornic Community, U.S, Department Tureau ofthe Census Now York ue Deparment nf Labor: Feral Power Commissions US. Trasory Department US. Bure 0 or Src: Incite of Life Insurance, and the Stil Abstract of Lain America Ps, Saris Passace: Reprinted with permision ofthe author, Vigl Thomson Pics 66, Passuce: Bob Doyle, “Is There a 10th Planer,” Cumberland Tines-Mew, Seprember 1 2005.0 2006 Gunde News Reprinted withthe permission oF che Cumberland Tomer Nase Tice 6 Passscn: Michiel Unset, Profesor of Secialogy, Boston University, "Goreme onage of Science and Arin America” form Th Prdieson of Cult, Richard A. Pees i © 1976 Sage Publications Ine, Reptinsd by permission ofthe author and the publisher ornions ov rus "Essar Warriwc Review”; George Ehren, How to Pepe for SAT Hi: Writing 16 19% Busoni Eauctional Series, Inc, Hauppauge, N.Y Pornons or rie “Reapine Comraesiension Revisw": Eugene J. Farley, Baron How Pepa Educational Series, In. Hauppauge, N.Y ace 1a, Exaners: “Skye, Lonely Scorsish nl." Niwa Sunday New, June 9, 1968, C 16, Se. 2. Pace 12g, Bxoriss David Gunes, “Kabbute Life Growing Fason” Nowa: News, May 6, 1968, p. 5 Pics 129, Exuvere: Reprinted with permission fiom “Undestanding Foreign Poi,” by Saul K Tore Pub fis Remphie #280, Copyright, Public Affairs Committe Trers w53154, Exmecise Be Marina Gazzo and Catherine Browne, “Venice ber, 1975, pp. 15-16, © The Eutopean Commonity 1975. The Beonomist Global Agenda, “A Darkening Moa Over Doha,” Th 2006 The Economie. Reprinted withthe permission of The Fa aor 540,Passace:Benedice Carey, “Analae These,” New Yrk Times, April 25,2006, € York Tins Repriued with the persion of the New York Times Company Pace s80,Passncs 1 From Our Dynamic Wald: A Saree ix Modern Goo cpl Wiig {© 1966 by the author. Reproduce by pesmission ofthe publisher, Chikon Book Company ecnor Penny, Paces 382383, Passnox. 5 Jean Hollander “Cops and. Writers.” Reprin Schule, Volume 49, No. 2, Spring 1980. Copyright 1980 by the authoPhot 417, Passnce i: Improving Eecutee Development in the Federal Government, copytight 19649 the Comittee for Economic Developatent pa 421, Passace1+"Open Asians Assessed The Example of The City University of New You 1970-1975" by Irwin Tolshook, Profesor of History, Lehman College, CUNY. “Open Adimisione Assessed" orginally appeared in Midstream (Apel, 1976), © 1976, The Thea fer Foundation Pace 424, Passaae: “The Brine Busnes Ecos, Reprinted il Phoes 445-482, Business Scroot Basics: Eugene Mille and Neuman BF Pollck, ‘Gnduate Burs School Vth Edicion, © 2005 Barron Educational Series, Inc Vannovs Sanrince Comnscrion Questions (wma Exrtaite ANSWER): Samuel C. Brownsti nnd Mitchel Weines Barron How to Prepare for College Eniince Beomination (SAT), © (28H Barron Edveatgnal Series, Inc. Hauppauge, Nfs Sharon Green and Michel Weiner, Baral Howto Preparfor she Tes of Standard Write Els © 1982 Barron’ Ealcational Seis ne appauge, Ns Murray Reckowit e a, Barros How ro Pagar for he is Sco Fyutulony Beaminstion (GED), © 1979 Barrons Educational Series Inc, Hauppauge, NiWHAT YOU NEED TO BNOW ABOUT THE COMPUTER-ADAPTIVE GMATAn Introduction to the Computer-Adaptive GMATInformation about the exact dates of he exam, es, esting locations and 2 test can be found in the “GMAT Bilein of Information’? for candidates published by ETS. You o ‘obtain «copy by wet raduate Managerent Adinision Tx Educational Testing Service PO, Box 6105 Princeton, New Jersey 08541-610 Ips com WHAT IS A COMPUTER-ADAPTIVE TEST (CAT)? Ina computersalptive tet, each question is shown on a personal computer screen one at atin ‘On he tert, questions are of high, medium, and low dificly. The fist question on testi medium dificult: the relative difficuly ofthe nexe question depends on your answer co he fin esion I you ansmered corey dhe next question will be of greater dificult. IFyour answers ineorect, the next question wil be les dificult, and so on. However, the choice of subsequent qu tions noc only Based on whether dhe preceding answer was corrector incorret but also on che dil Fray level ofthe preceding question, whether previous questions have covered a vaity of quest types, and specific test comtent, This procedure is epented foreach of your answer. his way i CAT adjusts questions co your ails he Computer-adapive GMAT will have thice pares: «writing vection which consis of wed co essays quanti et and a verbal tes "Yu will have 30 minutes to wit ech esa he quantitative ces wll be compened of Problem Solving and Data Sufficiency ype question There will be 37 questions sad you will hve 75 rminatsto Bish this section, The verbal se will be composed of Reading Comprehension, Crdcal Reasoning and Sent Comecton type questions. Thee wil be 4 qucrtions and you will have 75 muintes co finish hi There san optional five-minute break berwcen each section ofthe exam Before you tart the exam you will be given time to become acquainted wid che compute 5 tem, There an ineractve eral help you practice your compute kills. You can try using tl ‘mouse and scrolling through text. You will be able to choose and coafiems answers as wel a ue woud processor you wil eed to write your esays. Make se yu are ehoroughly fumliar with th System before you tare the extn Tes possible that your tests may contain some experimental questions. These questions mayo nay not be labeled experiment You should do your best on any question that snot abe expe mental. Experimental questions are no counted in your sores. In the CAT version of the GMAT once you enter and confirm your answer yu cannot clang the tse, You ca go back and work on previous questions ify finish a section ea, Furth more, you must answer each question before you can ke the next question, (You wil not beable ship any questions There are some pros and cons of the CAT compared tothe previous paper and pencil vesion the GMAT. Here i li You've Answered the First Question: What's Next? Suppose that you answered tha ire question corecly and chen get a more eifcult one tha ya also answer cortetiy aid then an even harder one that you answer incorrectly. Will you ge a oval ‘core than saya candidate chat ansrers the fist question incorecly and chen ges an easier one tl isanswered corey? No, because difficle questions ae worth mote pons than easier ones. Soil the end, the misture of questions hat each candidate gets shouldbe balanced to tlle his o bl bility sd subsequently thei performance, There i ile posbiiey that a candidate will havedyouthvouahout ournay cise malar py Mor perso festat he san Bou inow you lest cana your Diirer sa ace youre Perici n Fesingcnprctenion Me hoi Wis i, Toten Bal, Theo a 3 Bera Beto oni oth the quantitative (robles sesment (AWA) wil be quality of your thinking and sideric disciplines, including ms ped by ETS, ell op iui gus cps for guessing sc Bp lckng the mous Bin by clicking the mouse on th Petre you cannoc go back eo check Wha isthe logic bein the Pre thar you gin Bajo anever correc Bie eicsigh, you soul have Hsin thn vas anne es the scoring tem woul Fest hve nobus ford a 2 previous que skipping of gues ng answer toa question, The rer a ck an equal ik What Computer Skills Are Necessa $Daly basic computer sil ae ne Bho use mows Brvembscom These wil help Bex, because Bik on che st guesion and. how to sell (navigate ow seview che as and aceesing HELP You shoal You'cannoe skp a ques ‘question once you have Who Rave more expetsnce using = | Youre m solving and data suf ning! muliph ong the compute, but ie will not b and nt in che pape alaced by ako not be skipped. You must answer che pe means that iF you do not know nswering 3 question means entering your ch and then p 16}. Once you have 3 more dlficlt question, eather than the cay cordingly: Thus, it wer 0 change sf question skipp ry? ng the CAT. This means that you have ta know You can downlad fc sklls oF taking eo tx tutorial fo puter adaptive res, such fepou eve eet‘THE TEST FORMAT The txt format includes both mnulile-choice verbal est questions sentence corecton, ei comprehension, and critical easing; and mukiplechoice quantitative rst questions: probe solving ad dat uliconcy, In che CA, all veba-sype quovrions ate mingled. The samo is wae the pwo quandiadve-ype questions. In dhe former pencil and paper GMAT, each question spe a8 tion was given separately, The toal cst cme is approximatly Four hours inelading the two eg dons. A typical CAT is formated ae fallow ee Analytical Win Analysis ofan sue 1 Topic Amasss of an Argument ‘Topic tional be Not relevant In addin cathe question pes noted, atest my includ idence andlor unidentified expe imencal sctions, Mentiied experimencal sections will away be the lst sceuon of dhe cam Unidentified sections can appea anywhere, Homer, answer either enerect oF incorect) will oe ast your final score "Note that aids suchas hand:-beld calelarore, wach calculators, peas, wach alarms. dictionary Ltansktors, econ devices, beeper, will no be allow in she testing room. You may nox bring serach paper wo the test but it willbe handed out by the txt admininator 26 needed. Ifyou have Some questions about procedurs during the text there isa HELP function thae may be wdlied Howerer, remember that she time spent with che HELD function will he at he expense of st time ‘Therefore iis beso familarie yourself with she computer procedure as mich a posible bao aking the rsHow to Prep YOUR SCORES AND WHAT THEY MEAN {Ope beneieto the CAT test-takers is that unofficial scones on he verbal and uanezcve pares ths txt will be avaiable upon completion. Official scores, inching the AWA will be mated ou Pin en days, Scones are haved om the nuraber of questions answered covtecty swell perform Bison «puccalar type of question. Some coecesnawers to some questions a worth more cha Gihersbeeise of fren degrees of lf cly, Thus, a corte answer to «difculequstion is worth Bethan correcc answer ro an easy question, The total score ranges fom 200 to 800, Ta genta, no panicular score can be called goes or bad and no pasing oiling grade has heen aished. Scores above 750 or below 250 are unusual. In cent yes a Fae berwcen 390 an 620, withthe average abort 330, IMPORTANCE OF THE GMAT PSEH fen ak wharis an adequate GMAT sere. The alsver ita every university ad eolege Hearing he GMAT sexs its own requirements. Average scons thioughet che United Suites oe Papoted by the Edcconal Testing Service. For ramp, the average GMAT sere Be United Ses during 2002-2003 was 524, Bese: gedes on the GMAT also differed by undergraduate majox with physics naj s BU computer since majors 565, English majors 5 jon 506. Bot college extsogs do noe seace what the minim GMAT requirement i; bu the ann Besos MIA programs do noce the average GMAT scot of hel inconng suet bed Hilisisproably «good indicacion of che necessary bal park igure for admission, Howes, byes Bi score somewhat below thar gure doer not can that acceptance isnot pons Fst of al, Be stcrgeFeure. Some scored below, but were accepted Beis for alison. Statens who obein a sore below some required average may nevrthleos BBske ip orth by thc undergraduate grade average or by wings very god exer as par ofthe Pliiton process. ls some cases, cong well inthe personal interview with an admistons officer ii niversiy representative may he just as, or even oll science majors 548, and busines he GMAT is only one ofa number of important. Sa, while coi hig HGNAT i dase goal and should be pursued with all the means posal Gilement for admission ro an MBA progiam. Before eppyin i Bae bat iss ace considered fix admission and how these eri are anked by ones afin Ditesom of MBA programs, admissions ofices, college catalogs, and annal reports should de this fofornstin, Boat sore on he GMAT is only of several Fictors examined by adios officers You Bide rcor, for example is atlas ax important as yout GMAT occ. Thus. alow score Bekins aco schoo wll secepe you, nor does a high GMAT score guaaiteracceprnce Stoo of your choice. However, sce yout score i ae importa £ on you shoul asyou can onthe exam. Using this bok should help yo TO PREPARE FOR THE CAT GMAT Basil owe be avare of che purpose of the CMAT and have general idea of che forent ofthe BD se Wilh is basic information, you are ina pi ue sd and review The his ide epresens study plan tha willenable you to prepa forthe GMAT: [Fused prop. Hew ielp you diagnose your weak areas and eake sepa to remedy hem, pe prepuation by bccoming as falar as possible with the various eypexof questions that Ble sam. The analysis of ypical GMAT quesions in the next chapters des ged for this Tiseaking tactics provide hines on how co approach the difetnecype oF qucvons BR bailar with the CAT sysem. Male sure you kavw how everything works (eg sro Dsireyoustarc the exams, Paces very importan time becuse of unfailiity with th AU avoiable with proctce using cis mal and other tool“When you fel you understand his material comple, ake che Diagnose Test chat follows an crane your tess A low score in any area indicates thar yeu shold spend more ie reviewing thar pura mater Seady the review exon for thet aea und you fel you have massed i nd then take one ofthe ample GMAT tess, Catinue the patezn unr you ar completely ste Feed vk your performance, For best esl ryt simulate exam conditions as closely as posible then akong staple ests no unscheduled brats or inerraptions, sce adhrene eo ime limi Tn te of outside aids (vith the exepson of serach popes, ‘TEST-TAKING STRATEGIES 1, The fist five or so questions count more than later questions, Hudgct file more di for these quesans, You have about 1 minutes for each verbal quecion and 2 minutes ‘eal quantatve question, So, be prepared o spend more me wid he inal questions Answer as many questions as posible. While there s no minimum number to anowe il alert» gets ute, your scone wil be lower if ever questions are answered If you are wot sare, guess: Unlike the former GMAT vesson, theres no penalty fo Wt angver so ifyou are running out of time, gues. Also, since you hive to give answer in ofl to proceed «@ che nex question, puesing may be necessary. For some tps ste che ues section tac follows Pace yourself and be aware of remaining time. Be avare ofthe number of questions am remaining tine, How much time i lf in atest scron can be determined by psig th time con an clock wll appear on the upper lft hand side ofthe sre, Confirm your answer only when you are confident that ti correct Remember, you ot ictura toa previous queron and you msc conf Your answer in onder to move 08 the nexe question Be careful about section exit and text quit commands, Once you confem 2 section ei Command you cannot ge back. Confiming the rest quit command automaticaly eods he Sion with no chance of eontiauin GUESSING Two elements should be considered i addressing the aca of guess seones deveined by the Educational Testing Service, the administrators of the GMAT. yom cangwer a qucti, you cannot pros the extone, So, f you ate stuck i helps gust ifyou se nea the end ofa test section and time i ang out, you have ro options, You an {he answers to quesGons shar you ae unsure of the coztect answer, ar you can quit che ction Ai tine runs out, As we poimed out before, cp best to spend more cme with the Fist five us vaio tne wth he temaining ones. So, gusting becomes an important arategy when ine Tel The pebubiisy of slecting ehe correct answer by undom guesing is 1 out of 5, or 0.2, il is rather low. However suppose that you have ad time wo read dhe question and have been a ‘hminace ro anvuer alternatives, but are sll unsure ofthe core answer, Now, a random gail She cortet answer among dhe remaining alternatives has a probable 0.33. Obviows) fom ble ts eliminate dice alternatives, you then have » 50-30 chance of guessing the comec na Assuming chat ime as un out, gucsing i this situation isa wey ow sk ‘So, dere iea difeence beween random ad educaed guessing An educated pues oc yous have eliminated thre aleratives and now haye a resonable chance of sccting che a ees Einnationof three alermativs should be posible foe most questions, Here ae some ples oF how eo do this, The fs example is. rte seasoning question:EXAMPLE Bete tenure sytem proves long term job security for established professors, bur at the Bee ine prevents younger nsructors from entering the system. But instructors are famiier Bpieenesching material and therefore may provide sttents witha beter eucaton Thus, HBsstametot many students are unable ro be aught by inst uctors whe cannot find employ Bret basis ofthe tenure BeHetthe flowing san assumption made in the argument abene? Bi Woseenvie profesor donot make an etfort to prove ality eduction Mestinstuctors2reagainst he anute system, Me rvs stunts general prefer to be taught by inatuctors, MPM sitorsave recente graduate degrees more recently than pr BE Tez pfesors are noc fair with cunene teaching mater Bitionsef hr op; cheasumption i usuily one ofthe nse alsratives rather ¢ etext In aye eras sce ho ktnaives may be reaily-climinated. The fourh ater BDI eve by diisio, bis nor even remoselya subject ofthe tex, nor sn eumpion P BeBe evidence foc alerntine (B}. By proces of elimination, atemativs (A) and (E) roma BEHEIA ic, would ccnainly busts che clam that iia shame tha students cannon b BBeMeppeisicacoe rather than by reniredprofesors, But this assumes that insreceore ne Behar pron cher cae profesor donot make an effort prvi quay ol Wsisetiey ar wnfamilie wich up-o-dac caching mater ( heenatves ae eave ho BPE itinstncrors are familar” with aching marl, bx cat pre mila (E Bethe asprin male. The aqgument rans like this Bsc are Flare reaching, material and cane Bluetion than profesor BEAT calles tense sytem... prevenesinservcrors fiom entering Bless ae no iia with current caching materials Boia shame for students hae they canoe be caugh by instruc BRE etalon, “ca shame thar many students are unable to be taught by inruc bythe ation ofthe premise (3} that p re ot Familia with eurent teach Btier example of for ows or thee alternatives may be quickly climinated may be demone BRIBE aking the rein comprehension pasage concerning the “Land bridge” on page le ba sumber 1p Bering othe passage the maoratemative to 9 US, and bridges the 1A Ponoma can 1B) Suee Cara 10 scrogitsytem PB akandroue FB liar wansport system (Chimay be icky emirate because its not mentioned. Abo) rear transport a betininated because e'sauser and not an alternative An alland route (Deena Bioisto he sand bigs, nso cannot be an three alterative ansers have HGCA eliminstec. The choices between (A) oF 8). we read the passage cael, we Hise Suer Cont (snot mentioned Howes the Panama Canal (Ak noted ay the Bs akerativeto and bid10 MANEUVERING THE GMAT CAT PC SCREEN Nile you will have the opporcunity wo try ou the so-called “Testing Tools of ing the test you wll have an advancage you ate already ain ith them bet ing wool consis of « aumberof fons or command by which aud quantitate ress you wil havea PC sere that looks like the CAT bere te forehand, These es you navigete the test Fr che vba this Computer Adaptive GMAT 9.16 ABCD a rectangle! (1) AC and wD bia ech other st (2) Ange ADCs 90 Test Quit IF you click this, you rerminate the test: Only do this #fyou have caxnpleted the entre tee Section Exit ‘Clicking this button exeminaes a tet section and enables you to go on to the next cst i progsim wil ext automaticaly. So, this button shoul the section in let than the allowed femaining and you click this buton, you will be abl 1.19 Whee I Was” command that appeats on the vs have use up all your ime, eh ‘ated only i you have completed time period. Ifyou le tw reverse your decison by boctom of che sien, ing the “Rs(hown in hours, nutes, and seconds) remains ex. In any cs, the time wil appese ina ashing mode when your allowed tne i neatly His bucon will acvate che help Function. "The help Funct contains dictions for the are working on, directions forthe ection you ate working on, general dictions, howe a information abour the testing vols. When you want to ext the help function click Bem to Where 1 Wis" ool with the mouse Bkland Answer Confirm se bucons work in sequence. When yon are sure of your answets lick the Nex buon Baeon othe nex question. You wl then se that dhe Aner Confirm button will become dark Ini save your answer and bring che next question to che seen, Basho als pracice che word processing sols needed for the Analyscal Witng Assessment Mer ae snilar to those used on rypical word processing programs sich as Wad fon Win Pear Wordsice. "The yping keys avilable ae as follows Beep — mores che cursor up one page Bex Sonn — enor the cursor dawn one page Bikepace — removes the rext ro the lei of she curso Bre moses the cursor eo the beginning of in Bis moves the curior tothe end ofa line ls —menes the cursor up down, lft and sight Bi — moves the cursor to the beginning ofthe next in Mieeare alo Ci, Pee and Udo Func R YOU TAKE THE EXAM B= your score onthe verbal and quantieative pats ofthe exam immeiaey alee Hlscons,incuding che AWA, will rive by mai within approximately ten days Bs ina rpear che test once pe calendar month. However if you repeat the ev, Your Bistharand the co mos recent previous rst els wl be sent to all nseutons you designate pints. Many cho ors if you take the fest more thar once, So unless He reson to expecta substantial improvement in your score, ic usually i nor morte co Blithe exam, Bf can cancel your scores if you ace bre leaving the test cemer. If you wish t cancel you os mast indie his on the compute seroen aftr completing the tex. you cance your thet tha you took the test wil be reported to al the places you designate a score rcp. Be Thus, cis gencraly nox advantageous to cancel your scores unless thee is eaon to belie, you axe done subscavially worse on che et than you would iF yeu ook the test aga for ne ifyou became ill while taking the exam. Once a cor is cacled from your condi cn Be purback on your record or reported at aie datea ‘omputer-Adaptive GMA THE SELF-SCORING TABLES The SelScoring Tables foreach semple tei inthis guide can be used as means ‘weaknesses in particular subject areas and shoul lp you plan your ataly Aer completing sample tert, turn 10 the ram mot eet Answets section which immediately fllows each te Determine the nuraber of corer answers you hal for eich section. This your eatcce coe fo thal section. Now turn to the section Evaluating Your Score, which tion of each test. Recon showa below follows the Answers Explainel 5 yous scores in the appropriate score boxes in the Self Scoring Tabla (Self-Scoring Table Use the Rating sale o find your ating for exch seroBiel issicp in pre. Basins chs usualy ap sfor the GMAT isto becom pin, peat on this exam fe aboa bus 10 make rina ur ‘eke atonal decisions, te ecanamy whine onl and psychlogica. crhameroe ne atuct san aie rtomatnbangpoc, oniumer decison making espunortatioge Td re convncy HS? Sue your pox, na:the complain oftne analyst othe 2 using 0a exampies romTest-Taking Tactics, 1. Identify the issue or argument. For udiional practice dos Ressoning Review on pages 159-171 Tn the example, the 0 male g this, ead the Cial aim or conclusion is thatthe economy sles when consume ol ional deciions. Consumers cannot make rational disions whenever if Bons licking The counter view is chat consumer deision-m king isbased more on eroti than on rational tesoning,IFtha is the case, then infoumaton is not so important 2, Outline your ideas. You are asked to take sides. [f you believe that consumers male d sions mainly on a rational basis, rou will hae to suppore your view by giving examples i lon experience oro h facts dh you have acquired fom study or eading. You muse or this view and not the othes. Dp you have any fats on che sue? I oat along with examples. Ifyou do noe hae fact, you will need eo dea with dhe sein tiall—by reatoning inductively. Here, experience and observation wil he important tll tess your claims, ot up Another pessibility in this cae is chat consumer decision-making depencl on the sl product. When ic comes to purchasing house or making a simila cau invoumenn ‘decision is mainly rational, and soi depends ona good del of information, Most cml Purchases, however ate not ofthis kinds for example clothing, food, lire actives !morivarion is langely emocional. Ths, for most purchases, lot of information is wo sary and ste economy des nor suffer a is eam. EXAMPLE Analysis of an Argument The computerized materinigation stem to be insted by farms wil (ut The st moisture s measure by senso the ground that send signals Back eth {oon system. On the basis oF this norman, the system vtomaticlly regulates the onl time ofriaton. Discuss how logialy persuasive you find thi argument. n resenting your point of kan the srt of easoning used ands supporting evidence addltion state what farther ue any would make the etqument more sound and convincing or mould rake you better a evaluat is conclusion, Test-Taking Tactics 1, Identify the parts of the argument. For additional practice doing ths, eal ical Reasoning Review on pages 159-171 2. State how convincing (or unconvincing) you find the argument. The ness of an argument depends on it ogc hati on whether the conclason fol evidence presente. You ae aso asked o dtcuss what would make the agumeh al ad persuasive or would help to evaluat its canchion, To make an argument noe is nocesary to provide more evidence that wll utes the conclusion In the example, the conchision i found inthe frst sentence the ferigacion 9 vent crops from diving out. What evidence i given cha the irsigaion sytem wali form this asl? Overall, che argument i sound and convincing, assuning Mal irigaton is all that is needed to keep crops from deying out. What then could eal condlsion? Evidence that systems similar othe one described are aleady tn pla ing This ase point is importane because we have no evidence above the telatPm hse chy ‘hem feren Peacing Co Be oe tec maybe a gunn of cose elleciveneas Wl armets be willing oaope Be meen 1 evidence ofthese cts could be provided, the eonchaion wean renga READING COMPREHENSION BO Pebensin quccons tex your ability to analyze wren infarmation and Bs ee om tie hamanii, the socialsciences, and the plsicl and bcloned cemene Be eating Comprehension portion of « vesbal secon const of thee taser Bernice $50 words wirn Ba ets when anvwexng ine questions. However many of thequetiont meg be han BR ered the pasges, rather chan on what is explicitly taed, Your ably cs tone Be he acral is crcl vo succes completing this section, You ae teecece a Btasver fiom five aterncivs, al of approximately 15 questions. You willbe allowed te wr Major Types of Reading Comprehension Questions Bett guesions wally fl inc several general exegoies Ih mos questions, you Billietked about one of she folowing ‘Main ideo BT ein you maybe sk abou the main dea o ihre of he pasa, abou a pos she ashor primary bjcsve. Usual the mania lees he pees Bia eteth wil be sasomene haces te over heme ofthe pues ee Pope a argon, se she Cical Reasoning Review lane in ts boo BaP aueion on Reatng Comprehension vst ans you to cet the tile or deme tha Mish pas EXAMPLE Feterent poley in Fan hastraditonallyfvorel fore investment. Leaders a Bical pares have been virtually unanimous in thet belt that tign nvearnern Bre woul conte o speeding that county's economic devlopmentaipaje ot Bf ath he sung colton ond opposvon parties Ofspecel een ctw gooan Mert Were those industes that exported a significant share of ther Fila he relacvely small population, tere vasa ht UN 9 ode th fous proce othe local more. he goverment rel wank oeneeurnoe Bisionvestrsto compete with lca indus even thoush ew industes atte Pie the atreody high unemployment ate Tiebes posse tect the passage s BAY Goverment Poy in Fitna, IB How Provide Employ MG) Aetscng Foreign Investment IO) The Economics of Developing Counties, BB orig investment and Economic Development Bee se aterative con be found inthe passage, withthe exception of O)ne dont Bete develoing country: oweve note thatthe words-loraigh ivectrent oc Persie tines nth passage. adn lines 5-6 linked with economic develoanen Wee min ea cr subjects foreign invasiment, and the appropateancaere ey—— Addiional quertins may ak you to identify the aur’ purpose in writing the pas EXAMPLE 2 Itean be conchae that the aim ofthe author sto (A) erence foreign ivestment {protec oe! industy from fersign competition. {2 increase unemployment benefits for workers {D) dovelapatheoty of foreign investment. {B) inceas the indigenous population o Filan. “The most approplteansne tothe above question [The author ges some he “nd und nat condtions foreign investment vould be beneficial to Fieen Supporting Ideas In his ype of question, you may be skal about the idea ‘Questions ofthis type te your ail o distinguish bewaa cxpreed in one pat of the pag than abour the passage as whol aes and those tenes tht suppor it some of which may be implice or impli a explicitly sted EXAMPLE ‘Some economist believe thatthe United States canbe lize ws land bridge! shipment contained argo betveen European the Fer East. Under the ani aahcont containerized felght useing beeen Euope Line and the Fa East oul ‘Shpped by ocesn care fo the United tates East Coat, unlonded and placed on Bs instars, al shipped vie aad to a WestCoast port. At this port the conta route then belosdedn ships Bound Far Est portent. This procedure WOU ereed for material traveling inthe opposite direction Thus, land wansportaon Tem would be subuituted fr mae wansporation during part of the Moret ‘gonds betwen Europe ond the Far East fa land ridge sytem of shipment were deemed fable and competive with etve method would open a complete newmarket fr both United Satessteoii Ines and loads At present fre lines arty al Fr Eas Europe eight, Americal tists got aone ofthis face andthe allwater route excludes he aroads 7 Tic stem evtabene by a land Bridge could alo serve to hondle goods no bal shipped betwen the United States West Coast and Europe, ot goods shied tne far con nal the Untod States Gulf and East Coasts, Cureity, Were are 204 Tins earning West Coast fea to Europe via the Panama Canal, but not one Un Sates line Thus in addition to thalandbdga getting this new business for hese i also ges the United States East Const ships an opportunity te compete ors ‘inte ts methor of shipment al probaby not ad othe labor requirements and WestCoast pars t does have the potent of absorbing some ofthe jobs Hall Contanetzation of cunentcergohas eliminated or could eliminate. Thus, the pos ‘teresting ne Jobs fo ongshoremenk not an expected benef of sucha system Bi al most coraily eote other labor requirement, The lne-bridge concept Ba Tote ot efeng new job operings for United States away workers an eae rpaiion, there would be expansion ofl requirements for people the shipbull Sid container manufacturing busines. Sy making United States ail transportation an export service, the lane-bidge \yould havea fvorabe effect on ourbalance of paymentsBs piessti that te Unite Stats maybe tied sa tnd bidge forthe Big ee sto between Surope ad te far East Tiss evidenced Enihote, tues that buts Baits Pssone. Supporting ideas would include any fac or BBA number ofthese maybe ound inthe pacage ngefanew market. aragrapn inion business. paragraph 3) EXAMPLE bet ould BEG Othe passage, land srg system were Heenpbomencin the brase-buleing ncusty Bathe amour cf si iight mshi ies and alas leAmeson loads more etilent feasoforogn ede Bartels athe ote fstoning would bs provided employment by the devel tf and ridge? Dock worse US ray voters US.sicrs Morathcely Lilondin PO seson | is akeratve (C, which fest supportng dea 1 i Biri 2th 2 ofthe passage A nd tidge woud cesta anew rate fa oe plies are airs G00 fom an lea imped inthe passage. Answer choice (0 correct rated for US. raheay workers and Binpaconph iis argued that nan jobs wi nto dock workers ised above and idea that are wot expe ven inthe pasa BBE implied bythe ator based SB sthor is cies) shar Pace 1 eve czy be infeed thaEXAMPLE Refer tothe land bridge eassageon page 16, Which ofthe following might least benef fom 2 ln bielge? (2) Us ratway worker, @) US sailors (© US.cehedled shipping bes (© US unscheduled shipping ines © US. goverment The auther specially gives reasons why each ofthe factors mentioned inal atemative an ‘might beneftrom aland ridge However the author states inthe et paragraph that ome hal ofthe total income of scheduled shipping lines i subsidized by the goveinment. Al bree nou provide increased busin of theese enabling the government to sift fs fom scheduled to unscheduled nes Thus, t may be inferred thatthe incrested taf replace subsided income, Therefore, scheduled shipping ines might east benefit fiom tel bridge, and arsine choice (Cis correct Specific Details In his type of question you may he asked about specific Facts or details che author has state ily in che passage. This 070 of question may tke che ello 1, Which ofthe following sarement is mentioned by author? 2, Allof the Following ar given as reasons for {excep 3, The author argues that EXAMPLE Afr tothe land bridge passage on page 16 1. According tothe passage, the major alternative ta US land bridges the (8) Panama Canal (8) Suer Cana {) aireigh ser (0) alana cute (Gta tanspor system 2, The passage states that a land bikdge would imorove Une States (0) foreign rode (8) balance of payments (©) stood industry {0} inemaionalrelitons © gold reserves 3. Alond bridge would not (@) sid US. steamship nes (G)_ handle goods shipped beween Fut andthe Far East (C)createnew jb or dock workers (©) supply new business fer US riroads (E)_ create business for unscheduled sioping inesBsrospeci detail uestions may always be found inthe pessage. These questo Biimotcatonsorirterences, The ansnerto question 1 above (At pesoregh a Hlth Panam Canal os» route for oight ines The answer to queston sx yn Besarnh 5th answer to question 315 (0:9 paragraph it pecicaly tated fon Fibers would nor benef fom a and bedge Bing Information from the Passage to Other Situations Berek you to maken analogy bere a sation described inthe pasoge and sen Be ere lite inthe question, Unlike other types of questions thee decrioe saan Bie pce, bur rather those char are analogous to those inthe pasuge Ie Been oF thy Kind, you muse be able ro draw a parallel between the ction fa he Bian is counteract isthe pass EXAMPLE BPs anés se widely renowned for thet snes orientation, which i refeced in their Seer promotion pole eho any ray materia oft onn, escape for apc Peis the Denes cain td of ther GAP fom the export tase Ts reohtooe Bis een achieved oni though a thorough explanation of export potential ene the Ppemenintion of wide ange of promotional aches The later emphae the proc, Btaierthan the theoretical andactal business encounters rather than suck nthe Bpreviousy popu, means oc clttl events and Dann avcks Hof the oioing counties shoud succeed in exporting? Wi Geinties witout domestic raw materinis Gouries ih crowing Ge, Bicones ih a practical approach to business Bi tees ith» thorouahly produced and diverse promationel campaign Biers wath some export potential based on a wie range of products Bee Hon is you to project ehe Danish experience to sar evens in othercouniies The BP heures what helped the Danes to export wil help ether countess wee Ae Fe Danes in this case seas the “plementation ofa wide range of promotional Be Tec answers 2). Note that you were not asked to comment en tho vay of Biss barony 0 dont the pall cae Bor Atitude of the Passage Beer concentra on the aus sive, acne, or mood. In order to determine thes Be eno soca aden ha revel i the autor pessimist “ere” sop. Ber abiesie® abous an even ides, or stution in the posse Bisel uss a Beton isthe pasuge ined BBR sae inicates hac the author expresses fecting 1) Hope (8) Contcencs HO) Ercsinn ID) tas 1B) renbe concluded thar the author ofthe passage i 1A) sympathetic to John Doe’ ideas @) uncritical of John Dac interpretation of hisory (Q politically conservative (D) a believer in mysticism ©) a polite diletane Technique Used by the Author in the Passage A reader can detect certtn cechniques use by authors, depending on the subject mater of material JF che subjece mater of che pase is Foun the social ues authors tend to + make comparisons (“The ABC company use a production proce that canbe likena fsribe cause and eflect relationships ("The development of the harbor can be sea ton) + opinionate or reason (“The author belongs to which ofthe following schools of ehoughl fee subject matters fom the sous writers del with + problem solving (‘Serious unemployment lads lnbor groups co demand + cause and effect -Government investment ia industy should result in * Ghsifcacion of chings and events "According co the passage, the waves accat mon eal In the aes of 2) * experimentation ("Given presene wave uacking stems, scenic forecast all Fhe fil ing excep) ithe subject macte ie entre authors tend 10 + create moods "Which of the following bese describes the awhor’s one in the pasage”) 1 narrate events The autho’ treatment ofthe topic can be best described x. °) * describe seing and characters ("The main character isa person atemping ia.) The Logical Structure of the Passage These 976 of questions tt your understanding ofthe overall meaning logic, or orn a passge. You may be asked how several ideas in a pasage ae incereae or how's pa conscucted, dass, compares, describes evens, or situations. You may be ade. al strength or weaknesses of he argument the autor is making, ro identi captions, ort a countersrgumens Typical questions are 1. John Does judgment thar he fled wae bared on an assumption. Which ofthe il ‘could have served ae tha sumption? 2. Which ofthe following, if true, weaken che above argumel 3. IP sacsment in che passage ste, which ofthe fllowing ut alo be ted 4. Which ofthe fllowing conclusions can be drawn fom the pase? Determining the Meaning of Words from the Context ‘When question ass for che meaning ofa word, i an usually be deduce from the canted passage Remember you ae not required to know the meaning of technical o orig wonEXAMPLE using the 1960 campaign to clean the streets of undesirables dl rman elements 3 force of 10.000 special police was ued to muirtain order. Neverthelose mony of a hunted cme foures fought back wth ive weeps and the sees looked Ike bane, Iie fle. Almost as many poiceren were injure as ciminas This yeas akon wil hee to (5) _beberer planed. BF The penned okton can be described as 1 police oftensve ) pois eampsigr 10 batie Oi law ane oer EE) none ofthe above Thepassce els us tht that tis Hhatit being compared to something H pet tae asthe campaign to lean th year ation hae tobe plennec beter Fron this, we know that happened before which nthe passege mas ring streets, Therefore the bert answer choice is (A and we a that the meening of akon ithe pote oftensivecescibed inthe pasane i Answer pascages with familiar subject matter First: Hateantains nr mace olin thee or ae asl tht iy |, pethaps subjects you have sated or rend You should be sc rea the passage mote quik ject of pusage, do na le overactive You evant anowe be However, even thigh you have urknorlede influ is weriten oF mpl in Kad the question first, then the passage sc enables you Btbe question 2. However, donot read the answer erties a ths ven Beith the question ype Ie You know what lok for filled th passage Piss quickly asyou ca, bue notin haste, Each Reading Comprehension BIESOD words so ever ifyou reac ar « medium rate of 400 words a minute yo wil al Bee fe apsoxincls2 mines, ving 23 minutes for anyeing che gucsons Pisinacly 1.5 minues poe guestion, she gueson asks you to deny che main Epeting erence: sin dhe aummary pac of the pasa. Tn onder Beene the objec, person, or thing ta is the tubjeee of Bethe main poine ce author is making Realng the question such, as, idencifying a main. idea or drawing des, member that oem ic-will be found i identify the main ide he passage. Aak yours all the answer alternatives Bfeorrceansver unc you have Heanor onthe bss of wh nswer choices, Never assume y the major question types. Before taking « Reading Comprehension Sake tars thar you are thoroughly familie with the major question pes The wll ene Bln on the rest and increase youre g the corect answer, Tne will Bere cise you wll know in advance what w read te pes BI He more ees because 6 what seading tactic te fale wich the a types be sure eo cad the "Major Tp Pptension Questions cates n this chap‘Sample Passage and Questions ‘The flowing passage will give you an ide ofthe Format ofthe Reading Comprchensin sel Reale passe dsrough and then answer the questions, making sure ca eave youre enough te complete them ll. TE: 10 minutes Political theories har, in fic, very litle more ta da with musical craton shan ele thcories have. Both merely devemine methods of distribution, The exploitation of methods is subject to political eeulation and it quit rigly regulated in many coil {ine The revolutionary pats, both ia Russia and elsewhere, have red 1 cut compo (6) supposedly revolutionary subjects, The net neu for ether art or revolution ha been very important. Nether has oficial fisie music accomplished much cithe fia or for lealy ot Germany. Pola parey-inluence on music is just censorship anyway. Performances ean be fenand composers cscplne for wha they waite, ut dhe creative cimatu comis ‘where: Nothing relly “nspns” an autor but money 0 Fodor love That pertons or pases sibventining musical use should wish o rein vet poner works used i nor ar all suprising, That our poiial masters (or eur rcprscheve ‘erste a certin nggaiv authority, a censorship, over he explitation of works wha teat they conser dangerous to public well tals inno way novel or surprising, Bal ch poi exeetives should think to eur the musi profession inca 2 calle all ‘hors or a bunch oF hited propagate i aac of them, Out musical clizalon than any polical par. We cn del on terms ofintllectua quality wih couse wth architects, with poets, piers, and hisoras, even with the Roman clergy ia ‘We canna be expected 0 take vey stil the inspirational dictates of pero ra voho chink they can pay us to ge emotional about ies, They can psy uso et em tight. Anybody can. Nothing 0 emotion producing as mone. ut emotions ar-Fctl anor eenerated by ideas. On the contrary ideas at peered by emoronss nd em un, are visceral stats produced dey by it ike money an fel an! sexu To have ay inspirational quay there must be present ft or imme ania pein theaky Now pie-in-the sky hase vines politcal ea I presume, Cereal ost ml to work Foran evencal common good. simply want to make itqute cea ha del ‘the common good {not eo speak of mete political neces) ate not very timultag ‘matter for music. They doit produce visceral moveinents che way facts do, [UH ‘har music descriptions of hell which is something we can all ima vigoous than the placid banaiis shat even the bert composes have sed to desig and that all composers do beter on eeally present maces than on either: mate and hawed and hunving and war and dancing atouad and around The moral of all his is thar the vetoing of abjctvesubjeet- mater a fa stimulation or censorship can go in advancc, Syl fs personal and emocon, oot al all. And form or desig, which i impersonal, is aot subject co any poll ile Te authors making a statement defending 1. jozllectual ceo TI, the spolitealsance of most musicians TIL. emocional honesty ) Lonly B) Woaly (C) Vand tt only (D) Land I only © Ltt and 1he subjoce mater of music musical works Pets only Dari ce vhan He prioindly hen hefner une of social, i econons prs resure ned the couse of Heeb by his subjccr : : e Bysiriien whee: sci Poi sty orn Dist disins Bslicl ies. egatve emotions and dens chan 0 4 role in suppor of, inspite sume Ht moving onc fox mos contemporay compe, Be Ph pois docrnes nwa ilo generate attic erativry became BF nob acne Bhethos is cet ntl over thir cei. be ineleeully f tetionally Hone, I docs not mean deg in politics (patel, Of AEEMPD to cso he an empl ge Suuprising dines 11-13 to autcmpus at The ater does noe BID). 1 is sign Be pingraph ind censorship nor does he tke it sexu ‘mort, although he doesnot bene jn5, (A) See lines 30-32. 6. (B) See paragiaph 4 in which the author state that “ideal” do noe inspite musica do; and also se ines 9-10 and 24-25. [Now that you have reviewed dhe answers, lol tthe same passage marked with cues He question pes M1 Pola eheotes have, in fact, very lle more todo with musical creation ha theories have. Both merely determine methods of dstrbuton. The exp ns is subject political regulation and i quite sgily regulated in mary cl Le ‘The revolutionary pte, both i Russia and clewbere, have tried o crn compost 5) supposedly revoluconary subject-matter ThedieereulDfor either ator revolution been very important, Neither has oficial fncit music accomplished much either fell cor or nly or Germany anyway. Pefoumances ean bel den and composers disciplined for whae they write, but ehecxeaive stimulus comes om (10) where Nocking really “inspires” a author bur money o fod or love Sb CTTadpenons or pate subventioning ical wis should wish train seto pore SE od sed noe a all sarpriing That our poli masters (or our represents fescue a certain negtie authority a censorship, over the exploitation of works whi 57 tent they consider dangerous to public well i also in no way nove o surpei 45) sch political sxecusiets should think to an che musical profession ino a cole L hearst os a bunch of bite propageadit is nave of them, Our musical via palscal party. We can cel on cesms of incllecual equality with al tenginces, with architects, with poets, painers, and histsians even wit the Roman Ffnecesay, We cannot be expected o take very sariouly the inspirational dicts of (20) orf groups eho think hey an pay uso jal abou teas. They can pay ‘motional allright Anybody can. Nthing isso en ducing a* money. Bub ae acral; they ae nor generated by ideas the contenYkleas are generted by vod cmarians. nur, ae Visceral states produced deealy by Facts ike money sexual intercourse To ave any ingpraional quality there most be present fs” 125) ate aniipations, not pie-in-the-sky St CNowple-n-che-shy has its virtues ata politica del, presume. Certainly most 98 S51 towork foran eventual comumon good. I simply want ro make it quite lar tha ied the common good (oot wo speak of mete politcal necesig) ae not very stimulating ai tnatcr for musi, They dont produce visceral movements che way Gc do 1 (G0) that musical descrpcons of hell which is something we can all imagine, are move va 51 vigorous than the plaid banat that ven the best composershave use to deste i land that all composers do beter on really present maters chan on cider: mates I and hatred and hunting aad war end dancing around and around The monibof al thse thatthe vetoing of objective subjec-marer sa a split (25) lation or emorship can goin advance. Sys personal nd emotional. no pli al frm or design, which is impersonal isnot subject to any poiicaldierences of pil Note the marked passage above. Cue words have been ctcled, and major question been mated in che margins. For example inthe fist paragaph the cue words net rsa Hl clreled. These words refer t die senences above and to dhe mi idea (M)—found in che il tence—tht polities and ch are are Foreign to ech othe and that politica regulation of mi the ars docs nothing for then Inthe second paragraph thee a pprsng idea (St and a spectc detail (SO) The wd which appears thre times td beginning of the din pariraph, signals har 2 sane 0b The fin two ince «supporting ide othe eft eis noe arising to Find censor sic works considered tobe dangsous co (otaran) state, The “But” befee the thd “hat Alien ihought har while censorship ay be appli, will not poe the musi poe second "But" and the phrase "On the contrary” signal cha the following ides ordeals peel trating argument what vas pevowly presenceing ofthe fouth paragraph cues sto the introduction of anothes Be Pisses coma co pot kal is asd on the happening shes on ten Bo is the las parsgraph signals summing up ora conchson. Th coe Bi Pe file censrhip of obectie subject manera youl deere sone Bg erste with policing of he ache wo pala” was ude Bene enya sil ot arisic creation i alow abject ofthe pasag Bi iinet Asean he sen fom the masked pase undeinne et de Be POS 0 ole, we can se cat the fs paragraph eons the rai de, Peean (ot msrp conainsaporing es and dats brecaine Bee een) the main ides, wile ce las parsgrph sama up and ges Bp tic sci os Reading Compremion pasise Nos ell eae at quetions ill this on ofthe Veal section tts your understanding ofthe basic rules of suseced on these questions, you need a command ofserrenes one subjectand er agreement, prope cae, pl srucure aed ade spelling or capitalisation 04 wl be given sentences in which all or part of Bees carl ie baked o choose the be phrasing ofthe anderned ps Sates (A) wil aivays be the ccgial phrasing FTaking Tactics Tee cnlt a0 cor inthe sentence must be in the underlined part. Do Pieces inthe res of te scncence eedansi cin {Bat there it am error in the undetined part of the sentence, Be aes noses choice (4), which aye wee e ween ane Bites 1° cist any other answer alemaives thar repeat te te Bilemcnrs 1" anewer any alternative chat changes the meaning ofthe orig. Bas ithe part ofthe sentence are linked logically, Av the caes of + B80" 05" etc) or is one cause subosdinae to anochs heen ae Pao tanges madein the answer atemaives, This cl you wher pce Bot taig oben isbn ‘a be particularly helpful you know tht there ells you che sentence is wrong--hat you come tw choose berween wil lp yo identify the ona you thnk score Derconane cmon grammar and usage eco tested on the GMAT. Among Ba ere ae errsin ve ene and formation anders in the ano plement; eror in pronoun ease and agreement wath nub Biagaee ie of adjectives and aheibs, especially afer verbo of eae $26 erinccors,parlel construction, and unnceaary modifiers ee coonl conic wrt for example fet and el ai a ni Beg Prctbe. Be sre you now the meaning and spling ofthesewords eo Berard corey in the sentence,(Ghats Science Cortestiom Perle —erieie dhtseignbosin: asian ‘ommtoaly found on the GMAT. Examples of incoorect and come sentences regis af Tse of frequently misised wads and prepesitona idioms is provided Sample Question Since the advent of eble television, atthe beginning of this agian stride Foran inchs county (A) this decades, the video indasery tole {B) this decade, the video industry had eaken (© this decae, the vdeo indusry ae taken {D) this decade sw che video indusery caking (E) the decade tha er the video industry take Answer © Analysis The phrase “Since dhe advent..." demands a vet inthe presen peafect Rms chs, el tos corer Choke (| chutpe the Beanang oF A clgued ent. CRITICAL REASONING The Critical Reasoning part of the Verbal section is designed «0 est your ability to ral sssumption, inference, oF argument. Each quettion consis of a short statement folloval ‘question oF assumption abour the statement. Each question or asumprion hae five po ames. Your tsk two evaluate cach ofthe five pombe choices and select the besone Types of Critical Reasoning Quest There area numberof diffene question «yp Inference or Assumption These questions test your abil to evaluate an assumption, inference, or argument NA he given a starement, postion, argument, or fic and wil be aed ro identify «conc claim and the premise om which tis base EXAMPLE Four yeors ago the government ntroduce the Youth Taining Progr to guarantee tn lear schoo an alternate tothe dole. Today, over 150000 16. and 17 year olds are stl Ing on fr unemployment nfs. ich ofthe flowing. tae could account for he above except 1A) The poaram provides uniearesting work. (Byles ciel to ind work forall the programs roduates, (©) The number of 16-17. yr-olg youths as nctessd over ho past four year. (D) Unemployment benefits are known while future aves are not |B Youths re unaware of the progranis bene The conect answers C)the fet tha the numberof 18 and 17-year-old youths has ine does notexplin why unemployed hgh schol graduates do not opt forthe ining prac other aneralkematives do give posible reasons.ond. wing Firen anal BP 00 x rk wo chose the bese akernative anor tha eter repr oF iPr; would weaken the argument or conehison, EXAMPLE BE se tircered by hers whose homicidal tendencies se wiggered by en offical Bish 1877.foresch oxecuton there were about fourhomicides. each ofc inea Petes were tobe executed, up 107,152 adcitional murders would be one of te would weaken the above argument? exceutlonsi¢ 110 166 ipPorettion betneen executions and murders Bins elt om the ign incidence of vio ah pens wil be alse, Belden ro prconers wil be execute Bsr). The author sssumptions that teres aration hetvieen executions en. noe HEBHEIAS executions increas, <0 will homicides—at a glven rate Of course (0 esi the hoicide ate, according to the authors argument wil dene Hove Bethe stongest argument rue—ogainst te authors premise, ce aa cae jents of Fact f Be Bron, you wil be ake vo find de anowe hat hex gees with, summarizes lis the seers, EXAMPLE Bea Wrote his story ofthe ancien vere he mixed the Ines ofthe famous with Bo ese tay. He wanted not onl to recotd the evens that shapes nord bo ce ta Beaders ste of iter pas timas and torawsy places, Phe following bese summarizes the above? Bot performed the ass ofboth hstotan and journal, Hans one cannot reconstruct tines and social cicles, PRtesous rele on gossip and hearsay to compile is essys, Balbus hstory was based on scanty evidence PEAS prefered wring about ho ete, rather than the wer cases, Pans is (A Herodotus wrote about all classes of people, recording not only Bis brents but also the mundane. Therefore he could be classified as a hstovlan onde hs.Test-Taking Tactics 1, First ead the question and then read the passage. Ifyou can identi shequ ‘ype, you wll know what to look orn che passage 2. Learn to spot major critical reasoning question types. The ciegoris of qu and how co emily chem mere discussed. jou ae able to ecognie what questo you will know what reasoning tactic to apply: For example, i you recognize a question Naw ype you are alered tothe face cat you mat ientfy the argument and concarol pase. the question is “Which ofthe follwing, true, ould weaken dhe above gl your ask so find the author’ argumen by identifying the premisels) and conclusion In the factual 1ype of question—for example, "Which of the following best sl fhe statement above must ako be tue"—you look forthe main fats, and what i lami fin the nest step is to determine to what exten che conclsion is subsanvated by th fac ing your judgmenc as to whether or noc the conclusion is substantiated ely only on o¢ “Hf che information ia the scatement i sue, which of he il presented in the pasage and oe on any outside information. Moreover, usune til fers are true, without making any value judemen Look for the conclusion first. Critical caso ning queso ave preceded by ana fr statement that has a conclusion or claim, While it may seem logical that a cml appests a the end of a pusage, it might he given at the beginning or in she middle help you find the conclusion are given in the Critical Resoning Review Find the premises. Premises ae fer ov evidence, Detsimine whether o wot sion fellows logically fiom che premises or whether its merely alleged. A conchatan follow even though premises may be tue, You must determine che legitimacy of sand final conclusions. A number af methods for doing this are given in che Review A typical question mighe ask you to attack or find a fac the weakens nag muse find the premise Cone of the answer altsnatives) chat defeats the authors sun EXAMPLE The Unite! Statos gies illons of dol in foreign aid to Bslris Leaders of Calon es ‘ign ic The United States shoudl scantnueaiec foreign eto developing counties Which ofthe following satemens tue, wauld weaken the above argument? 1) Balonia doesnt need foreign a (B) Baionia isnt a developing county (© @sioninis ruled bya ditaton (D) Balonias balance of payments ci surplus FE Boloniss ecanomy is growing, Inthe above argument. ony one example that of faoni) was used as premise orn enclusion that freian aid shouldbe dicontioued, fit could be shown that alo ‘developing county (Choice 8 then the promi i false andthe concesion inva 5, Do not be opinionated. ‘The statement given in a question nay conan a peli ofview: Do not fom an opinion aboat the statement o its cam. Concentrate on the ofthe argumencand whether ornot the suture and lg is valid. Ace each tater ment, or ted as fet and proceed according 6, Do not be overwhelmed by unfamiliar subjects. Yu are not expect be le subject mane ina particular fields, ceonomics o poll sey. Mes scent al cal words wil be explainedimSoWing LEM SOLVING isbn Ssving parc of the Quancicaive section is designed to test your abilicy to work wih Mere nea varity of qusstions dealing with the basic principles oF arthmedc,algchra, an hse quecions may ake the form of word probes or require stexighe elation. Li justin: involving the inception of tables and graphs may be inled FQtanerve rion ofthe GMAT wil cones ProbleraSolring-type quero. Base upon Be abour 60 percent of the quexions in 4 Quantitative section will be Problem Solving sli Solving ancl Daa Sefficiency scion consist of 37 quesions thar must be anmered Bin inicoF 75 minutes. These questions ange from very eay to quite cllenging, Make bide: your ime so thar you ean ty each questa Taking Tactics PPAsver the question tharis asked. Read the question carly. I’your answer match Bret the choices piven, your answer is uot necessary correct. Some of the choices given cor Beyond co answes you woold obtain by making simp xing or confusing aca and perimeses EXAMPLE 1 P= 2ond <= Athen x 27's Bite oo o2 ws BE Aithenx + y~2means that y must be-2 and choice (fs 2. But (6) snot the answer ueston The question asked forthe value of x + 23, net forthe velue of The conect. Is sce x + 2y 4+ 2-2) = 0. fyou forgot the minus sgn and sey = 2in evaluat P20. ansiver would be 8, which schoiee (8 Bip gre ou practice in avoiding these rypes oF mistakes, some of the choses given on the Bast in this book willbe answers you would obtinifyou made impleertoe. Aer you Fave wore 7 tests, You will know how co ail eros ofthis kind EXAMPLE 2 mich wali cost to fence in field thats 12 feet long and 42 feet wide with fence that cos aye iad) 5340) S508 (0) S540 $1080 multiply 1242 you get Sos however, his the area of the fl in square feet What you fodetermine to answor his ueston the perimeter ofthe id The perimeter ofthe ele BP 12 42+ 42= 103 feet Ifyou malty 106 by $10, you get 1,080, or Howeve, this is ec Tepe $10 pe yrd You must change the perimeter to yards before calculating he 10Bfeet=3= 3614s there are 3feet in} yard) 36yards multiple by $10 per yard equals Pubic is answer choice2, Dont perform unnecessary calculations. Ifyou can, answer th ing or doing s rough calculation rather than by figuring i ut excl. The time yous bbe usd to check sour answers EXAMPLE. Find the value of 2x + 2y ifr 2y and x+y = 10 W4 6 G0 OM Om Nou could solve for x andy and then evaluate 2e +2). 1 is much faster to use the fat 2lc+ is 2x+ 2720 the correct ansner i211) 0 2. 3, Look at the answer choices before you start to work on the problem. Fi questions it may be case and quicker to check the answers than so solve the pole EXAMPLE ‘Which ofthe folowing numbers isthe closest tothe square toot of. 0177 Wms 619 O13 M4 © 0 Toanswer this question, da nat ry 0 find the exact square oot of 0017 and then see whi the choices scesest to yout ansver.Insteed simply square eich answer choice and they tine which closest to O17. Es the eovoct answer (04 x04 6016, which s dose than the squave of any ofthe other cho'ces. 4, Use intelligent guessing to improve your score, You have o answer eich qi onder toa the next question, s if you ve no ides ofthe cnet ansver you se ‘Tom gue, However in mont cases you sould beable cininateat as oneansperchl tlisnasingall he incon choices tha you ca, you should goss one ofthe resin owen if you can sliminate even a sngle choice, you should guess one of he answer In problem solving, you may beable wo eliminate ane or two choices hy a quick catihate, Look at each choice offered, Some choices may obviously be inc tactic can be vey useful for inference question, EXAMPLE iFxys postive then which ofthe follwing concusons vali? x andy are integers) 1 semust be postive 1 xlsnotzero Ii. xmust oe negative 1A) Only! (8) Oni (© land only ) ani only (8 Lanai Since 0 times any number 0s cosy soe that Is val Even Ifyou cant go aay this probe you know that the caret answer must bea choice that ha Is partoFNG So,you know thet isincorret, Guess one of the remaining choices.EXAMPLE ductof2 8432782 she forvllb greater than 21 32, which 6672, oucan eliminate choice (A, ast decal places, so the answer must have four decimal paces and since exec nsier must have 2in the fourth decinal place; thetefore you can elmore youu do the aculaon, then guess), (2, of The cone arene iD) Sour scrap paper to copy diagrams and mark up the diagrams. You wil be po Bid ap per. Make copies of diagrams and make whatever mat wil help you to eesns you ar given che dimension of pare ofa diagram, write ton the dagram BAF old parts ae equal, mark chem as equ. Cross out answers yo have eliminated og Beerkon. problem. 1 diagram isnot sapped, deaw «picture wherene posible sercen as a ruler, Ifyou can cheek your wrk quickly, do so,Tis wil help Baily seakes, For cumple, if you are asked 10 solve an equation, check that your Be ctaly docs satisfy the equation. In many questions, you can catch an abvious enor BRpyaingifyour answer makes sense or by loolcing at an easy ease afte problem, EXAMPLE Fie oto set tothe inequity 2r> Sy 18? However, a mistaken algebra coud give one ofthe athe choees, For lfyou thought the answer was () vyx=-S and seeifitworksand ty x= -7 and see BtWesk Since x= -7 satisfies 2x > 5-18 ansiner{O must nate corece Kyu thought thease then check that x7 works and x= 5 doest work, etc Remember an incor Byer tthe begining oF the test can havea lager sflect on your sore than a ncovect tion theo paper and panel GMAT.8. Ifa problem involves units, keep track of the units. Make sure your answer hil correct units. [Fa problem as forthe aca ofa fur, then your tower should bein Inds ox some qu msuronent. Vela should bein ob measure Speed mel EXAMPLE How much fence willbe needed to enclose arctan eld that 620 feng ant 00 es (my 120 feet (@) 0feer (C} 200Feer (0) 240Teet (&) 2o00Feet ‘he corect ans is 240 fet, which the perimter ofthe Nel you made a mista utiplied length * width (e. you found the aes of the fle) then your answer wou 20 feet 100 feet = 200 square feet hich i not the same as choke (8 you ony ‘the number 2.000 you might have mode the wrong choice 9, Use numerical values to find or check answers chat involve formulas, sions wil have anewees har ws given quantities whose numerical valu sno ple, question may ask forthe cos of making yabjots and he answer choices wlll J livsich problems, assigning value that eavy to compute with can simplify he ind enable you to check your answer EXAMPLE The fist 100 copes ofa poster cstx cans wach aftr the fst 100 copes have been mad ‘copies cost * cents each, How mony cents wil costo mae 300 copies of the paste? 3 1A) 100 & 150e (C) 200 (0) 300) 4003 Te conc ans 100 lus 200) or 504 which Lex = (ines tho rb ‘noose 9 number divsle by 4 Then she fist 100 copies cst 809 cans and ata 5 1 2on, Letting x= 8 the possible arses are 80, 7200, 600,240 ard 3,200, RIE cents each 200 eta copes wil ost 2002 = 400 cents. The total cost «00 ‘When assigning variables avoid the vals O or 1, since 0 simes any numbers = number dacs nae change che umber, IF ther t tore than one unk Gal difereneaurbers eo each quanti This technique cat sometimes help you efiinate answers co problem SOU rake an ineligent pues. Tn many cases you can eliminate all he iachvect choices by this vechaique Si cases formula co compute and wore coward che hardest. If he Formulae ae compl approach may take too much rine, So he sure co check the cme ee and the mil ‘ons left nthe section before use thi sppach on complicated fonBO re oe emsen seer 100 < de on box sats sles ___B Beaton 4 yu coun soe 9=10.and x =2,000 note M0 000 cic of box seats snl general acnision seve Herat, Then 200 s were Sold and 000 genel admission sect ace rag 2 209220. 4000 and tne cal fom gorse ose Bi 2 0 om theses 129006 an anean ae ee ses Btheanser x 40,000 The value of answer (chs. 40.000 DW wath 7,000 ore ‘whichis weong: andl the value of €)i5 2.000 2 10,000 i0 = 89001, whichis income Sethe only pe BBP e655 «conn sible anes Pee sibstiute th values ito choice (A, the te 40,000 0,000 (@ oono} answer So the corect ans WARNING Hsu tis nce Beste to check cholees, ferent k ne assignment of quatiies Hemenber that x or y could be negative, specially if you need to know oo “smaller than.” For example, i+ = 3p, this dos ich is les chan 1 and a negative root to 4?12, Translate the information you are given into numerical or algebraic equati start working a problem, IF there is more thaa one variable in the problem, keg of what each variable represents Tis helpful ea use vsabls chat suggest wha the yal Sos, use the vel reseas. For example, if yu have che equation Profit ~ Revenue (Cohich emu Profit, B= Revenue, and C= Com: The oqation becomes P= informative than =~ Long-Term Strategy for Problem Solving Mast Problem Solving sections contain one or ovo busi 1, Practice arithmetic. the largest umber a ‘ional questions, such as multiplying wo decimals or Rnding tion of factions. IFyou are wed co using a caleletor to do all your arthmeti, ds questions may be dificle for you. Ya cannot wea ealultor onthe GMAT, so pact arithmetic before you take dhe exam, You already know how to do besc computations need wo peactice improve your speed and accuracy. So the Math Revie for comp dlls and practice. 2, Tey to think quanti same way i you want improve your quand ‘When you go roccry shopping try ro Figure out whether the giant sie is cheaper pa than the economy size. When you lok a che news try to male compariions when fi sven. IFyou get wel to thinking quantitatively, che Problem Solving sections willbe tively. Ifyou want wo hea good racer, you should rad Give sl, you should exercise hen il casi for you and you wil feel more confident about the entre exam. Sample Problem Solving Questions Solve the flloeing sample questions, allowing yours 12 mines o complet al of th wonky wed above tacts Any ie tha peat wid problem i dewn sacl ‘ble All numbers wed a el nurs The ana of exch the questions wl cl salty sence ranging from 3 easis)10 9 (haces) An average question wil hae a dic TINE: 12 minutes 1. A tan travel from Albany to Syracuse «detance of 120 mils tthe average 50 niles per hour. The train then eaves back eo Albany rom Syracuse. The ai ‘ime of the tai i 5 hours and 24 minutes, What vas the average rate of spead il fb the earn ap to Albany? (A) 6omph {B) 50 mph (©) 48 mph (D) 40 mph (@) 35 mph 2. A pitking lc charges 2 Mae rate of dollar for any amount oF time up tot oi 2 Sor each hour ot faction of an hous after the fis wo oui. How much 6 push for 5 hours and 15 minus? aa: @ 2x ©) @itxpura bilccs bey bse onal foblem Solving low any oct sumer ate cvisible by both Sand 6 (8) pone 1B) one [G)ev0 1D) itive 1B) mor than the Whats t percent of 022 D1) c0023 {B) 0023 1 23 23 @3 IAWindow has the shape ofa semicircle placed P oetop of square IF the length of aside of Blesquar is 20 inches, how many square Tics shea (4) 400 18) 200" 10) 508 +n) MD) 20002 + =) 1B 4001+ =) Mic of the alow Brands especie paaldogci?| wing set of aus for ate possible if AB 7. 50,130, 50,130 Hl 60, 110,70, 120 Ti. 6,150, so 1) Lon (BH onis (Fad 1 on (D} 12nd 1 ony G8), and Job sighs ok Le’ ws ruc af Maria. Mais weights 60% of Bobi cc weighs 190% of Johns weight, Which of thewo ° 8, There were ? people in s00m when « mectng treed. Q peopl ef the mom dnl Firs hour, while R people entered the room drag the same time. Whac expression gh number of peopl in the vm after the irs hour as percentage ofthe number af in che toom who have been ehere since che meeting start? @ -gem) Pa) (8) 100 x io He, P=) Po (©) 100% Dee eaCeSOeR! © 100 248 eo Answers o 3D 50 20 4 GIA) Analysis 1. (D) The erin ook hours to travel fom Albany to Syracuse Since bh rerveling ime of che cain was 5 2 hour it must have taken the tain 3 hous or from Syracuse w Albany Since the distance taveled is 120 miles, the average speed onthe esta tip wo Alkany vas (2120 p= 40 mph (© le costs for the fest 2 hour, Téyon park 5 hours and 15 minues there ae} r cach hour fraction thereof, i cost 4 [2°] fr he last 3 ours and 15 wi the tral K+ 4x0 12x ‘ () Since 5 and 6 have no common fctors any number divisible by bh 5 and 6 divisible by the product of $ times 6 or 30. The only two digit nusmbessdvislei 30,60, and 90, So, the comsc answer i (D) (A) Remember thatthe decimal equivalent of 1 peteent is 01, To find 1 pxcnt i simply autiply.023 by .01. The anrwer mast have Five decimal places since O23 Alecia places and 01 has two decimal places. Therefore, che correct answe isl choice (A). This isan example ofthe ype of simple calculation that many von AAT will hae in one qusstion inthe Cuandtaive section.9 (©) Copy the diagram oor scrap poper and mark up che lage by dividing the gi Pg ino square and x semicinde 2s shown below Lab) ll the length thee Yours gen, Tie ara ofthe window in che aca of he square plus the area of the semicircle" ses of he sas 2070 400 uaeinche, The a often is of cris the radius of che semis, Sing the side ofthe uate is a diame ofthe 1 1 ‘emiccle, che radius is of 20, or 10jnches. The area of the semi is xn x 100 20m sau inches, Thecor, the ara ofthe window i 400 + 50m = 50(8 + x) Nove thar Yor mus: be able o change your anewer nto she conte fom eo answer thie yori (A The sum ofthe angles of parlelograrn (which i 4-sided) mus be (4 —2)180" «360 rics he tam ofthe values in Il 410, I cannot be correct. The sun olde nendeenne 11s 360, bu aa palelogram opposite angles sat be equal 39 mus eal eon a Sava u Since 60 ds unequal v0 70,11 cannot he cotrect. The sum ofthe ees ie Taek al opposite angles will eeual, $0 In congo {J weighs cose woh t Mars so John cannot weigh the lea: Macs wcghe isles chan Bobb weph so Bai weight snot hele. Dave weigh i of Lek weigh, 40 Les cart weigh the least. The only posible answers are Marca or Dove. So only (8) snd (E) ae posible; if you cant gec any further, you should choow one of hereon Yow anewet since you Rave climinated three choices, Let. M. B.D, and L aed fn the with of Joho, Marcia Bob, Dave and Le spectively. Then D = SL= Stroy ee Since Js 24, we know M5). Thetore Marcia weighs the let leas telp to write the 5 names (or initial) on your paper and crow eu cach incon ice 8s you work thoogh the problem, Along his pole looks cl cis ity simple ifyou approach ina py sep manne. Fis expres the numberof people inthe room afer te er hour Thee sobgin wih and Ql while Rencee, so afr theft hou thee were Po Qe Bsn the room, Second, expres the numberof people who ave been inthe eum ince ing staid. peopl cmered wile the mecing wast popes, oP 2948 PQ ik for pereags To change x numb (ncn) into a percentage, simply malig th guimbet by 100. The correce anne is (B) Ifyou cant work thie cae your lee Pe fe Qe 40 and 2 20, or these vals, 80 people arin the room arte ee hese at Pere ate 60 people left in the ootn a the end ofthe hour who were shee tg tan So Qpeople wer in the room the entre hous, Therefore isthe desired expression. But the question 80/60 ~133-amd 1139 isthe comectanowcs, Now eliinace the anowee which shes acres sult (A) gives GO/8, () gies 120/60» 2, {D) gies 100% (80) © SS nd () gives 100 (120/60) ~ 2000 (B) must be the career ne he roeal posible score for these questions i 47,DATA SUFFICIENCY This ype of question, which also appear inthe Quantitative section, is designed to ws Soning abil. Like the Problem Solsing questions they sequte a basic knowledge of the of asthoetc, algebra, and geometry. Fach Data Suflciency question consists of ma problem and ewe staemens contin information relating t i. You must decide wi problem can be solved by using information fom: (A) the fst statement alone, bus nt statement alone; (B) the second sacement alone, bueno the fst statement als rents together, but athe lone; or (D) either ofthe sttnens alone, Choove (Ef i canoe be solved, even by using both statements cogehee. About 40 percent ofthe queti Quanciaive test wll be Data Sulfciency problems. Approaching these problems propel you achieve a high score Asin the Problem Solving sscron, tine ie of the unos fl Approaching Data Salficcncy problems propesy will help you use this time wise Test-Taking Tactics 1, Make sure you understand the dizections. Reread the pargraph above Ml you know what is being asked. IFyou hive never san this type of question be you do the practice problems tha follow. Ac fist, these questions may scm dial you have worked through several examples, you will stare to fel comforabe wil 2, Dont waste time figuring out the exact answer. Albay xp in min hat a asked supply an answer for che problems you are only asked to determine if hee acs avaiable o find che answer. Once you know wher r nt is posible to dl fiom the given information, yo are done. IFyou waste tine figuring ot the eat say not beable ofnish the ence section EXAMPLE “The profits fa company ore the revenues the company receives minus the costs tht ary pays How mach wore she profit ofthe XYZ.Conpany in 1992? (0) The x¥2-Company had revenues of $112234567 1990, {@) The costs ofthe X¥2 Company were $102479.345n 1998, ‘Tha information given states that hd he prof you nee to know both the ee ‘oss Sot seas 0 see thet both 1) an 2) are needed an a the prof could bea {sing 1) and 2). 5e the answer's), Oe not compute the aot I yu pestorm thea ek to compute the prof, you ae jst wasting me that could be spent on ae . Draw a picture whenever possible. Make a copr of any digrams on 908 ‘marc hem up. LF digram isnot supplied, draw one on your paper. Pictures ail helpful in aay quecon tht involes geomery. Don't make extra assumptions. You ae oaly alone io use the infor foes thar ate always tre (uch a the numberof houre in a day) o awe ho 1 make assumptions abou things such as prices ising every year I you ase dost assume nso lines that appese to he petpendicale are perpendicular ule specifi information tha says the ins are perpendiul. fan ange loks ead assumes 45° unless you ae given tha aceee Uah the questions, Try to adopts content ipproach co Bete Te ysen tha fllows wil help you vo anmwer the quenionr as ne ie iSyou cant complee she problem. You vill haveve iment sonn are Beep ba oer you have done wo, you should be much hener pope yp fgucstons, Data Sufficiency Questions Ba Peete on Dats Sulicency eons By avenge Bt Behe comet choice. In ation, ifyou cam annver nop ent oP Bippestersnae or sono ofthe posible cheese the ou eon take hae Beaten alone sucient to sole the problem? BBE Soh sstement alone suficien a sve che problem? BPA sees ogticr sficieco sles problem Be 222 the gucsions in onder, IM, nein many cates you wil noe Beal thee wm get the coirect choice Bo se the chice question BEANS then the only posible choices are (A) o (D). Now ithe anaver to Bees (D) and if che answer co tis NO, che choice muse oa he BNO he sh only poste choices are). (Co (). Now if the answer Bi Pe srt be (3) andif the anrwer col NO, de oaly ate sens, Bie TIGSYES the choice (©, and ithe answer Il NO, the choie Pettis ito uses decison tre Beant gi the top and by answering YES or NO move down the te uni Bar toi Forexmple ifthe ane oli VES and he ance ete BSED. (Novice thar in this case you dent aed to anrwer lle fedeThe dein ce ar alo help you make incligent gues Ifyou can only answer onecil ‘qesions, then you can eliminate the choice tha follow fiom che wrong answer wo he ul TANPLE I You know the answer to 1s YES. You can dling ebaices (8), (Cal AMPLE 2 You know the anower I is NO, You can clinate choices (D) and if they Follow from YES foe HaoiPle s: You know the answer II is YES, You ca climinate choice (F)sincell from NO fe I EXAMPLE «You know the answer roe NO and the answer to IL is YES, You ea oat (E) since ic follows fom NO to I $inae they follow rams YES to 1 Practice thi system co improve your ability ro aalve as well as enakeelucted gol Sufficiency problen here isan additional practice section of Dae Sulccacy question following the Nail ‘om pages 308-305, The analysis of these exercises (on pages 514-317) ges worked-om 6.1m. many cases you can use simple values to check quickly whether follaves from a given statement. This can be especially useful in deciding da ment docs sot follow fri a given statement EXAMPLE Iska multiple ofr (0) Aisamutple ots, (2) 4a muttine of 12, Wiite out somo simple multiples of (3% 1 ~3, 3% 2= 6 etc. Since 3 snot smi “cls amulple of 6 doss net follow fom kis a multiple of 3" statement) not and the only posible choices are 6, (Cr El Vite some multiles of 12 ox exanpl 36,4, All these are multiples of 6 since 12 2x 6 So statement 2) slide conectansneris ient information to show that the answel ‘question is NO, thar means that there is sufficient information te the questio EXAMPLE Ismaneven inoger? 10) 1= 36 forsome integer 2) a= 2) for some integer The rst tatoment isnot sufclent, since 2% 26 6, which seven, but 3 3198 Ml The second statements sufcent since means shots odd This means tha a main question sno? ar! therefore 8) the conect choiceHor Date Susticen TRATEGY FOR DATA SUFFICIENCY QUESTIONS. RgDita Sufficiency Questions, Mosc people have not hal much experience istion- The more examples you work out the beter you wll peform on this BEB time you have finshed the sample exams, you should fel confident about Disa Suciency questions Ss ely stn ye spl Data Sutin gucions bbw Allow BBE A meter wed aera numbers, Afiguc ghcn rs pobon Bonnin th axes Thana foreach qucton el ede Hom 3 (exes) w 9 thardas) with 6 ilicating 2 quesion of serge dil Broke following problems has « Question and ewo sateen wiih dee HP) ie he i ive in (1 anc (2) egether with other available infor Femumber of hours n a day, the defniion of lckue, mathematical fica, her he sacnents are sufi to answer the question, Then choove Beste sows from (1) ALONE but nat fom (2) alone Beste answer fiom (2) ALONE but not fom (1) alone Bip et he snowe tom BOTH (1) and (2) TOGETHER, bu not om (1) Boos Sinemet (1) ALONE OR sersmene (2) ALONE sufces {OF gee answer from statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER, bus toss eral nubs figure piven ora problem is intended eo provide infor BRewil tat nthe question, burn ascewaiy consistene wih he sone Geode stems, Bele is 40 yas long. Find the area ofthe fel Hebeeivund te rsre boundary ofthe eld i 140 yants long, Bell rove chan 20 yards wid i greser chan vera? Bra plane produces hows. In 2001 the number of bores produced by the plane Bie omibcr produced in 2000. How many bottles wete produced alts i Bjeare 2000, 2001, ead 2062 DF the number of bose prshiced was 3 tims the number produced in 2000, PHBA the ourber of bos produced was one half the toalproaced in the years too, 2001, and 2002,;pico} GMAT Questions and How to.Ag ‘Arman 6 fet ls standing neat a poe, On the top of the poe is alight. What length of che shadow cast by the man? (0) The pole 18 fect high, [2) ‘The aan is 12 fet Tom the pole Find the length of RSP 2s 90° and 2-6 1) PR 2) x= 45 f “Working at «constant and by himself cakes worker U thre hours ce ill up deh with sand, Hl long would ic ake for worker Vo ill up the same dich ya by hensel (1) Working rogecher bue adhe same time U and V an fillin che ditch in 1 howe (2) In any length ofime workcells in only 6046 as uch at worker Coes i Dia Jolin go tothe beach yesterday? (0) IF ohn goes wo the beach, he wil be sunburned dhe next dy. {Q) John is sunbed today: Answers: ns 5.0) 2B) Analysis 1. (A) The sea ofa eetangle the length multiplied by the deh, Sines you know de ‘40 yas, you must find out the wid inorder to sole che problem. Since statemel tayo dh with seater than 20 yards you cannot Find out the exact width using (2 fone i nt sult, Sacment (1) st dhe length ofa Fence around the enti boa tthe fl is 140 yards The length ofthis ences de perimeter ofthe cng, he tice the length and ewice the with ave ele the length by 4D in P= 2» 2a 140 = 2040)» 2 which ean be sod for WV. On che test dont waste cme cal the area, Ae this pine you now that 1) alone is ufcent. So the correct choice ——— (B) Suaemeat (1) means X2 = 1, bot these ae two posable slatons to this aqui cose x Thus sing (1) alone you canor deduce wheter Xis poste Or 6 Seacment @) means X®= -1, but there is only one posible (eal) solution 10 i Thar Js nor renter than ze, which answer the question. And (2) alone isi (9 7, che vr produced in the choc yam, che sum of P+ Py + Py, where Pt + pradce in 2000, P, the suber prodaced in 2001, and P the number oda 20 You are given that Py = 2%. This T= Pye Py + Py= Py +204 + P= SO four find out and Po awe the question. Statement (1) says 1 = 3 thm () if an Gnd the value of Pe cam ind 7: Bat (2) ves us no frher informa 2 Senemene 2) sys My T equa the number produced in 2003, bu ic docs 1008 tide number is, Since there are no relations given beeen production in 2008 and in de india yeats 2000, 2001, o 2002 yo canaot use (2) ro find our what Fy {and (2) gether tenor sliien4) Sometimes i may hep 0 dew & picture: By propoitions oc by similar ingles the eight ofthe pole, sto 6 fee oo the length of shadow, + the distance 6 the pole sis Beam. Tush 6, + Arby emoenmulipicen, Solving for «gives dn ~ 61= 6x, or (6-6) ~ Gx, or, finaly, we have s = 8% a5 Ststoment (0) sys b= 18; chun 5S. bur sing (1) ane we ane deduce the 2 value Thus (1) sone is oe sulicient. Statement (2) ys equals 12; thus, wing (1) and (@) together sve dedace 5 6, busing (2) alone all we can deduces cht s= 72 which canoe bese for nies we know b Thus using (1) and (2) ogther we can deduce the answer but (1) alone is nor sufficient nor is (2) alone, (D) Since sia sight angle: (29) (P5)*+ (PR? 40 (RS? = (6° + (PRP, and AS willbe he Pestve square root of 36-+ (PR. Thus, if you can find the length o€ PR ihe problen i Solved: Sexement (1) sas PR = 6 thus (R92 = 36 +36, 0 RS 6-V2 , Thus (1) clone vou cient. Statement (2) sys = 45° bt since the am ofthe angles ing uiangle & 190" et DU thea = 45S, xand ate equal anges and hat mens the ses ope rand ompae yma be equal or P5= PR Thus, P= Gand RS 6 V2 90 (2) alone ho shecne (ht) ays and Viogether can flim the dich in 1 hours, Since Ucan fil the Ach i 3 hours in 1 hous he can fill in onecint ofthe ditch. lence, in 12 hous 1/15) E = 2 ofthe ditch, So Vis in 2 of the dich in 1 ue Th 5 5 5 would fill in Yoo eke |) 42] = 5 hous she dich working by hel. Terre, tema ile (1 ones suficent Acconting ro stacement (2) since Ul he dich in 3 hours, Vol ofthe dich in 3 hours. Thus, Vwill ake 5 hours olin dhe dich working alone ) Obviouly. richer tarement alone is sufficient. John cold have goten sunburn at che ch, but he might have gorensunbuned somewhere ee. Therfwe, (1) snl) eegen arent suifcent. This problem ss your grasp ofan clementay rule of logic rather har your mathematical knowledge The cot sore fr all these questions is 37QUANTITATIVE SECTION TIME: 75 miNUTES 37 QUESTIONS This setion consis oF evo types of quctions: Problem Solving and Data Sufficiency Probleis Solving Directions: Solve exch ofthe following problea then indicate the corect ance NOTE: figore tha appears witha problem ie drawn as accratelyas possible wo 2 vide informacion chat may help in answering the question Numbees jo this est ase nal numbers Dita Sufisiney Dirctows: Each of the fllowing, problems has a question and two sencmcits wil Tabled (1) and (2), Use che data given in (1) and (2) roger wich ochet ave a tion {atch the number of ious ada. she definition af eck mathematical a to decide whether the satements ae su sent vases: the question, Then ln spa (A) Ifyou can ge the arson Som (1) ALONE but aot from (2 alone {) Ifyou ean get che answer from (2) ALONE but aot foe (1) alone (©) Ifyou can get che ansver from BOTH (1) and (2) TOGETHER but nor fom (0) alone of 2) alone {D) EITHER sucment (1) ALONE OR weet (2) ALONE sulies (©) you CANNOT gg che ansver fom seaceaneis (|) andl (2) TOGETHER bu noel even move dita All munibers usin shis section ae tea numbers. A Bigure given for 2 problem is intend eo provide information conse with hag ‘question, but noe necessary withthe addconal information contained inthe at All gure lie in che plane unless you are col other. Figures are drawn as accurately a posible taght lines may aoe =ppcar sight otBev aniers alysis BENGE rectangles increased by 20 percent andl the wich is decreed erase by 20% Sew by 20%, Be ech rake the Fx 1,000 copies of a compat dic and ydollas to Bee eters copy I cis greater than 1,000, how muny dase val oc, BE top oF the cmnpact dine Bios +5 a9 TM (2-3) «7 T0025), «2 M0 fx) «5 Bee ees ives sais the towing propery? The ast dig units digi) BiareoF the two-digit mamber is 8, ‘off afie is vale doubled Eat 5 cimes its purchase price. What was ber toa profi p P Bp ii ec of City A, City Cis 6 miles north of cy B Cry Dis 16 miles Bera cys 12 wes north of cy D. Whar ete dstnce Gore ne e 3 and yisa number satsying 7 < y= 8, which of the Fpepision: will hve the eget valu?Diagnostic Test with Answers andl (A) Tsou can get the answer fiom (1) ALONE bu no en (2) alone (B) Ifyou can get the answee from (2) ALONE bur not from (1) alone (©) Ifyou an ge the answer ftom BOTH (1) and (2) TOGETHER but not fiom (1 alone o (2) alone (D) IWEITHER staement (1) ALONE OR statement (2) ALONE sulies {E) Ifyou CANNOT gee che answer from searements (1) and (2) TOGETHER bu reed even mone data ‘The median salary ofthe employes in the sales department in 1999 was Se. I average ras forthe net yeat was $800 per employee. What wis the median il ofthe employee in che sles department in 2000? (= 48,000 (2) The range of the sles inthe sles department in 2000 was $12,000 1150 appre can lh 4 hor and 30a wor ll fame )pb ind in, how mil of gob id be aml and 15 shed wre in ou? wd @ 9 ® a Tage ae cet gt nod fa ies eae g ne ae segment AD is ie ® (YerBMRA n:Iers ane Araysis Bg FO ALONE bt Foes ae ge = F012) ALONE bur ror foe ch se he ansve rom BOTH (1) and (2) TOGETHER bux moe fom alone BA DDALONE OR surement (2) ALONE auc gg Ore fom sarees (and) TOGETHER, uc edits, 2 elon. A gatlon of oar of sl ill for $5. The owes MES ues oo Wha sche ise enough bor $12 and a quae of the 4 renal agency has 6 machines and cach machine ‘money she muse spend to Blot which conrsins 70 parking epces. Each ow inthe paring loc he store has buy ber of parking spaces * addons propey bul, 2 parking spaces (othe parking low Aer Hainthesane nimber of Pking loc belo hea Ingest reps» fee Be nes tan snot pae ad he emg I Boces Bitches ong, Bice ACDis sanighe ine, Whacis ihe value oF56 (A) Ifyou can get che enswer from (1) ALONE but not fu (3) alone (B) Tf you cn ge the answes from (2) ALONE but not fom (1) alone (©) Ifyou can ges the answer from BOTH (1) end (2) TOGETHER bic not kom (1) alone of) alone (D) EITHER stsement (1) ALONE OR statement (2} ALONE sulfies (8) Ifyou CANNOT ger che answer fm serement (1) ane (2) TOGETHER but nse even more data 14, Whar is che value of 2 o = 6 @) yorys1-0 Tio pipes, and B,empry into a reservoie Pipe can él by isl: How tong will take for i | the reser 30 pe A and pipe B cogechee wo ill up the By fl pipe Ban ill the sescrois in 20 xinutes (2) Pipe Bhas 2 larger cro sectional area chan pipe A 16, ABis perpendicular 9 COIs A or Belone o CP (1) Oise thin OR, 2) ACBDIs noe a parallelogram, Isaygremer tl and yare both poste (1) vis ee than 1 (2) yi goeaer tha 1#ahe anaes om (1) ALONE int nor from (2) alone ke answer fiom (2) ALONE bu not from (1 alone (1) ALONE OR statement (2) ALONE suices erthe answer fom saterens (1) and (2) TOGETHER but edt BBD isa prclclogram, Plenes town A foe worn Band wale ea constant rate of sped. At the same Hi Slaves town Borrow A and abo travel ata constant at of pec HG betven A and 8, Which ain i trvcing faster? Tonys A, Cand Bie sigh ine Hain Saninesac town Chefore sin 7 Gibdlnes to than wo 6(A) TF you can gee the ans from (1) ALONE bor not fom (2) alone 1B) Ifyou can get the anmver fiom (2} ALONE bu not from (1) alone {6) Tryout can ge the answer from BOTH (2) and (2) TOGETHER bur no Goin (i) lone oF (2) alone {D) WEITIIER satemens (1) ALONE OR statement 2} ALONE sales [B) Ifyou CANNOT ge dhe ansver from statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER ba eed even more data 22,_Did che XYZ, Corporation have higher sks in 1988 orn 1989? Aste are posite (1) Tn 1988, the sles were swe the average Griehmeric mean) of dhe sei 1089, and 1990 (2) 101990, the sales were 3 times those in 1989. ABDCa square (1) Cis perpendicular ro AD. a) BE» FC ‘isan integer alive by 122 (1) bisdivsble by (2) bisdvisileby 3 Did the price oF ber rise by more chan 10 percent las yet? (1) Lambe exports inseaed by 20 perce @) The amount of timber cut decreased by 10 perce ‘What waste price ofa dozen eggs during the 15th week ofthe year 20H (1) During the Fse week of 2004 the price ofa donen eggs was 758 2) The pce of doen eps tse 1¢ a eck every week during he Bi oF 2008fe tnener en (1) ALONE but nr om (2) alone ase fom (2) ALONE bu not fom (1) alone fe tsve from BOTH (1) and (2) TOGETHER bur no: fiom ut [1] ALONE OR stccment (2) ALONE sofices GO ge ths anne fro statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER but Becta sequal tothe are of «square Pict ofthe ctangle must be Bato the psi of he sys othe perimeter ofthe square tvs the pincer ofthe square Bei the square ror of che perimeter of che square aie above Tithe llowing ae possible values forthe anges ofa parla iP, 97,907 7, 507140 BP, 130, 50°, 130 Healy Fan only Hand It en and 1 Ppa fore in the school library ther are 2 science hooks; fr each science book Beate Txonomice hooks, Expres the rst of economics bool to science hooks Bride inthe school library as ciple ai,Diagnostic Test with Answer There ae 50 employes in the offie oF ABC Company: OF dee, 22 haved sccounting cour, 15 have ten a core i nance, and 14 have ken ama course. Nine of the employees have taken exactly wen ofthe courses, and a has cen ll chess ofthe courses, How many ofthe 50 employees have ka the core ia) 0 m9 O11 Hrs yo Gand x y= 3, then + 2yis How mich interest wil $2,000 earn at an anal rte oF 8 percent it inners is compounded evry 6 months? (W) $160.00 @) $163.20 (©) 3249.73, p) $332.80 ) $2,163.20 IBCs parle © AD and GE's perpendicular co AD, shen che aca ofl (a) ad (8) bd ae (Od 1D) bea (6) Seby SedBer re cat $1.00 pout, and the price wipes ey mani ig wilt be unl eh price oF tak is $81.00 3 pound? Sipe em Bumbo pons of mersection of wo crcl dit hie i? IETHERE IS STILL MME REMAINING, YOU May Review your answers. arVERBAL SECTION TIME: 75 MINUTES 41 QUESTIONS Reading Comprehension Directions This scion contains ees reading passages Yu are to read cack oe ‘When annvering che questions, ou willbe allowed to fer back o the pases ‘os are based on what i ze on peda ech pacsage Critical Reasoning Directions: For each question in this exon, choose the best answer among che Sentence Contction Diretony This part ofthe section consists of a number of wneences in each ob pact or the whole is underlined. Each sentence i allowed by Fie alternate Ye underlined portion. Selec de lteratie you canrider both most const and me acconling to the reqluementsofstandanl weiten English. Ansoer (A) i he a original version you thik the exiginal erin is best, select answer (A) In considering the snow choses be attentive to matters of grammar, diction aa 2s Well a cat precision, and Fancy: Do ot selce an answer ea hes he the orginal sentenceHAasrers and Anais Btteprncicis sen asa individual who osens and operates snl bus Po ow and opersc a small business—ar even a big business docs Be anirprenes- fhe person isa ue entepreneut then new prod Mane ad new ways of proving services ate being aspen Bling conchsons can bes be drawn fom the above paige? Boba lige business may be an entrepreneur Biko erlops an enterprise may be consideted an cnucpreneur ers door own and eperae smal busines Bpipeti are the main score in coonomic growth Psu are inst, Beis occur aire was qui appent ashi whop chal bong Sthom we had broughe ion we had brought Bbes hom we had brought otha we hal broughe bvio we had brung onthe fling pasage Be sepe Pred as an applied sient, and, ined, he is widely sogarded wx MN SSaiys maser clinician, However in viewing Mars as an appked social cx Bees Nested is har of « Machiavellian operationalsm, The objective neither BPs hin. The senpion i simply that hei beter undercod for being Sexiologist. This sin pate the clear implication of Mavs Those Bh wich calminate in che resounding 11h chess: “The philenophets have onl Berd in difrcar ways; the poin, howevey, is to change iu” This would he act cred of pple sciemsses everywhere Be Fastin, concered solely with understanding sciey, buc Promethean Bp ntestand ic wel enough to influence an to change is He was cently Bebe scl poems of uy group, the proktaran nd deena BP Wot mocirated by an elo to reduce thee sulering, a he saw i. Fis Beale incressng misery and aicnation engendered endemic caw sirup clined that his would culminate evolsin; hs therapeu pesrip, fciousness and active srugple Be Pesesing Dark or Freud, the issue ie noe ther his analysis mp Hor sisifially adequate, Fuschermore, whether or not this formulae Blsisete Mars’ revolutionary cote ae critics on the le may charge, or whether Bltion provides Macx with a new vencer of academic eespctabiiey as etcn oa BS lege eaireyiclevans fromm the presene standpoint. Insofar a» Mason Bei scents’ work conforms wo a generalized move of applied soval tence Be Pelion rite to the value ac socal problers of lsymen in is BoP) be trsted a an applied socal viene, BRE Dit incllecusisicproclvcesand rationale pathos, he was oo much BBSAGETpcan wsbulence to tur his back on the travail of his culture, “Wh Steed of alc i this knowledge cannot aid usin fhe asked. “Socal ed. Bail Ean prove us with rues of action forthe face" Dusit, lke Mine, Pfsten san agency of social action and like him was prfesonally evened Gilstad problems of tyrnen inhi society. Unless one sees that Durkheim wan th PBEM applied socal scenic, iis imposile ro understand why he concludes ha Beta sed of Snide wth a chapter on “Pracieal Comequences” andl nly ete flab he proposes «specific remedyWhich of the following best describes the author's conception ofan appli (A) A profesional who listens ro people’ problems (8). A profesional who scks social action and change (©) Ardent of sociecy (D) A proponent of css suse {E) A philesopher who intexprets the word in a unique way According t the author which ofthe follwing did Marx and Dui (A). A bein dhe importance of las seugae (B)_ A desire cea a system of sxial organization (C)_ An incre in penology (D)_ Regard fo the pracccal applications of sence [B} A seacof the political ganization of vcily Ie may be inferred fom the passage thar the applied socal scienis ight Bl in all ofthe following subjects exept (A) the chery of mechanics (B)_ how co make workers more ecient (C)_rchabiltation of juvenile delingsenss (D) reduction of social tensions (2) industrial safey 6. Which of the fllowing bes summarizes the aucho?’s main point? (A). Marx and Duekhlmn were similar their ides. (8). Freud, Mang and Durkheim were al social scents (©) Philosophers, among others, who are regasded as cheorsticians onal ss empiriins (D) Maryan Duskbeim were applied soil sents because they wat ‘wth che soltion of socal probleme (@) Pare and applied sciences have fandarmenaly similar objective Dring the incumbent presidenes term of office he succeded in liming incteaes in dhe defense bulge by an average ofS percent His predecesl annual increases of 8 percent. Therefore, che incumbent pesider shoul Tar che downrn in defense outlays Which ofthe following saremencs, f true, woul! mos sesously weaken (8) Some generals have claimed chat the courneys defenses have wes pat yas (8). More soldiers were diafied during the former presidents tem of ag (©), The incumbent president advocates peaceful rsolucion of itera (D) The average annual ialaon rate during dhe incumbene presidente 46, while during his predacesrs term ie was 109, 46), A disarmament eeay with a major adversary was signed by che indi presidentBAsWers ort Anoys than Som than Harold ris thin Gene Heese the sins hig BFE hich ofthe Sllowring condsions must ako be usd Beil than eve Hvis alle thant, Blithoser dan Hin les than Hiro, Behorc chan Hav Bs the mex finaly ofall pre nt and diffrent fom the ocr, he haat Bio the others he hada’ hardly any fiends excepx me ily any lends excepe he bad hardly any fiends cxcepe me Bee nthe ches had’ hasly any fiends exepe liom the ochers, he hardly had any Giends excepe | Pad bere be rive, Bikol enc belore he saved FER Feber to che had arived BB spsrmashec ‘ui, had successfully implemented en in-score promotional a lage screen. The purpose of che BIW torre cusiomners ro purchase produces ch HFS iced che sore The sles manager of ied or video messages Rached on iy had nor planned eo Build Ie loc Peake orcs, sa che campaign and plans toi a chin of ice i ae Bail Bite and hardare products ac the ame flan ol succeslly without svc les camaign buy products does not BSYoboth supermarket and hardware procucis Be campaigns ae ore etetive than oun ine do not sel hanna prod line decison makin Aller subseanally when ie of score advertising and salesser ond Questions 12-16 ae heed onthe filing pase ln the 1970s, Charles Koyal ar Moun Palomar Observatory discovered Chia ‘id whose oxbie was in che vicinity of Saturn and Uranus fe fom ees kom In the 1990s, obotic elescopes began to comb the Kuiper Belt, the ion system beyond the oric of Nepeune. More than 400 objets were dscvete hl biggest objet about half de sie of Put, Tas year, the farthest asteroid to date was found: Sedna, named aft a all who dwells in a caveat the bottom ofthe Arctic Ocean, Seda has very ec takes it nearly 1,000 times father from che Sun than Pluto and eure he Kal In carly January 2005, che same tea that discovered Sent Foul ge is lighe and absence of infiaed radiation, the ram of Brown, Tj, nd Al ‘etain tha che objects size is berwecn that of lato (1.485 mikey scr) al (2.160 tiles across Its temporary name i 2003 UB313. Presently the object i 9 bilion mil abou thre times a far a Pleo. Ae this distance from the Sun, 2048 LBS temperature of 415° blew rr, This Kuiper Bele object takes 56) Earth yeazs eo orbit she Sun 2005 UDI atl of 44 degrees tothe plane of che solar stm, moce than eve he ed Previous planct rood holder). Is minim solar distance i 3.3 billion yan tage of Nepeunes 2003 UB}13' orbit is wel known duct its beng capture on wide ag taken in 2003 by the 4-feoe-wide Schmidt eelecope on Moune Paloma Will UIS13 be called the tenth plane’ The decison is up to the Ine nomics! Union. Aeris at minéplanes mot of which ae loca inthe acc ll ‘ovbis of Mars and Jupite- The largest af the belt ster is Cves, abou ll fic, roughly che Sze of Teas). Mort asteroids are much smaller, peal al While mos asteroids keep thir distance from Far theve ate probable thac ate loced in che inne solar ysem and may cross Eaehs orbit Lise summer a sobotic telescope discovered 1,000-footwide ae Eantseubit, The objects 99942 Apophis. Once Apophis bic wax dl positions decades ahead were generated by computer, There was a shock when an cul study showed Apophis bean ali Earth in 2029, More eutly observations were utilized to refine Apopis ait ions showed dat on April 13,2029, Apophis would instead pss 22,000 a which is 2 Tile les han shee Earth diameters. Apophis wil then be i ye from Eusope and western Afi The author provides information chat would answer which ofthe lol (A) What ate some of the cases oF aeroid? (B) Whois Charles Kowal. (©) hace astero (D) When will Nepane collide with Eareh? AE) Hlow far ate asteroids fom the sun? Te may be concluded from the passage chat (A) the Kuiper Bel includes 1,000 asteroids (8). there isa chance that Apophis may cllde with Earth (©) most asteroids sre dangerously clase to Earth (D) here is no inherene danger from fling asteroids (©) asteroid research snot very advanced sientifeallyPfalotng tiles bese describes the contents ofthe pase? np of Astciids on she Soar Sten” athe Tene Planer soi Are Discover ESorh fir Aseroids of mahing test lind of PaO who | fel world be capable of making these kind of iupenon wo | feel would be capable of making these kind of Bison who Ifa would be capable of making these kinds of Bp whom fel would be capable of making these kinds of Plpecon how Ife would be capable of making this kind of BEsiL Io rneship by unions isthe lates stp in che progression from man employee ownership. Employee ownership ean save depresed and Billing sstements. i ene, provide support for che claim above exe Gp companies generally have higher prodccvty Biplos pctpacon in management raises more je aioncwnersip dives up salaries and wages. lie ion ownership enables workers o share in che profits, Benin omnership makes ic easier to ly of redundant workers Pefeol ol and other combustible energy sources produces carbon dioxide, bitten ofthe amosphere. Elevated levels of cacbon dioxide are thought «0 Bis for half och greenhouse cic. Enough carbon diowde has been sent Betphere lead to cass x significane temperature increase. Growth in elucion must be slowed, or pructon processes must be changed. Hefti fllowing true, would rend o weaken the siength ofthe above Byars ofthe wold ace coll anyway, so smal tse in temperature would Bence IGtbo dioxide is ba for che health Bat aon dixie seme by automobiles Midiseis switching over co syntheic quid uel extracted from coal. PPAF 0 other energy sources would be too costly(Queens 20-24 are based onthe fillowing page The inswuions engaged in atte or scenic activity ae xray one maintenance and extension of call stems. The growth of gover hme these areas suggests chat fcilation and production of culture has become activity in the Lied Sete. The objecives underlying this sat interventan lnderstood, The central purpose of this paper iso evaluate the relacive sei alternative explanations forthe goverment involvement in the producindl second purpose fo suggest the ily impact of goserament patronage on gi ence, soc sciences, anlar in Ametia Four distinct model for explaining dhe tate’ growing invest inthe pad ture can beidemifed. One model emphasizes che value of patronage forthe il the cultural instiations ia question. second model sresee the us Ol for capital accumulation. A thi! model points toward the value of suppor 1 for dhe administration of government programs. The fourth model el logical potential of science and art aa primary reson for governmen: pat Stience and at for their on rake. The fst model of government patonigell fon the structural funtion tsumption that the government i sae rene for the arscuation and pursuit of collective goals in 2 society Wi utonomoxssubyjtems, Pure science and ar ae vial societal subsscens ai mene moves to protect and develop these ares to ensure the continued ei ture forthe benef of all members of socey, Thus, che Two important corollaries follow fons thi formulation, revuble, Fist, che timing of government intervention should primary bel nomic eises faced by the ure and sciences chemsclves, no to cries in thea run. Similars Funding shoul be p tnaking the greatest contribution to the advance ofthe scien dicplingi relevance far outside problems or eres.” Which of she flowing best summarizes che four culture production madd in the passage? (A) They are based on economic ier (8). They expin why government shoul! supporeculurl scien (©) They argue agtnse government intervention. AD) ‘They are not well undersood, (8). They argue fora separation of government and the a The major objective of che page i to (8) increate appreciation forthe ats (8) provide an ideological basis for sts Funding (C)_Expsin why goverment soppors cla aves (D) argue for more government support ofthe ats and sclences AE). deronseate cltural acces in the Unies SeaterSteel rf: govemmen: progeams is Be Prvide by gorcenmenc only ata as ey Bele Bate project of value o the goose Bo Bitte nly oongovernmeatl copiers BEDE Ake goverment ee ltcing PBeBy ibe greens intionay Pelt cuthr ofthe panage is that Bg tees hae ber anda by the goveenme BNA til oberes ofthe ats and gen Bega 2" the as and emesis dadining Beeteet ences are noe dcpendeon on ne ES thd science ws coerher, venient funding. Be eet tho heared wines aly whe ce nrg BP eo0Ue funds bekonge vo which chr bm se Biss aplicacon ne rogram Of the above Bal te ftrving pasage I the bills provisions fr tak Ametican exports is juste i the 1930 succeeded Bie Os bustng pinenes of the new ede bil eo patriotism oF opponents Be ppen=n charac rather than their lis gan sere theme cae bil and previous ead ei retorts wee spin both pisces ef resins iba previous egisation ni Ko pert ely ston agains fongn Big eon oot defend themsehes spo she ators sea ng th Ba bilan proved che ead balance dc pot mean tae BE een bill wi do the sam PSs asec avays it Bee tied ce dtc bth in the 1930¢and see time of the i Biles ors swong asthe 19305 bil Boe etos pane have lo pased sir egidaronBeside mis chore cr: many pana srhn wets alinesther goruied blll {A}. Beside me thete were many petsoas ho wete altogether aggrated {Bev me, here wore many pesoas who were all together aggravated (©) Besides mes there were many perions who were altogether aggravate (D) Besides me, there wete many persone who were altogether rated {)_ Basie mo here were many person who were all together iat The owner whe wn kind mat, spok othe boy and he was vey cud (A) who was kind man, spoke t she boy and he (B)_ vas a kind man and he spoke 1o the bey and e (C)_ spoke tothe os kindly and the boy (D) a kind man, spoke to she boy who E) who wae a ind man spl the boy and he Because me coopeated rages ws divided up the wodk-on the epart been assigned, (A) together we divided up the work on dhe repre ear had ben sige (8) cogether, we divided the work on che report dha had been asgne (©) we dvded up the work on the repo chat was assigned (D) we divided the work on che asin epor [b} We divided up the work on the assigned report Daring 1999, advenising xpendicures on canned food products increas 20 pescene, hile canned fod consumption rose by 25 percent Each ofthe following, if ena, could help to explain the incrent in food cape (A). Advetiing effectiveness increased (8). Cannes feed prices decreed relarive to sbtieuts (©) Canned foed produce were avaiable in more sores (D) Gan opener production doubled ()_Pereapita consumption of frozen foods declined Inflation rose by 5.1 percent ener dhe vecond quarter, up from 1 penal fist quirer of the year, al higher chan the 3.3 peeent recorded during las year, Howeves the higher price index did not sce to alarm Val Sam prices remined sted Which ofthe following if ru, could explain chic reaczion to Wal Sa A) Stock prices were steady because ofa fear tha inflation would Cat 'B) The president announced tha he was concerned about ring in conomisss warned that inflaton would pets. ‘Mach ofthe quarterly increase in che price level was doe co 2 Sun affect on food price (Other unfavorable economic news hal overshakPied st checole lis nek, Te be Bbc tind wind of tc counspcn Bel epi Sit. wonder chet shocked by che poor behavior of les ur the profesor ae very er. have come here inthe fre place, Hn fr, would weaken the above concision? Besse noe ars hep eo stadens BoE has mote dha $0,000 sauder. Beli fi fr the sates horn pivesors have docortes, Pataioe was uns of saying ache college. HSS foster ine opinion. she though dhe bill shold be ceed PPE hatin her opinion, she choughe the bil shouldbe refered back PPB ay tac she dough te bil should he reecred back BD thar se though che bil shoul! be sefered that inher opinions, the bill should be eefered By tars though the bil shoul be vtec BeLesncur with your decision so my-and ran for offic Hein With yor decision to ty and Béoncirin your decision co ry «0 Maevrin your decision wo try and Meter in your decision 1 xy and recur vith your decison to uy. wo Pred of the union i who ix also a meme of the comm lage of he segrxiaco unity group, Biialia member ofthe community group Bebe ie member ofthe community her of Bbsipga mene of the community group eloup the community group Bellies who isa member ofthe community group Betis isposl company incrssed is profibiiy even tho nh ie reduced is aero arcu new eu made possible dough the we of workers needed per eck. The omer This Was els thereby reducing che number of BaP sched fom a conceruration on howueheld hauling to a concentasion perience, company’ management planned real size of the ruck et, doubling Bil haling Aca real ofits Bealisold tucks and increase the capaci Py plan, a ouslinc! above, takes nto consideration cach of the following $Ebiieria sn have more poteaval chan howschold customers Wstaran for gchage removal services is sense to pice Ein fo girbage removal ablng Boiling ofexpacity would nor case boedenec, lad, services would ines in the fiture of capicty would noc necessete «substantial increase inthe workforce4a. Every tow witha poo hall has is share of unsavory characters Tis iB hell atracts gatblers and al gamblers are ansavor. Which of the fllowing, frie, cannot he inferred fiom the above A) All gambler ate unsavory (2) All poo! halle aeact gambler (Overy cow has unsavory charactess. (D) All gamblers are acted by pool hal (&)_ An explanation of whe seats gamblers In an August 2000 pol, 36 persent of voters called chemseles Republi they were independents leaning toward being Republicans. In Novel Republican igure rose co 47 percent, But ina later survey, the Republi to 38 percent. Therefore, che Democrats ar likely co win the next ect ‘Which of che following, iru, would most seriously ween the abate il (A). Republicans were a minority in 2004, but a Republican presidene ta {B) People tend to switch cir vores a the lst minute IO) People vote forthe her candidate, not fot apolitical par [D) Noone can price how people wil vor, (E) Ic has been shows that 85% of Republi vow in an election, eo 5096 of che Democrat Areage family income i sight where ic was 20 yeas ago, eventhough i these days, oth husbands and wives are working The above statement implies ll othe following exceps 1A). Even choogh nominal family income may have increased infion Hal qual rte (8). More hushands an wives at working today chan 20 yeas E©)_ewas more prevalent fr oly one spouse eo work 20 yeas ago tan (D) Wives carn more chan husbands toda (6) The price level was lower 20 yats ago owmwanl stoke (8) to ola the ch ig, keeping his ee onthe bal. uit, but tae too much Force should not be wed tohold the cub lightly, keep his eye on the ball and drawing thee ‘ily, and that too much force should not be used (o hold the club lightly, keep hs eye on the ball, draw the club quel ‘hc use too much Force to hold the clb lightly, ksep his eye om the ball, draw the cu bac i that too much farce should not be used he should hold the club Tights keeping his eye on che bl, dawn i Aieldy, and 99 using too mech farceBP sien beth prin ae TAI fone, vldcn by the exp IB) bowie den ty NG) hore ID) bose wick cnc ME) bone with ihe he experienced jo ion by. broke Ie iden y broke STILL TUE REMun REVIEW youn answers arren vO, YOUR answers, yo. u CANNOT RETURN sy wih the ha bran Ie key with che the the ING, YOUMay HAVE CONFIRMED 70 THESE QUESTIONS sn leg. had to be deserve ‘xpetionced, jockey had ‘perience jockey, had perience jockey, hadAnswer Key DIAGNOSTIC TEST Quantitative Section Verbal Sectionbrand a th Anse. Self-Scoring Guide—Analytical Writing Fa etn es (ov hae a end or caches cal chm or ou) on the fal Beeps Be coh ey comply, paying special ation wa logic ogee Grd 6 cath to bares its cams or poston. Asign 2 helinik noe ben ee, ans the male blow. Your writing score wil be the arene a the ey Owning, Cope, wclLanilted sash eo eur ofthe are Ment. Develops 4 postion with isighifil teaons and poste Samples. Wel orate. Superoe command of language and vane of syntax. Only minor flaws in grammar, usage, and mehardo, Wel-developed analysis or criique, Develops a positon with wel thosen examples o¢ reasons. Generally well organized. Cle conned of lnguage and vary of syntax, Min Inechanie. Adequate Comper analy or crtigue. Develops piston with rerane ea ons of examples, Adequately onganized. Adequate coven of Ln rage, but may lack syneactic waricey” May grammat, usage, and mechanics Limited Gommpctent bur clearly fave anal o7 critique, Vague oimied in developing a Pooty organized Weak in using relevant exam, Peso reions, Language used imprcisely or lacking in aeonce vn £2. Conia major ere or fequent minor arom in pene Seciously Flawed Serious weakness mnitaron. Unclear or ssiouly loping «paston. Disorganized. Fe crant examples or reasons. equent seious problems it Language sol sentence sruerue: Numerous erorsin grammar, usagesor Serhan that incerkere wth meaning Dekel Mele eke of silt npnize and develop acobeent espor Deficient ‘0 nue orargument, Severe and persigent enon it languaneanh tence structure: Pease panera a eosin gramey esos a ‘mechanics tae sererely interfere with meaning, Unscorable legible or no ween in the asin topic76 ANSWERS EXPLAINED Quantitative Section (B) Lee L be dhe orignal length and Whe orig Ts which is 1.2L: the new width is 80 percent of W, which is 8 W. The ara ol length dacs width, so che orginal aren is [Wand the new area is (1.22).8 aH Since the new ate 6 96 perene ofthe original area, the aren as decrease by i (The fist 1,000 copes cose xdolus cach, 0 altogether they wil cost 10D Sine 2s greater than 1,000, cere ave 2 1,000) copies lf, which cach cot al oni (2-100). Thus the wal cost is 1000s + (2~ 1,000). Howeves sil theannver choles Bue (2 1,000)y = 2) 1,010. so che rua cost is LOO to 1000{—9) + 32, whic is choice (F). Ifyou ant co check your work, ee and 2= 3,000, 03) (8) When ewo imtegers ae mip the units digi of the products he Iti product of th las dig ofeach of che neers For example, the product of 228 The lat digi of 396 is 6, And sao the las digc of 16 which she produ Aight of 22) tims 8 (ae last cg of 18). When an inceger is squared. che sl tear ic the lat digi of the square ofthe ast digit Squaring an odd number TRumiber and ed numbers eannor end in 8, Squssinga number tha ends in Dal ter cht ends ia 0 Squaring a number that ends in 2 or 8 gives «number ha Song number dha ends in 4 or results 2 number that ends i 6. SO sare ends in 8 Therefor, the correct choice is (A. C-D) (Dy Towitinds ofthe sock oe 2 of $1300, $100. So, when oa was worth $2,000. The profit on tis par of the tock is $2,000 ~ $1,000 ‘ining sock cost $1,500 —$1,000 ~ $500, Five rimes the purchase price il the socks 5 3500 = $2,500. The proc om this pares $2,500 ~ 8500 = S20 {oval profi $1,000 + $2,000 = $3,000, which s choice (Dp. (1-8) (D) Drawing picture makes this problern easy. One way to solve the pb Coordinate genmery, Let A ave eootdaates (0,0); then the coordinates For Bg we (8,0), (8,6), (24565), and (2418), respectively So the distance fom A w Ei P root of 2424 18% (5764324 = (900, which i 3 (L-9) {B) Frou the information given you know thae and yare both positive ad al ‘we know that ys posite Since ay = yand x= y, we have that 03) < ol Since 5.<7 7 and, bv a al 1) has the greatest value and is the correct choice, (1-7) (© Srartmen (1 alone snot scent every employee recived a iS the eedian in 2000 ould be + 800, bur rises cul be distitted in sal fraps and il have the average tae equal t $800. For eam, i she op 1 Foote al che inccass and everyone ese received no increas, the mean 53 ‘Gunge fo 1999, Information abou any the range give us the difference Tnngst and smallest salaries this does not lec us Rnd the middle sale, which ‘ol forthe median. So SA1TMENT (2) along wic state (1) noe sia{B) Since 10% 5 of 50, she 10 apres std do > as much wot 50 appenies, Sh: 39 nie i he pbinhourn a 5a wi do | dh Sinée 15 i oF 30,15 dated workers wil do half ax much work a 30 sited workers The 30 sled workers ite hob 4 Nos whichis 2 bau son 1 hor hy fh jh The 15 ail ok wide of 2 «ef chin hho: So both groupe will do Ly 2 TF of the job in 1 hous (1-3) 20° 9" Tao * tao {) Since angle ABC ina ight wang we know tha he length of AD square is equal co he sum of? and °. However, none af the answer given is Ys2-+ 92, The aren of vile ABC (uy and he ao wage AD, wi ( Joya ABCs tight tangle, w? = (y+ 2 + 52 9)? + 2. So w= Ay? «v2, Since we wane +e mbract3y? ftom cach side to gee w?— 33? = 7? « x4, Therefore the kngth of AD squared is we? 3y! (IL-4, DI @) The col amount of ol needed is 6 X 5 = 30 quarts, or 7 gallons and 2 quarts Since the cost of ol per quart is cheaper when you puchase hy the gallo, the awner shea hay a as 7 gallos of ol, Howeve,in onder co et che reining gallons, itis cheaper fo buy 2 quae indivically rather than another gallon So the minimus amoune 7S12+2X$5 = $864 $10 - $94 The conect answers (B) (13) {By Call the numb of spaces in each row and rthe umber of oan the patking oe before the alton i ui. The parking lot had 70 parking space, m= 70, Sines sc the adicon i bike hee wll be ¥ more roms, 2 fewer spaces in each row; aaa eal of 76 space. we know that (-—2)(r+ 4) = 70, You cold save these to equations by algebra but i would be racer lengly and thee ie a ister method Since the numberof eon od se numberof spaces must be poste integers, you are looking fora-vay wo wee vO de proves of rvo factors sand r with the additonal property that 2 and ed cles hone 0 as thie product. Witing 70 a a product of primes, we get <2 99 22 woe Therefor, the only possibile fr sand rare Ista hereo Now jus check whether any pair of solutions (1) bas dhe propery thas += 2 ‘alation. For example, is Sand r= Hy then r-2=3aand re 4 = 18; which Hons Bat ts 7 and r= 10, chen ¢—2= Sand 7 4 = 14, which i so aol yo ace eis the only solution that works, So before the ation was bull 1 rows each with 7 spaces. (1) (D) stares (1) alone sfcine Since 2 fee 7 Inches s more shan hale pie that 3 feet 7 inches long must be longer than the her wo pices pa SIATEMEST 2) alone fs sufficient. Since one pice i 5 inches long, che sim lengths of che remaining owe pisces ie fet 7 inches, Since one pice i 7 inl tBeother, Ls (+7 inches) = 4 Fct 7 inches, where Lis che length of thesia remaining ptces. Solving the equations yields J +7 inches asthe length of heli 2) A) Since ACin diameter, angle ABC's inscribed in semicire and i he ase Stave (1 alone is sulfcent since mls cha che ewo ocher anges muse be equal Since the sum of che gles of triangle is 180°, we can ded STaHEMENT (2) alone is not sufficient. There no information abou he ail suateatext (2) cannot be ved to find the angles of wiangle ABD. (IL-6) {B) sree) alone is ufc, y?— 2y 61 = (1), and the ons == Oieyet spetexaest (1) alone is no sullen.» 23 = 6 implies y= 3 dda gven about the value of (2) ) samen (1) aloes ies. Pipe Bila ap ofthe ee srareMeNT (1) say pipe ls up ofthe reservoir per minute, so A gemosk 25.1 filup fe pore You shoul not waste any time actually solving the problem. Remember to decide if there is enough information ro et yu answer the question STATSAUENT (2) alone isnot sufficen, Thee sno information about bow pipe Bo il the reservoir. (U3) (a) Stare (1) alone i sufiint, Draw the lines ACand BG: then AOC tight taangles since AB's perpendicular 19 CO. By dhe Pyehagorean chem (GOP + (COP and (BC? = (OB + (CO)? so if 0 is ess chan OF, hen AGH TTATIAWNE (2) alone i not sufficient. There tne restriction on wher th (au, 4) (6) Starentsts (1) and (2) together are no suicien, I= 5 and y= 3 than 1, bac f= + and y= 3, chem 37 is less than 1. This is a good example specific values ora and y to decide whether che gvea satements ae slide Aested conclusion. (17) stxtmaocr (1) alone no sufficient. By moving the poine# along ted wecan have sither x= por yond all ave 2 1 ‘SrarsBMENT (2) alone sno sufficen, Te implies hat x = and y= ration to coapare 20d y SSIATEMENTS (1) and 2) cogether however yield x= y (IL-5)bsonaa had ref $ longer kr ofthe It Ansners 0 oem”) alae is noe slices. Feo C were clos m eS Wee ing Peay 2 could aries Cf But ifyou alo ue strata @) da ee a besrvlngfster chan tin F since eis fares kom Beo Cente s ee Se stares (1) and (2) together at auffiiene SENET 2) sles Safin ieee gives no information sbout the ins 113) dle sign 2) lone sno aulfene ince Dean be ay pointan the Ine AC we ase only SraTEMESS (2), sal ee ane no aulcient. Depending othe pasion f pin Gand year wae wea For ample i bot fhe lowing wtagle BD oe de? wa Lge RENTS (0 and (2) ae bo way then. The anges ABD and BD Cae ese langle wis ow pis of coresponding sds equal the tore ncaa co ‘ongrucne and x = (Id) $3724, {©) stares (2) alone a sulfone since 34 ye 365 9) (Theo i then x+ y= 4) 3 rts? (alone i nox suicent, snes yu nec anotherenuation bess *o find the values of -and y. (2) 108 BAe? amet ins We know th he ol fle 1988, 989, an Seed ia soi tesenpeandthatslsin 1988 mec tnc thearoge the os Ioan eh een SeOietenslln Reaygd Thecli sdacon Le oh, 1988, 5 rit (2) alone i isufciene since it dos not rece sles in 1989 0 sles in 1988 an TAT {1 ed 2 together are not alficen sce plas A and D canbe mone and states (1) and (2) wl sill be sats. (HE) Mean geet ember hat ate ile by sacha 4, 8,12, 16,20, 4, ., ane Nace At Be numbers tha at divbleby 3, suchas 3, 6,9, 13, 19,48 ot og ocean itege= ta appearin bah is ar dbl by 12 smvioes th slonc a not sucen since 24 and 16 are bouh dvb by 4 only 4c dnetle yy Seo) Mane 8 sulin since 24 and 15 ae dvhible by 9 ba 1s ene divisible by 12. Sen” {0 impli chav b= 4 fot some incgee mI you stume sre aes ible by 3, citer dor mis dvisbleby 3. Seeds mca eo a Thee, = 38 wher jiasome ingerand k= 43/or 19, So bah ei 2. Therefore stares (1) and (2) together se aufficons gya co S ‘onatyloe {B) Both statements ive fees shat igh explain why the price of lumber ‘ro uring both seatements you have no ifrmation about the price of abe (©) You need (1) 10 know what dhe price was atthe beginning of 2004, Using then compute che price during che 15h wel. igher statement aloe nsf Soul noc actually compute the price sine it woukl only waste time. (6) {A} (i) alone is sufficient since the line connecting the midpoint of wo ie pall tothe tied side. (2) alone i insffcene. In an joseles angle ate inp that £D is parallel to, BC, bur in a nonisosoees angle, (2) would ipl Care noe pace. (II-4) (E) Let Zbe the length and Whe the width ofthe rectangle, and er Sbe ofthe square. Iris gen that EW =S2, A relation must be found between 2 is possible to consciuce squares and fectangles so chat each of (A), (8) (Cha 50 {Eis comtovt, For example and (A). (©), and (D) at ike. the recangle isnot equal w a sq the rocrangle ia larger dan che perimeter of the square, so (B) is also Fe. (©) Since a puralelogiam i four-sided polygon, the sum ofthe andes i runt be (4 2)180" = 84°, (A diagonal cividesa parallelogram imo wo ui tm ofeach triangle’ angles is 180%) Since the sum ofthe anges in ist possible. But | and IIT both consise of anges whose sum is 360". Als, sneil Spposte angles ar equal, (C) ithe correct choice. Now tha rectangles ai ‘ram, 30 [docs give posible values for dhe anges ofa parallelogram. 11 (©) Ifyou know ovo ratios, A: Band BG you cn combine chem int 3 isthe same nviabe and repesents che sire quantity in both ratios. Weg ‘of economics books to scence books i 7 Land shat che ratio 12. Homeves we east combine thie ito che ripe rio 7 1: 2 sin represents sience hooks and | in the cond ratio represents novel, Wem or che mile erm in the triple ratio, s0 we expres the second ato 2 The books to novels is 2 1, Now, the rai of economics books co science bool l ratio of scence books to novel is 2 1. Sineea ratio i unchanged if boll plied by she same postive number, we ean alto express the rata of economia tree books ar 142. Finally, we can combine thee into che tpl aio 43 Economies books co seience books to novel. (5) S ‘We wane to know how many people are noc in any of che se. The ey iso find the number inat last one ofthe sets and subtract this number i the numberof employes in at least one vet, do nor count she same els Ieyou ak! 22, 15, and 14, an employee who took exactly to ofthe coun tue, and employees nbo ook all dace coors wil be counted this ie ‘eho took at lest ane courses the number in accounting plus she aus the aumber in marketing mings che number who took exactly two cours illumen Using (2) 2 Se ea kal thes couses = 22.415 + 14-9 x 1) 51-9-2-40, frig, i Prlere ok st le ox came cyt ‘ook none of the cous, (ul) WW Add + Pe 4 00 xy <3 vw abtain 4p 7 Therefore, x= 3%, Since + ym 6 ym p) Meet compound very 6 ments. At tc end of hc fis 6 months, che Miss caned is $2,000(.08)(5) = $80. (Done ng techange 6 months ineo 1 ye, smn eat he analsex ae) Sioe th nena is ‘compounded, $2,080 i the Been NE for tel 6 monte hesean Se een ned dating thefinal 6 months ofthe year x $2,080.08) 2) * 985.20. Therefor, the toa interne sured is $50 + $83.20 - $163.20. 4) ean Cit pall w AD. he gute ARCD i eapeni, Th ac of a trspeoid ic average ofthe pane sides times an atinde, Sine 's perpendicular ta AD, ean Ahitude So the tei Jeb (Ba Sice 3 65, ste camer oer, (1-7) Domb $3.0 a pound 6 nncs fom now nd $900 & pound 1 year rom pelide eae Lee Pesan oth um Bh umber of month Petiodsthac have passed. Since 3° nth periods the peice wil b Pound. Therefore, the answer i? months is 2 year, (1L6, 18) BOE Slste 32 £12 tach she ieipro] of J, muse be equal to 2. Al 5 rte eee a neu eee noe be hei, dh ics eats tice pone they mus be dened ac rsh Sis an inure 2 pins wihoe bing dental oo22 Verbal Section 1b) Answer (B) the hes choke. Note che ee wor “the” before “new prea ‘ays An entrepreneur is one who creates or implements change, no a tor akin answer (E). Ansver (A) i rue (che ener ofa Iaege business may Oeil ret, but it is aoc te best conclusion tha can be drawn foe eh pasa bbe iaslcicne condition, Note that de ext states that to owe aslo make some an entrepreneur Answer (C) is noc upported bythe pas ‘ough information is given w conciude anene (D) (8) No cron The passage for quentions 3-6 appears on page 3 (8) Line 6-7 quote Manca saying thac philosophers only want co inept ‘when what should be done i o change i. Change, the author sae inline a of applied scents everywhere (D) Durkheim aso valued the applicacion of cence rather than conti See paragraph 4 4A) keems (B) through CE) deal wth applied problems, which ae she min social sien, according 0 the pase (D) This poine is stesned in lines 4-6, 10-11, and 28-29. 1D) If inflation averaged 4 percent and spending increased 5 pce, he Fa defense oudays actully incresed 25 perent. During the former preset sctually decined faster than inflation, indicating areal decease of 25 pase znd the conclsions concern defense outlays only he strength of the deena of daltecs(B), presidential views (C), or intemational creates () are m0 passage and oo divect inferences can be made; therefore all ther alee The argumene may be susumarized as fellows Annual incteses oF incumbent wete 5 percent 2) Annual increase of predecessor were 8 pec These two premises aw a cancion: 56 < 895. However conveting el increases a4 we showed above, weskens the conclusion, (D) As Hato isshomer than Geno, and as Gene sche same heights Samii sorte than Sam. As Iai aller chan Sam, In must abo e aller than Hail 1) isthe best answer. Choice (A), (B), and (C) might be inferred if oe a ioe’ heigh in elation co the height of the others. Choice (5 cannot bel information gen. The following diagram helps make the situation cleat [> S-G> E> (©) This comects the double negative (hid herd). Difros fms hea isthe conetfoxm of the pronoun alter dhe preposition ep (8) Weiscomect a predicate pronoun isin the nominative ese, Had oi sesh form (iter wens oF hed gon) (E) is not only word, bu the en swrong the dating occured before the arving,BWI th Ansvvers and Anaiys comes to buying do-it-yourself horde "hough no evidence fr thse give no evidence to support chove (B,C bs: busines : The pasage 12.16 appeats on page 66, (©) Acroid are defined as mini pl (Paragraphs 7 and 8). No mention Dori there any valeratn hour Chates Koya expe whee he caplet is no dicusion shout dem na Neprme i Bah (D) nec any meaton sheen asteroids fom the son sree (enti cused inthe an pagaph Atough dt sme nton of 1,000 rece Pttraph 8) icemot be interes they eal ee Kuipet Bele (A). There ie so-menton of che satemensindudd in (C3, (D) cad ph the world bis he cea tone Soa he tt arid (rargraph 3). The desion to name new asteroids (A in bscract al Deora ate Axonom Union pusgeph 9) tne, no mention oF (), (D0 (8 inthe purge fem of th rp yn aed was rye pagaph 9) tne ee Ups 5 (an tnd, Dy ge nea Plt gph 8). Theis me as ea ee and (8). (D) might bean skein, be there i not much dicussion about how the sccch ’ undereaen, ue of marl acs le who dels bv ofthe Aric Ocean The plance Sedna was b. outayl "aed afte ex (argraph 3) All ihe others ar memtoned ia sage ae asteroid, 1) name ie ee ae inoue whch nouns edi ee nd Alough Weed in sll it tnd no coset wb nace ene sig ti Subject of ‘would be. The srt of ais nota cone idians pay a) th be ch bce nea ria ad wig make the com. pan |g Broble and ths no elp sve losing company a other statements if ‘ould lend credence 1 the cm. bina co reas would eke the concaion the mor If mow cabon di de is mice by auromobiles, hanging production procescs would A) weakens che concusiom, but not as mach, sedne ot atack the baie premis ofthe page are sore smal p rs native ( . hat industrial production i seaweed tite diide eth eal eget te cies ature ange oa tts Alemathe Dhadicioticcaiuien ais D) would aoe rede aaa sitll may aha pecs eaer te acta ie Produces quite abi). Alsemative (2) deca. ‘he conctsionb other Auction would be oe cst suse even if sbi an that slowing of or cha Th psp fr queions 20-24 appears on page 68 hese 0m razah ha she fmol emphasis he“ oF patronage, wiaceee med aries th iy of he canene? a mentions che a ge parans ce aad atin the fourth model ede se ideological poten: Sal “Veli” ian sonomic concep bute” et eee{€) The authors objective ist provide “akemative explanations fr the SOR involvement in the production of coke” paragraph 1 (8) Altsnacive (A) belongs tothe fist model: lerasives(C) cheough (a the paige (A) The authori tying to show empirically ow the ovement Rand he ences, but for differen reasons ies a consumer, san influence, and 98 (A) ‘The idea expesed inthe question is suggested by che “since anda sale” modal, inthe sentence. the government icervenes dirty asthe i public goods that woul! otherwise be unaalable,” Les not purchase or ‘govenumentl o marker force. (©) The suthoreefes co 1930s trade leisltion to justify the new bill The is dhe best answer. There sno information 19 conc (A) or (8) he auto the character of the opposition, nor thei patriotism. In choice (D). isi ‘opposition infers chat economists were aguinst both pices of liso, Bl ‘dence of his in the pasage. Choice (E) rong becane che pasage doe 8 of ation was permitted by dhe eal legiltion, 1) The opponents could argc chat two similar pieces of legislation asl ‘neat a different times may not have the same effect becate they cel circumstances, Even though both bls may have similar provision, chy mil under different sets of economic and poitial conditions. Therefore, (A) ti Alternatives (C) and (E}stenghen the aucbor®axgumenc rather than the but it doesnot necessarily apply in thie al tal. Alemative(B) may beso ough information to conclude (D) (D) Besides encans "iv addition "Irian comect. person seta ondivon is aggravated. (D) The appositive, «kind man, can easily eplce the clause who oa Hl words anda whete che antecedent offi wag, shoul be eeplaced bya specifically to che bey (D) Together and up ar need in the meaning of her wo tive sjgneds preferable stylisially co the adjecive ase which wt ag (D) The problem in this example is indingeante and ect. Howe Sa tionships exist Asuming a poivesladanship berween advertising oul tion if advercisng is more elective small increase in expenditure hol inceae in consumption, the conclusion in (A), even chough we do rot ai shout he able, baxe amounts of cher advent or consumpion ple buy more of «substitute product whe it price is lower, hen hea cannes food is made more avaiable, consomption should increase (Chall rdocitute products decrease (F), canned product should inrese: Hone fn opener procaction may be a result of increased canned fod consump (D) Answer (D) is otose appropriate. mos ofthe quarterly inflation a food prices cused by a drought, then other prices roe les or no mot al ter. Beeause the droughts probably temporary phenomenon ty BB pric level wll decline nexe quartet, A fear dat inflaton would continue rent by the presdone tae he was concerned about inlinedana as BcenO) ote unGvoabe camo neg (2) would al tend > case sock pies Bedale nd case sarm on Wall Sr Bp ae ese race sane spovnaay $0,000 students, bow cov te hiv isan example ofan one Bot the conclusion, Choices pent *Ppostion mast be paral ro ong tnothet: “Jones the prnidont.. anc a Meret 20eidccs thatthe doubling of epaciy 5 linked to productive. Al Pere ities can be infeed. Choice at sa te Fiom the ict tha che company Switched fom household! vo srcrae. Choice (Bis ifr fom ho, fesse lower chars, which val ort if grote derma fori servcee Checeg BPD) eink om dh dati gn babor-saving eck, {0 The stent’ concuson is hit a towns have unsavory chars clusion is Ble According be pong halls have unsayoy chareccns nt since we cannot infer thar re als Contin (Ci wtong, Akan (A) and (B) ae st mes (D) and) can be deduced A dage He mgumene may be summa as flows 1 ool lls aetsce gambler, 2. Gambler are unesvon 2 Ths towns wth pol halls hav nsarony aac, SP is acumen and th dig wth ater atements i this question ann Penis 32 percent, while 50 pram of 62 petcone is 31 perceny esas i be expected that more Ren il ote, Alten (A) shows thy even UBH A? perce ofthe voters cael cher piPublicns, the Republican Pury wens ee ait la: al he propoon of blicns declined «© 38 perent (A) ect at sn Bot noe ae songs) ere {®) and (©) hold equally fr both Republicans an rma (D) weakens the concsion er ‘much a (8) 7 PEW we dot no imply te rane(D) Aterative (O} ean be impliad fi the statement. There sno if oe pent tha implies that wives ean move chan husbands. Alterac (mg acumns ss wives contributed to dhe ousebold nominal income f pit vr exe the fncome eal income saed the same. Altmmacives (Band “te saesraen If che added income contibation of wives eaves aver fone of 20 yeas ago, then the enon must be tac the price Revel ws (E) is implied (G) Four infcives are in parle form and much dearer chan the mises tet e veils Ceping and dating, anda clause (oe reuchfoeshel (©). With she bran gis a misplaced mds. Comsnas are need os tive cause den by he experienced jockeyTheseus he dinins on page 12 flow. Then find your rating Ba ie propre blege rit foreach wpe oF que hich you the GMAT. Spend more on the Disgnostc TgGeneral Strategy The most important thing your ey must do i ake a positon. Even i you an a thac you would alvaysagee with tha positon, te portion You ae noe desing be course in icyou ate weting an enay tobe assed onthe bass of hom nel port your postion with examples organized in logis orders restate your psi Remetnber char there are na fight of wom ansvers eo thee questions, jut wal writen one. Don ery to guess what the grid fedings about the isu ght bei Take a positon upon which you can develop examples and supportive angueal postions dont try to be too broad rie much easier co put together ideas abou il asa iles than i so dscns the use or misuse of fteatme in general The second most importane ching your esay needs is good! onganizacion, Spal able transitions berwen them. Unly hece examples ate cam nally, you need to conceatate on wsting good begining nd a good cond ing set che stage and dravs the eaer in; yu canclsion clinches your poin al rent fresh in the grader? minds when they assign a sore OVERALL STRATEGY Narrow the topic Take a postion 3, Use tree examples ar points and cannect them logically 41 inte a geod interesting opening anda trang, memorsbe cond HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY IN 30 MINUTES. Doni be misdl by the tds of thie ection. Ie promises move than i can iv Ba ing an essay in 30 minutes may be a contradiction in terms. Aa ess i sel verter thinking aboot a topic. It exprestes «poine of view arived at air fal imerpreation ofa subject or sue, When you ae given an asignmeat only 30 essay is duc, you cantexpect pore ove the copic fo ong, ITyou think eo al ou have though the lotr ines rnd reason to dsrust the cide seh on earns to wie wel by adi abject You lesen essay writing by taking pen in hand, by mesing ao words and by experimenting, practicing, and doing. Many ofthe in-class duce for socal stience or humanities courses have probably been. good «ig instaneesay required by the GMAT Analyical Writing Asessmene In your di ces was offen determined by how closely your essay esmbled what the each di not ue on the GMAT, which won give you a copie with «predeeried saM for chisesay writing test the way you can study calculus of Spanish. What a already lodged inside you. The ask you fice on test cay iso organize you deal xable form on a piece of paper, which takes practic, practice, price mprove with repetition, © do esay writing skis, All you need cach time yi he next several pages wll ake you inside cai writing. By cating the become a workl-cas author of esa, buc youl sce whut moxe gx! write og fea ee en MRE weeks tne what fo See acin 30 es of Good Writing BA mee on tow comply jou can mane tee 2 bc: HB make abou the opie Pattie in ov BEA informarive ntoduction, PP speci examples and devas, demonstetes mas all eter one h parece writer she ugh, you must know dato Ba gf 288 1 be was When a pone ena Be for cme i Let your intuition and el rly cod judgment guide you describe what mo el writers do; they ate not command. en SPH ys ve sib pod ng Nai fe tinindéd, for example wo cit noses words fess ches he pompous one fof Writing an Essay of the paces. The fst sage, pe Bp besin wring the text of you Btlsand fring she ve he second sage, compa ita your thoughts And finally d ‘oF our ety word by word bers the sages tenor all since. Somer, wring sage. Writers compone, re any time No stage tal polish and refine the ve eal the in BB ber dregs pr Hes may so > and proofead cus unl the Rial period of te Hin place un Bybee bw Haid eyo sud face coy the sags ofthe writing proces, ays to keep the "deci how the doten principles rod wring co Closely Bien the Ga my queton should tre Hf onder meticulous reading ofthe ing hey ideas andEXAMPLE Concerns about the survival of demecracy, the president of she Universi FMoynara Hutchings once wrote he death of democracy ntliely to bean i sino il Bea slow extinction rom apacy,nderence, ancunde maa ‘White democracy may ail be alive and wel stustlons often arse that Sono TJemocratc pinot on which America was founded, Using exempes bated reading. oron persona experi, wit an essay that strats your view on ‘of democracy. Before ean the explanation, briefly wee your wndeesanding of wha thei Explanation: Th hisic es is clearly spelled out in the as Jnr bine onthe curt ea of democracy. The prompt and esrthing ced 2 fr the tak and provides some general clus to the meaning of "bali ‘Renal information ss thatthe exay mast use examples drawn fom yout Soil or independent sudy; your reading, which includes ficvon and pong Ue your own: or revant personal experiences Ml toli the pic gies sudenrs considerable lect for inverpreon ni plicated opis ike hs one ofien encourage student so bla che awn Uiher hand, oft tighten the reins on ceaivin Alchough wring shout ones experienoc hs lox of metic. nos every GMA dens to vera pesonal esponss, But when possible, fn opcioo sha specially when the eopic leaves you cold, Students are leading authori i ren, With alae fines, almost any copie on the GMAT can be supe il readable personal esa. 2. Narrow the Topic Unmercifully Because a GMAT topie must suit a mulrthnic, malcultarl, snd sua itis bound co be very broad. Your fs job ic reduce tro a sive su er pce alced, fa Fac, the quality of the esa you write could depend an Bl he wopie Think snl Acaxmic approach wont work and you ae soc er ton much IF you were t run ove OF things fo say about aoe eB edn eo expand the main ide in idea fa ease task han has Topic afer you've aleady fille most oF page.Bin 04 Bs hope and clear of most seadents oo Pera dons, py Hifi. The samc holler tomposea substantive 300 or 400 0 je aubje te for any general BPs fom ing sack in a mon at gr be 1 vast you could probably fl subsc, fiom aloboli wo sol neralitis, nartow the topic rth Fatt Sr th cop wih he Genco. Bing iacresngy speci When you reich the botiom, you m BB Here are ime exams As you descend nay ave a topic SUBJECT: Democracy Democracy Highest let of abstraction Damecracy i Too broad fora short essay cific with Inaliarianismy SI Sui 09 brow Premnent cone) Feton of pes Sill oo broad Therigh Frncopnions censorship Sill broad, but getting dere Merah to pinea Seamdalous story in Beshool newspaper Possible opie fore What happened io Pee wen re ciel for an essay Published sory out incompe Distinct possiitSUBJECT: Alcoholism Alaholisn Highes level of abstacton The effeots of Esiremely broad ford alcoholism on short essay Family problems Sit 00 road resulkng fom, alcohols Alcoholism as Very Broa but eause of broken ing close Tayiies The effects of Good onl fora alcoholism on Lengthy research paper children from broken homes "The enperien A definite top fora etsy G. the short ea ach subject has bon pred down toascle appropriate for x GMAT esa vomits a thorough esa. Focusing on a sing a rungs offer students chance the chance to demorsttate the scope o acer er acer to display depth Busines schoo pplcaion show ea Tie Knowledge The GMAT, hows is depeh chat counts PRACTICE IN NARROWING TOPICS echice several of the Flloning subjects t0 a level of Sel enpungto be used fora GMAT essay. Try constructing a adder Ea arene Put the broadest topic on the top, Dant stop desea have atopic suitable fora shot ea Youth and Aae ‘Glamities Procrastination Probability ealousy Tt Taking Fiske Site Change vs. Permanence WonderPescucing ne behvio of himpiozees BY Aisineiss My ob ine Piste working the cor HP eoeniton projec SiNIG) to Make About Nehig wi i Ha prin. Fs ses bg, Bes jst oss in seach nay be tapi ea resp. But withoue 3 Hish hest level of abstraction Sill ery brad Sil 100 broad Si ether broad A reasonable rpie A fine opie for ‘short paper the Topic wrlten with beautiful word, cone prin metimes called ving a the end ony to di * mesning, Afr theyve fniho wae ther time: Dont ray is likely o ng abouts opi. nd ent having Hor ee 2 poinces ak yo mech sho a i resders confuse the pic of ng. But atopie nat tal, bu it should be about somethi can be basicly Intfor Your GMAT Essay Be P7900 near wng the esiy Blithe esay wil be explained by dre, cnr, corny wording of the topic, Look for Pe MAdeeslein, mpor, anayce sod nay, igh diferent rep Ponse. Or the purpose of the vy may feBin 20 bins BBs prticamens, dont switch unles youll never agin beable wo leok Bourn and finish whac you began. Ress: the tempat to shite rom Bsideitblcw nic anymore, You wont be penalize for hypociy but Bay wi a conixing or ambivalent presentation. BSPSGMAT cy question forces you co tale x pion on che issue or Misi "Saxe your opinion,” or ask "Do you agice or disageee” Your sis of your essay a dhe essay isl the thesis is usually ested Then Democracy i a far more cumbersome form of gorem- ent than dictatorship, hess Inde dicpine of chlden, insilinga feof punishment Iemore effective chan promising a ceward Thos: Wor is hell, Biss of an exay may be so strongly implied by che cumulative weight Mees unnecesary, Whichever way you decie wo inform the weader of Betning it dicey or by weaving ¢ sub aco the febrcof the text—be Pave Lec pside you fom che opening lines to jour conclusion, Om Bay tovande Fos is poiat. Readers wil appaciate an esy tha rately ned pth idAtrange Them in Order mind hae scandy analyzes ser and drs onc ideas for your ey the way ordinary prowl an experince for ideas and examples to suppore yous the nina you writs, note chem or paper as you think of them. or prepares Bila briefs of ideas thar occur to yu, ot posily preparing 4 shechy Bpisjocing, «bec thesis may come to tnind, or you may rm into nes Bisons. Before you write 2 word on yous answer sheet, chough, you pbs few inure to collecring your thought, Obviously, on the GMAT youl arbewerin hase dan not acl Bi anladspetions ofthe formula. Using the Formula will nor make your Heald lp tum a muelle of woeds inv x model of cle thinking, The foe Bite pon Fr parting ideas ino a clear, eay-0-ellow onde. Ie uses begin es noe seasonal, buc ie works far virevlly nye Ie gious viru ais pace and purpose within the ess THE FORMULA fon Bay { Pore fonsBin 30H USpiugal Cote else Sesembe, she dds nos tt she bad Bath ener ge BELT an ordinary way oF an ondionry idea in a provocative way, Fithee io be none snl pros guilty ican aien once et gusto, Bruce Springscen, or any ether soirce—masbe ea your Hbetive she quo rats ro the topic a your enay and sys ix beer than Passe animes ae more equal than other." George Cruel seid ha Pen bld ssamption or define « wot in new and sang way. Drorigen, acelin Shafsbry Vermont, be learned thas fedam das Bir eihbor’ rape sve lesion or ro, which you will answer in your esa PPL? Orsi je ie woh fir? Beal eontection bevvcen your topic and a bit of cule. By offering readers Bitetning your vssing is eriched BB el fiom ex fends. Ths, er we the hope of arvcane Andrews ded dren Paling wil da end of your opening passage to reveal your topic Eisele, while abe ber eke sto bd. Reb Lowe heps one in Pirie bac oe nade ego Happinen, forall thee stom depends ther fase, SBrgbes works for you, or if you dont hive time on the GMAT wo devise a Eliz appro just decate your this right up font, But dont phrase it Bip In thisesay, Iam going to grove thac democracy isnot dead,” Sexe Bic from dea,” and tke it for there Bide sable opening, dont pat off writing the res of your etsy, Jas ship a Bi body of ous essay: As you writs, a pleasing opening idea might sike Be you do, though, be sare char your opening fits your wating style and ts but aoe so ard ha ie will sem freed or toa cute o 0 long Blue your opiso naturally and unobtrusively that saders wll not even re ed nc cacling pose the fs sentence eas Fully With Examples and Details i nfirerion sed co giv exedence to the wsters msn pins coon nds how desply 4 sodent ca think mate f itunes heal in ging GMAT exays Deslepment dows Bei Anca) af « ouand words canal be underiooped. Somes Beans bewcencevlopnene and throwing the bul hi esas with Hie cien when they have nohing va sy. Perhaps yous done ie yourself on Hts sor on develope blog on fis il be oun waning by Blan al when chy oe Bet snl the ange of idence summoned to uphold thesis, Not every good Betfiveora doses supposing eas. The facts hac sperior development skills Be GMAT with single vivid Gample, Ics depth thar coune.leg ery at Scptembes selina he ad ef hes way ot an onlinay idea inp ne some aia are mon el aid she Bmon held assumption or define a word nd staring vay. te in Shafi ed tht ftom doce BBE esion orto, which you will answer ja your esa. Psi Orit idee 0 wok for? BS edanection becveen your copic nda bit of sla By ollving readers Biiraning, your writing is enciched BBE bey fom ou id Use tle asthe hope of Hurricane Andheu BF rsingril dhc end of your opening pasag ro trea your top Be fon Leigh has ne made fold: Happins, foal ene tare dep Ppl ch nce Bes works for you, or iF you don’t have time on the GMAT to de Be spprech, Jos ceslare your chess ight up frone. Buc dont poe Bes ln chinesy 1am going eo prove tat democracy inet dee ea and cae fom there dont pur off writing the at oF you ay. Js kip 4 BeriBibey of rou sy. As you write, a pleasing opening dea ght sc Bef P co. though, bs sure that your opening fis your witing cole aa Bee ih bur noc so hand shat il sen forced ov wo cue tog long Bi PPar topic 0 escurally and unobrruvly that eaers yl none Preise into racing pase the fs sencence seas Fully With Examples and Details Be elormacion i far more convincing then genetal and unsubsantine Be otnaion ws wo give credence wo he writers sain point scone Be deeloprnent indicates how deeply a student can thak—s hones oy Bits shook counts heavily agniding GMAT essays, Development does Bre An exay of thousand words can sill be undenlowloved Sone on Be Aifeence beswcen development and throwing th bul il rer on cy BPE Gl When hey have nothing to say, Peshaps youté done i'yorccth Bisse 93 shor: on development but long on refuse willbe Found womting tr evidence summoned 1 upholl a thesis Not every good o superior development skills vid example, Is depth that coun,Each paragraph in your esay should conaibure to the development of the contain fete, data, arguments, examples—testimony ofall kinds to corobomte ti cusure how a pariclar paraiaph lends support co che thesis, cross tov! OF plexed, jst imagine hos your reets wil feel Be merciless with your wai Thay ednive a paragraph, give it heboo iit docs help to make your ese "A poraraph indentation ordinarily signals readers wo get ready for «change ver net cre neve paragraph signals drastic change in direction. I may Sn head one sol wep ae Bne. Tarigesphs also penn readers skim: youe hey facns on opening and closing sentences and skip wha es berwse, BURT he topic sentence: ‘ile opie sencences come i assorted gals, chey share a eeping both eters and readers on the tack. When you write, sume ha sense of diresion Given hal chance, they ose hei way. Therefore remind thoy are, Lea them with opi eneences, but be sure thar whatever you si ‘raph supports wha the topic sentence says 7, Guide Readers With Transitions Readers neal oe guided through an exsy, Consider chem visitor i you must show them around by sting up veal guidepows. Tel them whet iE {hom cher progres and remind them often ofthe destination. IF youve done fol tre ready for hat they find ar the end. By repeatedly alluding vo che main ia pel readers to foc on your point, but > readers at your side From Help reers long, to, by choosing words that exabish eins hei the net This ea be Jone with words such as hig which happens toe the ing tothe one before. (The word ton che st sence ofthis parsgriph set ic crv av link between tis and the eae paragraph) The English angi tne phrases che seve to ce sentences and ideas together. Her ss bref thea Sitios yrouped according to ther customary use, With a bit ofchoughts others When you ADD idest in addition, fener, norco, la ad then, tien oo again es, coli ‘When you COMPARE or similarly Wee, in comparan, fl CONTRAST tn cntvs, concer, on the oer baal and yen ovens still {When you cite an EXAMPLE forescnple foi ‘When you REINFORCE ined, facts ter of fac 00 an idea ‘any event by al eas ‘When you show RESULTS saree as 0 comers oman Trees assondgly ‘When you express 2 SEQUENCE 201 afer shen, previo mesnutil i or the psing of TIME trae lena afer a weil, med ‘When you show PROXIMITY. hee, nearby at tir pr, or atl te oppuite ide, ars fiom: adic a ‘When you CONCLUDE final shor nox conden, je the end Not every sentence nee tobe ted to the previous one with particle pre The des themselves somerimes rate a natal link "Whenever you ase a transition tote one sentence 1 an ipuratce then a smooth rip uough your cay: Onberwse, each sere Fred Hk in a chain, and teaders bump along, often loving the point YOU304 Bet doubing tac sis ep is work ming Hse Lively, and Fresh Words curintl ion beer chan plain word, AAT esay to show of. Youl get ie words usd for no other purpose then fic, that wonds tht sound proinind ro ypis readers. Or ore they cou Been Eth opinion tac prexcqisve fr parenthood ices dbus Bes bite with an even, dispasionate hand,” needs s base banc Brae a wetso: "I hick char good pues should noo hee Be an 8 °c ait wh al decide see Bree ott al bike gs, cry chinen wo give planercenaee Fei ot lox You wont gin mach by dosing odiney rn, HBippesc morc imprsie than yor aealy oe Braet hovers shoul be rgeded asa licmne 10 ue cum Bg: Seken ings, whichcontins many nla, Bee frat oes ha x place, bute paceinnox ing CMA a Bi ee 2 cre an ch that you cant get any athe ne Beg Beh hem wich question mats Why eal senton ean on Heo ore orignal won? Bre i ouahs—concon apa fr profound hough by eg esrcmtsnthcenturyphilowopher René Decanesreke dae Br colt hav sed more exotic wordy of cous woes Bre ccc tstinebuchiwatemene probably desmeris porches Bsr abla eo convey deep meanings with singles Bete 1 uc thar the pin words cad tobe the soto Bee PI noe plain, wks ou aa won in which erage ov py opena tight notin ourlins Go ene Ba geste ico pa and ingle won cane of Pied om the mouth language should sound like ener an focus on the subs ine you may hae bon warned never to we “In arc Bee toposes. burnin to GMAT ony Ince CAAT a, Feces skin you wo sate your opision or peeirnce He de Eira later, by using pronouns ike ne in *Whes a "oF you a8 in “Sometimes yo fel like ut an ety that expec the writers personal oping Bal wih asin the sep Prorat ing petcase ou of student writing. Unless stden an Beets anayby wing corn words cha hl sen Be a cite that they are posing ar bigh, wy cower mac robs ich. wiry clos andanicaluccnouph orc Bivhy pretend? eyo ein ec rng ot. thongh eh ay you spk Be tl P= Mose scaking i vague clumsy confined vad ee Beals of someone who speaks exceedingly we I BPPep tps and clicks, Think ofeas the lon BPRS ein che ay this paragraph sounds You a(Choose Precise Words Hany vague, and abstract words fade as quickly From a readers memory 3 bil Jndicate a lack of dear and precise chinkiog, How much ease ic iso say data ‘sing or etn chan to search for words thae wl precisely describe the book _oreconvenicat co resort o words lke wi, ins mpd, baring and prot han ‘what you mean by each word. But to write somedhing that wal ick in a ele defined, handedged word, Exace words help you express exace though Ti vw widh pitas, sounds, and actions that are ae vivid in words a nr Aisin matk; general ones, aly a Bey impeesion, ‘Good rite oben experience the noid nore intensdy shan othe pat think visually They listen had to che sounds and voices around dm and i sens ates: and tothe fel of things, They ep thei senses at fll hol James Buldwin once sid, “to describe chings which other people are too big tunderstand that good wig mast sometimes appeal o thei reader se To evoke song reponse from your reader, make use of the principle hata thousand words Actual whether ts mote o less than thous «debate hu words should help readers, Therefore, dw more chan you dt Instead of da ‘heene minded,” she him stepping inta his mening shower with hie pj Jing chat your room i a “mess.” show the pile of wrinkled clothes in te come Sickert wrappers seater of the flor set co your unmade bed. The sie sme: "Het breath wat foul with a sale whiskey stench’ to sounds: “the km machine in che ditance’s eo touch: “the fel of col, linn bedshees dt Aik of cleat water on a hor da." In sost by wecing vividly you prevent aa ing wher you hae to sy says bogged down in detail ne doubs grow tedious both tore and toa choose what eades ned to ee and know. Excesive anabsiss boring, bit il ies. No-one can tll you press howto achieve the balanee. The Fel of time and practice. In the end, the content and purpose of an exy wil ea detailed enced co he, Every sme yous mention 3 ml its or neces to i ‘ther «good reson for doing to. When yor ws an abstract word, ask whi ive deals © eiders or co push on to other mater? The context, a walla ‘aperence asa water, will determine what you cin expect readers to undead Slit more quickly reead any interesting passage fm a book or other publi ‘dnailsan che broad statements What did the passge show, and wha di eel held your interest, perhaps you wil have found a model wareh envlsting ni By no means does tis ple for verbal peision suggest sat abstract wos el Tangugses. After all we ned ther wo talk wo each ater about Gees de fal ‘endghioonent and thousand of chee novions that exis in ou here and and lsc, eo invent theories co expres fangs, and vo arial ideal and lpg ‘sparitesbunan beings fom al other creas, and we should delight in it reader arn impatient lt. They wll ject ety chat do, at oie pot a Use Lively Language ‘Avice sind Bee Ver: Unlike che machine sored mltple coo query willbe read by poople-real people with fsings, moods, likes and diy al Tnvgh, grow angry and be moved. They ate willy teacher wh now that Tse interesting, and cleat Tike any readers, hey wil be pa of by wring al The mose flcint way to inject life into your writing st pay lore ate ‘verbs. Verbs, as youlve no doubs been taughs, show action or sate of beng Tal vesbs show acronis extremely impovtanc. Active vib scimulat incerest by all They create moverent, perform str things upy and move around, They excell power to restore lifer les prose They ad energy and vitals oseence il hep you to weit howe eenoe Be eve nner. They signa. They dnt do ayshing bt Be Peal forms of the verb to bin ox. was, wor, oe ne Bese cach of hse being vers joins a ubjer vo pn Bie Heil itstors acts much lke a verbal equal signs ec enh Be fs teen gens), or “Your GMAT sco nec Bi Fates Cand equa signs) show ite if, ue acverehe Cee PFU HE ino suesh encncee BB NE Yrb drawn from anctcr word inthe sentence Bieta Pil wer the bighes corr onthe GMAT peacce cox Bossa Dhl wore highe on the GMAT praceie en BM Yeti bas heen deawe from the noun hares PRU ecb way also be exeacied fom adjectives Peterman che deterining factor in GMAT gia. Behiosmenc derives GMAT rakes Be bese caw fn the accive deerining Be ofr an srgether new vec fp en thar admsion to business school sche result ofa seus Bloc indachicxemne Be fie tata sdest’seflor and achievement led t busines Heol admission feeble in spcch and wscng, We can hardly get alng without chem B27 1:21 of thumb, more than one in our chyourrcnee ey Baits v2b, you may be depending xceivy on pee eae er gf 9 oF your wetng, youre likly wo find hat eee senecery, Baie orsughly ear. Sbjecs become vert, webs en ans priate erily—aleraions that resale in seorones das bos tn Meee cine, hough, your wiking may ger oa uncsenn Be tat nsdes words, herby improving your king dead verbs out of your pros, you may sin Berean vert. Thar, certaia nouns, when aed atthe ncheere Berea Fig hel verb, Some abecact nouns, in hen oe Bag ils sentences sarting with “The reason” asin “The nese toi eo erly iced by sbjet tou ke tence vn Be he silly abaract nouns, The same hold tie or ereerea Beer 2800 colleges in Arctic” and aien For senrcnce tha Be gk deere it one* On de oer hand, nouns thar ne pak Sor ey out fr active bs, When the wbject ean pero Boric, youl sever in out of stb choices intr conte, ew defi oun pice oa Ber more ene and ator readable senten The eu of chew BM athe dea ices dawn the next coridn, ees corridor gocs othe deans offs BF scents who ate god in chemistry bu notin phi Petes excel in chemisry but noc in pyscesMAT i dsencd cost your aig "0 comprehend material con Be tite Compretcmion ree Prepsction fir not only Bene dost bo aio che Cac gees "8 questions, The 2 att back oth pases es eing the aay be based on the passages, eather EU ost abilisy a devy nae the marr is realtone Se cucsons. ies 09 the Critcal Reoning GP mn aks The lowing 1 ang pases ha will cable yon GMAT. Practice eerie hens this spproach, eats comprcenion anda the undestanding of che mean BR of 2 wide vat Fea oatulay nae jon ts deme Be ti my bold the Srg¢=ph or pa ipernity, rs rd as posible evel theme oF a pasa i Postion to teat whee ml ct Pos ad signitcane dea oa fe ent theme is aed may vee Bip Cones peemedy ieee, Be 8: by reine vl eri 9 onuize menaty eae sssge is pur together and, [tele This iste hil you wih ae {6 2 the greatest Sen msenteser oa, ae OeAPPLYING BASIC READING SKILLS be only way to become adept at the dee base reading sil uctincd Om the echniqucsinvelved a mcs posible. Siding the meanings of be Wa All pour reading material wil soon help you establish 2 working knowledge same manner, making an effort to leate copie sentences, geneal theme al Afr yo have read through chem and ansvered the quentions sacl pute exerciees atthe end, FINDING THE TOPIC SENTENCE The en “topic sentence” is wed eo describe the sentence that gives the hey UUsully che topic sentence ie found inthe beginning of paragesph. Hower il rule, Awter tay buld che pasgsaph ra conclusion, put an example in which the topic senrene is located a he be EXAMPLE 1 Line. The word faces aserious problem of oerpopulaion. ght now [2] laekof adequate food fare are boing made oincrene the aaa ‘herinber of people tobe ed increases at a faster ate The ia state deci nthe opening Sentence. YoU Know tha the Pla Sefios problem of overpopulation Like 2 heading or caption the tone se gets your min ready for what follows in that paragraph. eflore you ry olocate the top sentence paragraph you mus rue depends upon reading and judgment Read the whole nasige it ‘which sentence comes losestio expressing the main paint ofthe paar the postion ofthe topie sentence the paragraph ook for the most mo the idea to which lf the oer sentences alate EXAMPLE 2 During the ater years ofthe American Sevoluten, the Aneesh ‘ment wos formed. This government suffered soveay roma nko trated the others and gave Ite authority to he cent oe Line Arties of Confederation produced. a government tic cou 18) teres prevent inion rid, force the Gish cut ofthe Unita ‘Wiha ithe topic santnce? Certainly the paragraph is about the arise ‘eer the Mey idea in the fst sentence orn the second sentence? in thi sentence does sett jot of ving you the kayo this paragraph thai that chaactorzed the Arcs of Confederation. The sentences that telte more tothe idea of ack of power" than tothe time whieh the gt Dorit assume thatthe top sntence avy he fie sentence of ilEXAMPLE 3 eg rt Pred etcaon acon Income Stic show nay Eris 2rona those aut who attended check ne eae, en tl 2e ei tecniealoradvanced vane ne 1001 graduate earns ho in tums cams more than the cage BP oF he whol parasaph One nore cape EXAMPLE Pr rrton atts than one thr fhe avocado Berg Seal erosucion nas hats Fornosiontens Sperncriben tis. sa ibuee to Southem teadashiners ot Pletacty werent detested or ourycon, several pa hats them 9 ene general theme ciel sing of he nie pangs and deding shack nee BPI you hive he right ides when vss Fiequent o¢ uot impo Perches i. As you EXAMPLE 7 Bee ist eae A good exametecan be ound nor Bee shane Enlai Al ers ged 2 ovcreenajien, Prot ants bulitey ako ort together toate on Jollee Beate od te ote umber of vtets make eon Bethe ial woo get together tomate thelaue boca Siren eee oY nesetem ical nc camacaeeaee ble of istancetowavel butt teal too, 8 Bret oe nmating laws axe more oa pcham n, errr, Mimbet of ctiensane te dutancestoremie ihe mest oreccl way to make lus ned parts in paral: Several examples cs: Patsaraph both ofthese ae toneby the vot Bega cntatve government in whch voter sect are ie eee: the noble of and number see B97 PTCA Inthe flowing queson put ar hee ee“The mein theme ofthis passage sthat (0) the United State fener democratlc (6) cizons cannot vote for awakens {) representative government des nat make avs Ib) every einen makes lans recy {e) increasing populations lead to lessclrect domecracy ‘he answers choice (E. Choices (0) (Cand [O} canbe eliminated beat the pusinge, Choice (A may have made you hestate ice. The passage mala les aac democracy but never ays that representative goverment aH The next three passages oller farther practice in Finding the min them following exch evample and check the analysis to make sue you ender EXAMPLE 2 se 13 miles off the northwest coast of Scotland the gest Hetoides Yt fee has nether mace! ts ntura!beaury no ro Infabitants The scene and the people ae almost as they mere gee “The fist sight that impresses the visitor o Skye is tk DEN the unul sot forthe send isnt slush green“paradice es ont (devoid of shlbbery. Mountains moorland, shy, and seo combins fang landscape, Endless stretches of rely his dominate the hori Dans meet the eye Yet tis ecene Masa beauty a itsown ‘nd then cutting into the stark landscape ae te fantastic a Culling, sing into the cla skies above. The Calls arethe mod Seotlnd and are frequently cimbes, Thee rugged naked and fidges and acute peaks even atzactad Sie Edmund ilo. ‘The ma dea of hs passage (Al the sig over hye (@) the lack of tees on Shy {C) the natural beauty of Skye (D) the lick of atectaton 09 Slye (G the curinsin theskies of hye ‘Allo the answers hve some tuth ther. The problem fs nd the Bs ‘hotces are mentioned in the passage only by a smell comment, BAL throughout every port ofthe passage. The clue to the corect owe aS nema ras coveredrere montioned in WS rouble, les ang meh a St broveen The secon eh cea atenen emoreau creat ntrestn the andar coe them © may cach Ich However sen Bh the rasage ca hikes Tade does not Tent eMERG obs Chace G pre Some Tet oh eats of erase Coot ek Phra procs ba 0.EXAMPLE 4 ‘he enormous problems of urna swamps al desert ina isan ‘wh the deal of share ael-sharealka, gave ith to the kibbutz In those days the Mbbute meme had t pow the elds wih shoulder “Toca sect ala factor inthe klbbutz shelters are far ‘lng every walk among the shod tees, near the childrens hous ‘hildien ofthe bbz ve, and nea he communal dining room But the swamps have been cancuered andthe desea grail Andie iboute members once faced deprivation anda manta reap the ares ofhard work and succes. ‘One such kibbute Doct athe gatenoy to the Negev coset age-ie ae commural settlement ‘Life onthe hibutz has become more complex though grt ‘once the lane brely yielded enough fora ining Doral, ike anya exports sme is clon It aso has become Industaize, sno setclementsDoret has foctory which exports faucets toa doesn Unites eae “The main them ofthis ace (2) the manufacture of faucets a san of growth and prosperity inthe (@) pith the sobing of agricultural problems the buts has became mom (©) sinc secur isa problem forthe kibbutz, thas become indus (Dots the prosperous gateway tothe Negey des I) kibbutz ate good pass to va, though they ar located in san ‘Choice Ik aces rt mention atthe end of the passage ts an en tainly not the general dee of the passe, Choice) she same kd of itistoo specie fact. Choice (8) unoated to the passage We now hae possible anaes. Choice (Cl seems reasonable unl you enalze it Ol cause the induszation? Or are there beter examples of how faa row that aula problems have been solved? The evidence eam In summary, in onder wo find the genet theme 1. Read at your normal spect Locate the topic sentence in cach parsgrah 3, Nore idcas that ae frequent or emphasized 4, Find dhe idea so which mos of the panage i related‘AL RELATIONSHIPS, i mein ts BP opions fd in te pay Bs importa: bus abs how ge to this general theme, Jo this way, you ean he ideas interiltc to form the whale Bieber ste > answer questions chr ve 10 the passage neal supporting fats, words or phases and che relation of one id to antes EXAMPLE 7 Bie PP cose atietonto statements and actions that wil make the Bat ance Rone candates wore pure utite ones We tag Bethea in whitey to indent that they wore pure cles ant Bigg Omer ineressing to note that sucha toga vec nora Ble. candiines have alked thems Bebe Vi of eros poten party, he ay von foramen Be itcess dsions of opinion deveon so that today rere fate vewsin ary joe pany. ves th pole parties, Once BE lain tiom the fst paragraph is tha after an election fate dshonest, Essconcrned vith symbols ofintegriy change thirds the word "hovever”sgnala shift in ken, Your égment You cannot jump to concise BPM resonable oft. Choices (a) (0) and (8 shouts Bebe eanswnou exception, the lst sentence is BS must conscered, there isnothing nthe BP Anotchange ter idcos This oveesyou muon Buhattheparasnh sic ks you mary hat tong of ParagTaph that suppecs [B)asthe only state Gates rom the tame pola party today ae aly to cert Ben xr ludoment ater ‘clowing ideas and word cues The Bish ere 2 wide range of views. the i liinates choice, Choice 6) Begs woul not ely be inthe same paryt they nonce nt degrees of areernent.Choice{fl is weak because Bowie agreement only by acident-The wide range mentee Bg es iorchce(O)2s3 rte more ely You may sy at choke Bi Sts that you re ichig the very bes chace tok at ag BP recting caretuly on al possbitios and sekctng tnenenEXAMPLE 2 In 1812 Napoleon halo mthrow is Fores for Rass, The oie esstly and reached the cy of Moscow. Tere was no question of sy ar Unvalingness to ht. As winter came; the Russian on ma toe leaving 6 wasteland ond burned buildings Other conquered Ea tipon Napoleon's problems In Russia as their chance to fem Teese fom French cond According tothe passage itm be inferred that the main reason for Napa Rassias the 1a) disloyalty ofthe French wanes a) Russen winter |6) burned buildings (0) tevokein other counties (Russian army tn tis assole only choice 2 is totally Incorrect. choice (is very Wek vy vas net ableto stop the rvasion. The chokes narrow io which habe Inseems that al three answers ae supported bythe passage, There neste fre udgment by you, Which ofthese could be overcame eniyanc weich feason for Napoleon eoving Rusia? The bumed buidings could be oven ing other shelters The Rusa winter Was severe and the army dd ot wan trorching out of fussia inthe wieter wes alo a great problem, Napoleon Sayed In Moscow excent ore moe srousproblen—thelos of the conta ‘er most of Europa, Thu, anewer(O) is bestWer act vere area Fees te Voted Sate: ant a Bes Hh ner tustanasy ne county inca inthe should be maintain ese biter attack BIE © DYeventive way td sonesone whe hme at wae and on toes of sh agents Zimmerman Teesram, the German ambassador Be And in March sone, Fispatnce at PPSsutng the Unites stares PASO evar agank Cemanyag Pee his patience at an encrvn ison choice, ides Tore Bitiison espon raph veo, Nea the end ofthe WS descibes ar In Who wa yng to O88 change ni ned aftr hea the felng of thea HMI of Amc a {uate had chanced The phere NESE tater ones teenager PSE check tr secuence Sen Th ten nar Ge ngMAKING INFERENCES An inference isnot stared Ii sume by the reader rom something dB nce isthe likely probable conchivion vather than he dict, logicel oneal nion oF viewpoine thatthe writer wants the reer to follow oc sume: all ce the rear figures out the author's opinion even theugh tis noe aed Ti found in the manner in which Fcts-ate presented and inthe choice of won a is reveled by the one-sided nature ofa passage in which no opposing Ft ae ther by “ace” words eha reveal the author felngs Tes well worch aocng that opinionated wring is often more ins accounts, Some writes are very colofl,frefal, oe amusing in preening ll rnderstand that het saothing wrong wit reading opinion. You shoul eal now tha they are opinions. Then make up your own mind Norevery writer wll inser an opinion obvious: However, you can go same idea is said (Fequency) whether argomens ae balanced on bok cof wording (emotional o laded words. Look fo the elues inthis a EXAMPLE 1 Sow but surely the great passenger rains ofthe Ursted Stats a the rails. Shere-run commit als sl rate in and out ofthe il cies you can til finda rai, but the schedules are becoming es th Century Limied The Bron day Limite, 2nd other lxury an fala 60 t0 80 miles an hour ae ne longer turning Passenges plain of poor service old equipment and costs in time and mone traveler today accepts the nose ofjets the congestion airports and aiortand cy Amore elegant and graceful way i becoming oi 1. th respect othe veduction of ong-tu passenger ain this wie (A) reget (m pleasure et 10) elation © mow Before you choose the answer You must deduce what the wie’ feeling ate his eling but cls ave aval zo that you may infer wht imposible, because he gives no word tat shows he is leased by the ha strong ass choles fh Cice (the most reasonable inference mala El change He I: expressing reget 2, The author seers fo feel that a aves i) costly (B) slow (0 sveamines (0) elegant (Ey uncomfortatie Hore we must be careful because he says very tlt about a ove Hoe about it prevents hres negative or annoying points. The hice now became IBvieconect,EXAMPLE 2 SIs 2s founded th century wes smal made up most electing this domes. Btn rt serce budget ay, 1709 crsaoe tay, to, Beye the fis tnied Sets amy, sonore american Revo ‘leatly the United Stator a A taken serous by the est orthe wens Bp gers sce ne te mnea area country Bes a on ais by hetegungar ne enti cen Ba be s cesominicy ago ae and ha Deere fs Potton hd orm to meg tie ts ciginal Bee HEHE oF 2200-00 amencang tna Roose, $e Ha) 29 eran partn work ata uniess oF Apeticapoauaton Be Pra te castace ou vate eso renee this Bit ot stem byes ancien unto the estore wi Pree ou each writer ond chennai ‘Comparisons of one againetEXAMPLE 3 ‘No nation shoud tolerate the slacker who wl not defend his coun foveal conscious objectors coward who accepts the bei vill no accept the responsi By shirking his fi share ef sume an una burden rae /h democratic ation should have oom fr freedom of consent belt may meke a man conscientious opposed to partition tious objector should be permite ta gielabor sevice r some fom ary duty, is bole should be respecte. Write ‘The ights ofthe conscentous objector should be decide by ea ‘inmant should litte to any parton o!requie him to endanger isl onscinee, objects There need beno religious bas. tis enough aa 15) _thnkas he pleeses end to eject las or ules which he consent _Atslanced opinion on this subjects presented by (a) weer {@) Weiter (wet {0) alof the wrters {8 none ofthe writers ‘We can conclude thatthe writer mest lely to support petson vl 19) weer (b) writer (ger (9) allof the ters {6} pone ofthe writers ‘an outhodtaianpetsonis most ely to agree with woter! (0) Weert AQ) Weer 1B) alot te wets 1B, mon of the wes ook or ues inthe language or colce of werd that ae onded wih el Mocolest ond sheking’ by Wier | and éctate’ endanger’ ond 35H Compare them withthe lnguage ued by Wier I The se you ean Gresnyutithviewsyou have heard or read We reno asking you 1935 ou ate using your slr reading what the waters think and adding tO ‘Then you make logial inferences The corct answers ae 1 (8,2 andl [Now that you ave spent time reviewing zhe dee basc sills you shou ag comprehension ability uy dhe bo practice cris chat ole: ANSE are ues: B, You shoul alse try so spend time using his reading appre Fil noe slated eo the GMATes on sin the Reading Corpension pages oad og Berea hen anesthe questions chat alon axe iding to the Bs Cheon scons sou me pannel eee he pas Be ei You aco mad caddy Where B52 Pine. The qucsion ae ba on hes Bt hare ine rinses o compen this ors Be boris cp armpsion chat he chien o, pe et Wits gens ike 7h Whe Ate Benen ad Peg eo Fon chlgaion to npr eo on Be gc Ths orewaton wa preety tae Be Petites wes conde in Tench See language Ba age ikea in Fence One chole seen a Beit 2 sb te Mag han hyd ee By icured on the wanes of ano dane re Pero hs science An academizi ree nan i BB Bier and he Min cence enna 7 Be sec did of pecion “Thee em Be sich. Aker al, Arb nioamias hol bee Jing in ell Bene Cancer shen honey beled hop te hcpog p22 nia, fr exampe elden seem Masdins Beg 1 ou al ht wc hae of ing ean Bei at sks for the nrc nh incligence." But none of tis By ary csi! cin in colonial idolgis. To he Pet Fey crt! snd contd e saved only by coming The Bact cour so deend hc idnty cor Sonal po Bae rie ne ite MOF Hala, “ull phan Theron ges Bec of Aste tunic ciitaton a suger eon Be a cal inependenc, Yr the si af denis oct BPs: 00 oon say autre and ince postcolonial Bie Sb the devasingimpac ofctocitnns Tikeing ic Be (AE raps) by the decane ofoiginal nt oy tz Fanon, expe Be Dire Coloration, wel express the Now oe n perspective Faas romantic calcul nanan are ancy ene eae Song ode and when een {socio asoiated with socal change cat chek Bit mie dtc cou maori et of in te future cannot be known, Buta proves, Fimation of Arbins and Mam have chanel an Si 0 2rd thw il ein ealay mporan deme ate Bee 7 independen: Non Avie is the promotion of ma Be ise oF he Maghed donot pane ea he Fave heen variations in polices within ech coc Ber crn 19Taniss, for example the governs ea en and tay ba inte bons Toe sr bout Bi bowers sat sch advances ae nora withbjecves owing Rem North African nationalism In Maxon, in emmene decided to give child an “Arab” edacaton, ic was ford heeause, among other things, most Moroccans had ben edad jn a ‘ey consequently had few rachets qualified o each in Arabic. Two ) tates declining, this pareof the Arvbantion programm was poxpond. The tiom delaed "We are not fats we man to enter the moder WN ‘Which of che flowing ies bet describes the content ofthe passe (A) duction in he Levant () Netionalion in Nort Aftios (©) Cilio i the dale ne (D) Mase Sera (E), Calne ad Language Which ofthe fllowing is not used to present dhe author's argument (A) Colonialion demorlined the local inhabiaas (B) Coloxialism prec an identi crisis {C) Cala nationale wil soon diappese {D} ocoloniaton ds na always ran sno 4) Colonalns assumed tha loc ealures wee inferior, ve author's atu toward colonials is best described a one of (A) sympathy (8) bewildermen (©) suppor () hos © ambivalence ‘Which ofthe following doce the author mention as evidence of ela (A) Native cilson in North Aiea Ired lite abot lol el (B) Science ws ot taught in the Arabic language (©) Cal plicy was determined in Prance (©) Golonaliss spent lee on development () Natve teachers were aoe employed in public schools he author provides information thar would answer which ofthe fll (8) Whac was the diference berween French and German aid (0) Why did Euzopeans pote their way of ison ther enone (© Why was colonialism bad (D) Why wa coloniliem dss? (©) When did colonial end in North Afsca)As Porto Margheta grows as an industrial ports nd mores sll for larger ships, currents become faster and dikes make dhe Mion Thea lah alway ben problem or Veni, ba Valeion, Boog hs become more Gequet omctine OS Madd othe iolentsciocat”chat lows upto 60 nes a the more vlnenble Yer Venice nor rumbling, Despite dhe vile deay os cepts plain that peste cco off the pale and ex aa Stops the strgcture ate old The Risko Bide il sands si trons supported by 6000 piles Arc somcthing has been doe top dhe damage done by Ya sngasre hus proved 10 otk miacls The bap on pumping nl fur Ascent of 3 mllmeter 3 yeah ben so fice hal Accoding co the painge Between 1951 and 1971, Venice os appa residence annually? a5 @) 3150 ©) 6.300 (D) 15,500 ) 63,000 A) cannot be saved fom destruction (8) sin danger of imminen disappearance {€) is doomed to become anather "Alanis >) can be sed but much work is necessity () suse become a member ofthe EC {Which of th following condos has os conerbel wo Venice a 4) Moverene of che eu erst (B) Netural eases (©) Malia ofthe polar eap {D) lndusraleaion (&) Shipping on she canals According tthe passage, which of che following figu ‘Venice fr began sinking (a) 400 (8) A. 1400 (D) Ao. 1970 {E) None of the above (A) a doors iy ike Alanis (8) uncontrolled conditions (©) acombination of natural and human destruction 1D) international neglect {E) benign concern by isernational agenciessage is nt tonal. Tht given inch i hae and in lines 208; and op D) in lines 12-24 Bin nes 12-14, and ¢ (Ns impied 16-41 Bae tei le 17 0 wal puted vce Be 56. The face ha children wer Mir sd 10 calc very lee about cei PPS 00s | end continace 1951-1971), ot approsimatety 3,150 work is necessary. Soe lines 3-5, 03895 and ha re Chop Ts seta Bethe ead on which Venice ssa has by 0 Sioking for BR le Ln ad repeated in ins 31 34, 37.43, 44, and 49HDR Gvesone of she Gran Bi ee, This choy onthe Gi ile scn snten. basic rules of nd usage thee FF hal prt the semeice is undid, Yon ‘Meundctined pu en fie alerts ty op EXAMPLE Bets a ceeathissaemeny, Hetepeat again ni sterner, HB epesthis satemere agai, Hoteoeat his stemane Peer 010 eosan hs satemen, 'S COMMONLY FouND CORRECTION SECTION Preps errs he una and usage or di pare of th monly presemed in the Ch ubjcetve and of am, this section of Ber tbe bs ales and teach You whet and we ofthe die 2 such a6 che fortation belie. We ase bcctiv cases, that a candidate for ch nition based on pronouns, the poston ofadje, AP is fai vith basic nowledgeVerb Errors 1. Errors in Verb Tense (Check ithe core er tee hs heen wed i the sue TNOORRECT: When [came home, che chile sel id inh CORRECT: When I came home, the children sel had idl INCORRECT: Ase ate dinner, che phone rang CORRECT: At we were eating dinner, che phone ang In REPORTED SPEECH, check shar che rule of epee of tes tas Bl INOOMRECT: She promised she wil come, CORRECT: She promised she would come INCORRECT: She sid she doesnt know his phone suber CORRECT: — She sid she didn know his phone number INCORRECT: She claimed she has never been there [CORRECT She claimed she had never been there 2. Errors in Tense Formation (Cec if the tenis his been formed corey. Knzw the past putin oi INCOMRDCT: "He thrived out the window CORRECT: He thre it aut the window INCORRECT: Having jst dean some water I wasre shiny (CORRECT: Having just drunk some water, [was hing 3. Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement. ‘Check if che subject of the verb issingular or plural Docs the vet ais “Multiple subjects will be conneied by the word AND: Ted, Joho, and 1 ae going 1a singular subjec separated bya comma fom an accompanying PR The bride, together withthe groom and her parents, seeking athe INCORRECT: ‘Theres many estos why Fett help you CORRECT: There are many retons why Tea help yo, INCORRECT: — Sir Lloyd, accompanied by his wife, wer at dhe a CORRECT: Sir Lloyd, accompanied by his wife, was a the pa INCORRECT: His mastery of sere langunges an the socal afer dinnee gues ‘CORRECT: His mastery of sete lagigel and than el afer dinner guest. 4. Errors in Conditional Sentences. [a condivonal sentences, the word will NEVER be fllomed bythe wun Here are the correct conditional fons FUTURE: IFT have tne, wll do ie romorton PRISENT: FT had die, ould doit now ast If had had time, I would have done ie sendaPAA he Seotence Correction Section Sermon afm far codons & coetiing ‘fe condiionals, Fie: “When ¢Fsppeas inthe caning of BE Al dot kw wheter he wil b BP bor. Txt are gone Hom, 1 wool have gone Houle se ie Pbk be cir ere) if yt werent foing to bed ae i you dn gt bed co ng Fs monica you wl get hone BE tbe moment you ges eg eo te bach 2 wares oy BD the bach fitment soe ons of Desire Te ae (or could, or old pas the exam PY hci, Bi You could (woute) come Beg cone or cult hve cme, woud ave come, aight fae ‘ame) BS dew ALWAYS apcaras wnvig "he present 1 wl he Bi icant a ished head a bow in be ony about hit before met him oF could have heard Beith you wi oF woul hare head) that soy eon time PBs: you could (oc woul) be on tine Pllovied by VERB WoRDs Bk prion haat lovedbya VER WORD ¢he indi per ‘auireoien, ‘commend suggest, omnniation suggestion quire its Blinporanelacccsry hae Bl gored the doctor ‘recommenda ignored the doco ation the she wope smoking ton tha she sop smokingINCORRECIE. [tis essential dharyou are on time ‘CORRECT: Ic is eset tha you be on time INCORRECT. He sagged thar we should meet a the tn CORRECT: He suggested that we meet adhe rain 7.Errors in Negative Imperatives. [Note the ve forms for negative imperatives A. Please doe do cha B, Wel you please not do that INCORRECT. Would you plese done smoke here connect Please doit smoke ere ‘Would you plese oc stoke here, 8 Errors in Affirmative and Negative Agreement of Verbs, Note the ve correct forms for afrmaiveagueement A. Laman American and sos she 1B, Laman American and she i to. A. Mary likes tach and so docs ohn Mary likes Bach and John does e My face wil be there and wil eny mother. My father will be there and ay mother wil to INCORRECT: — Ihave seem the flim and she aho has CORRECE, Ihave cen the fil and w hat she ave seen dhe fil ad se hus 0 Note the ro corset forms for epetine agreement A.V aot American and he ina ther B.Cim not American and neither ise Mary dacs be Babh Joh aes athe Mary doesn lie Bach and neither dogs Joh. My futher wot be there and my’ mother wort cites My father wore be there and neither will mymotber T haveric seen the film aid she hast ihe Iversen the fl and she ant ide avert ce the film ad neither base 9, Errors of Infinitives or Gerunds in the Complement of VetbS Some vetbs may be Followed by ithe 4ninfnikive ora gerund Tlorete anticPre nT hone ote eter or amate reasons Flloving is ope UND, deny ey ash Pte GEREN, Mi a0 mins keep on Fegan look forwatd eo think shou Be cdrough think of Mies him the Complement SM SHOW reste the wond HOW bet infinitive in Be knees dine Be know bow ey cvs DA ch yo os Pec sou how heNOTE: If there ea contraction in the sentence ver, make site ou km INCORRECT Shel been there before, ont she? ‘CORRECT: She’ been there before, hast she? INCORRECE ould rather go yours hadi you? ‘CORRECT: Youd nuther go yourself, woulda you? 12, Errors in Idiomatic Verb Expressions Following are 2 few commonly used idiomatic verb expresions, Nott he bya vezb word, « participle, an infin, or «gerund, Memorize a singled shen choosing an answer A. mn have (den) —meaning "es 3 logical conclusion” Theyre late They must have missed the bus eae ey ee ‘ad Bert (do) meaning “ii advisable Ws geting col, You had beter take your cos He sil has fever He had better noe go out ye. sed 1 (de)—meaning “was inthe habit of dng in the past used to smoke a pack of eguets a da; but 1 stopped When I worked on a farm, used to getup a 4:30 in che morning 1 be med to—meaning “a be accustorned to? vo get used 10 ro become us The noise doesnt hother me; Tin used eo scuying withthe rao Tn America youll ger used to eating only Englih all dy long ‘make someone demeaning “once scone ro do have someone de—meaning “case someone to de? er someone d>—meaning allow somone to da” My mother wale me ake my lnk ster with me tothe movi The teacher had us write anes instead of taking an xa, The use ddl lt us come in inthe incrmision, ‘would nther—mesning “would prefer” I would rather speak to her mypath would eather nor spat her mysele. Bur ifthe preference i fox someone other shan th ub do che oni athe you spt bez ‘would rather you didnt speak to her Pronoun Errors 1. Errors in Pronoun Subject-Object, Check if pronoun is the SUBJECT o7 the OBJECT of a veh or pep INCORRECE All of w-—Fre, Janes Alice, and me—were te CORRECT: All ofue-—Fred, Jane, Ace, and I wer leAit the Sentence Correction Sect Pes blame you and be for she accidems? Peete blame you and him for the center dWwiom, Bigg WHOM, sbeing he sbjcoja of a the cag Sach cin, oF che ve mia whoo scl Betcha ncn Sarak cane BR whole wie be Pi 0 th vet sun BR con 25 who was boner ated BSubject-Verb Agreement BF ener Remente tha he liwing ve ng + fier other what ey0ne oon whatever | erating nothing whoever Balen, bc ew ofthe chs is her Beant bs: ev of tetas we ho Bo he project have co come wo the meeting Beebe proper bis come wo the sccng Bi cee a able fr he cy Be bot cess suitable fr the poy Mae: OF them acc experts onthe subject Bp ofthc isan exert onthe eatgecs i a lar and tke singular verb, For Pann lity pecdig the wp 2 plural ver, Bt © pronounce « singuls rae lal subject, x in BBS hey is preced by “Nekhes hee Peli bringing is BIG ar brig c Borie ws thee PHS were ther4, Errors of Possessive Pronoun Agreement ‘Chek if possessive prondus agi tn psn a nde INCORRECK: anyone cll eke thei name CORRECT; Fanyone cll, tke his name INCORRECT Tote of us who cre should write co their congresal CORRECT: Thoteofus who cae should write to our con CORRECT. Some af you wl have wo cone it your own sah 5, Errors in Pronouns after the Verb» TO BE ‘TO BE isan inuanscive verb and wil always be fllawed by a subjece prinl SCORRECT: I wish [were hi! CORRECT Tish Ter he INCORRECT: He didit know tha was me who di it (CORRECT: He didst know tha ie wat L who dit 6. Errors in Position of Relative Pronouns A relative pronoun refers co the word preceding it If che meaning is uns INCORREGE He could pak igh in front ofthe door, whic wi Since ie wat not the door which was convenient he “which ilgili 0 corteet the sentence es necessity eo erie ie completly CCORRECE "His eng alowed t pat cight in one oF che anim INCORRECT: The traffic was very heavy. wich made me lite SORRECT: waslace because ofthe heavy talc The heavy eaffic made me lee 7. Errors in Parallelism of Impersonal Pronouns In forms acing imperonal pronouns, we cither“one conch othe a INCORRECT: One should tke your dais seriously CORRECT: One should rake on his or her dues see You should tke your duties tious INCORRECT One should have their blood prenure check a ‘CORRECE: "One sheild have ote his or het blood pestle ll You should fave your blood pressure checked gltb Errors HPfAdjectives and Adverbs BSSPDJECTIVE or an ADVERB. Make sure dhe core form has been EXCEPTIONS fat i hard thar means alos ie Te wish 1 wer ich Hash Tere cht Be YoUNg ran writs bad Mhjoung man wre bay HEE ely good teacher swith Verbs of Sense Pith ar ntansiive sd are described by. small Bloke very wi Be lok ery good dhe mang of “He is helthy” or in desing persons Mi od ers delicious Te food tases delicious Bp Ys a used os ranstive verbs. modify with an adverb as usual: She3. Errors in Comparatives A. Similar comparison ADJECTIVE: She ee pay rss ADVE: Fle wotks as hand a his fer B. Comparative (of oo things) ADJECTIVE She i preter than he ser She is move beau chan her ss She is es sucesfl than er seer ADVERB: He works batder dan his father He reade more quicdy chan | He drives less carcesly than he used to, NOTE 1: A pronoun following shan in a comparison will be che subj You are pecier dha she (i) You drive better than he (oe) NOTE 2: In using comparisons, adjectives of one lable, or of te sil sresmart, smarter; prey, prettier. Othee words of more chan one flit ui inceresting, Adverbs of one spllable add -e longer adverbs «ac mam ft quickly NOTE 3: The word dient is flowed by fom: You are difizat from me, . Superaive (comparison of mone than two things) ADJECTIVE: She isthe puis gil in her css He is the most sucesfl of his brothers, This one is the least intzetng of the thie ADVERD, He play the het oF al speaks che mort iniscaigy He spoke to them the lest patoningy EXCEPTIONAL FORMS 00 better tate bat worse worst mustvmary. re cnoat figle leat INCORRECT: "This exescic is hinder hen the atone CCORRECKE ‘This exercise is harder than the lat one, INCORRECT; He works fster than het (CORRECT; He works fuser than she INCORRECT: Shee the more responsible person of the the [CORRECT Shes the mose responsible person ofthe thi INCORRECE She was much dlfeene chan I expected CORRECT. She was much diesen fon what [expe INCORRECT; This year Il hav liter Fe time, ‘CORRECT; This yea Il have ls free timeBSS the correc form hasbeen used MPeore you prac, you wil ger ec Bate jou pest, che bes you wil gy We wl ge chee ei Ah caer we wl gc here Bf 78 booms les ie Yoh or cing Pere bom tees tine os hve Br iIComparatives kere hey make ene Spee t igre than any sate inthe Unie Sates ete is 07 ct satin the Uhied Sate Als wi BRE than ey race c would be bigeer chan inc BBE the mort important of anyother reson isthe mos: import naon Hobie books thisome is bese Dero books, this one is bene al Comparisons BOF fkesomeshing ese. De not mixup the evo forme Bess the same ike min Dard is ike min TB desis the smn a mine Wsing Comparative Structures Be tte compart, hough they ae ot te comparons Besar to spend Ss mich x hour ving Bey have spends muchas vo hour wai Hise rice more than I though i would Fram evice 2s muchas | thought would rAdjectives Bip SDIECTIVE, eves nade. Do ot plain oa Mine king ike & rwo-yearsold child Nose calking lke 2 o-yearold chile inal and Cardinal Numbers BPs hid cc) ae precede by te, Canal numbers fone om thes,