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List of SQL Commands - Codecademy

The document is a list of commonly used SQL commands along with a brief description of each one. It begins with background information on SQL and relational databases. Then it lists 24 different SQL commands (ALTER TABLE, AND, AS, etc.), each followed by a simple example of its usage and a short explanation of its purpose. The commands are listed alphabetically to serve as an easy reference for SQL functions.

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Harish Bisht
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40 views5 pages

List of SQL Commands - Codecademy

The document is a list of commonly used SQL commands along with a brief description of each one. It begins with background information on SQL and relational databases. Then it lists 24 different SQL commands (ALTER TABLE, AND, AS, etc.), each followed by a simple example of its usage and a short explanation of its purpose. The commands are listed alphabetically to serve as an easy reference for SQL functions.

Uploaded by

Harish Bisht
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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25/07/2016

ListofSQLcommands|Codecademy

ListofSQLcommands|Codecademy

Background
SQL,'StructuredQueryLanguage',isaprogramminglanguagedesignedtomanagedatastoredin
relationaldatabases.SQLoperatesthroughsimple,declarativestatements.Thiskeepsdataaccurateand
secure,andhelpsmaintaintheintegrityofdatabases,regardlessofsize.
Here'sanappendixofcommonlyusedcommands.

Commands
ALTERTABLE
ALTERTABLEtable_nameADDcolumndatatype;
ALTERTABLEletsyouaddcolumnstoatableinadatabase.

AND
SELECTcolumn_name(s)
FROMtable_name
WHEREcolumn_1=value_1
ANDcolumn_2=value_2;
ANDisanoperatorthatcombinestwoconditions.Bothconditionsmustbetruefortherowtobeincludedin
theresultset.

AS
SELECTcolumn_nameAS'Alias'
FROMtable_name;
ASisakeywordinSQLthatallowsyoutorenameacolumnortableusinganalias.

AVG
SELECTAVG(column_name)
FROMtable_name;
AVG()isanaggregatefunctionthatreturnstheaveragevalueforanumericcolumn.

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ListofSQLcommands|Codecademy

BETWEEN
SELECTcolumn_name(s)
FROMtable_name
WHEREcolumn_nameBETWEENvalue_1ANDvalue_2;
TheBETWEENoperatorisusedtofiltertheresultsetwithinacertainrange.Thevaluescanbenumbers,text
ordates.

COUNT
SELECTCOUNT(column_name)
FROMtable_name;
COUNT()isafunctionthattakesthenameofacolumnasanargumentandcountsthenumberofrows
wherethecolumnisnotNULL.

CREATETABLE
CREATETABLEtable_name(column_1datatype,column_2datatype,column_3datatype);
CREATETABLEcreatesanewtableinthedatabase.Itallowsyoutospecifythenameofthetableandthe
nameofeachcolumninthetable.

DELETE
DELETEFROMtable_nameWHEREsome_column=some_value;
DELETEstatementsareusedtoremoverowsfromatable.

GROUPBY
SELECTCOUNT(*)
FROMtable_name
GROUPBYcolumn_name;
GROUPBYisaclauseinSQLthatisonlyusedwithaggregatefunctions.Itisusedincollaborationwiththe
SELECTstatementtoarrangeidenticaldataintogroups.

INNERJOIN
SELECTcolumn_name(s)FROMtable_1
JOINtable_2
ONtable_1.column_name=table_2.column_name;
Aninnerjoinwillcombinerowsfromdifferenttablesifthejoinconditionistrue.
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INSERT
INSERTINTOtable_name(column_1,column_2,column_3)VALUES(value_1,'value_2',
value_3);
INSERTstatementsareusedtoaddanewrowtoatable.

LIKE
SELECTcolumn_name(s)
FROMtable_name
WHEREcolumn_nameLIKEpattern;
LIKEisaspecialoperatorusedwiththeWHEREclausetosearchforaspecificpatterninacolumn.

LIMIT
SELECTcolumn_name(s)
FROMtable_name
LIMITnumber;
LIMITisaclausethatletsyouspecifythemaximumnumberofrowstheresultsetwillhave.

MAX
SELECTMAX(column_name)
FROMtable_name;
MAX()isafunctionthattakesthenameofacolumnasanargumentandreturnsthelargestvalueinthat
column.

MIN
SELECTMIN(column_name)
FROMtable_name;
MIN()isafunctionthattakesthenameofacolumnasanargumentandreturnsthesmallestvalueinthat
column.

OR
SELECTcolumn_name
FROMtable_name
WHEREcolumn_name=value_1
ORcolumn_name=value_2;

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ORisanoperatorthatfilterstheresultsettoonlyincluderowswhereeitherconditionistrue.

ORDERBY
SELECTcolumn_name
FROMtable_name
ORDERBYcolumn_nameASC|DESC;
ORDERBYisaclausethatindicatesyouwanttosorttheresultsetbyaparticularcolumneither
alphabeticallyornumerically.

OUTERJOIN
SELECTcolumn_name(s)FROMtable_1
LEFTJOINtable_2
ONtable_1.column_name=table_2.column_name;
Anouterjoinwillcombinerowsfromdifferenttablesevenifthethejoinconditionisnotmet.Everyrowinthe
lefttableisreturnedintheresultset,andifthejoinconditionisnotmet,thenNULLvaluesareusedtofillin
thecolumnsfromtherighttable.

ROUND
SELECTROUND(column_name,integer)
FROMtable_name;
ROUND()isafunctionthattakesacolumnnameandanintegerasanargument.Itroundsthevaluesinthe
columntothenumberofdecimalplacesspecifiedbytheinteger.

SELECT
SELECTcolumn_nameFROMtable_name;
SELECTstatementsareusedtofetchdatafromadatabase.EveryquerywillbeginwithSELECT.

SELECTDISTINCT
SELECTDISTINCTcolumn_nameFROMtable_name;
SELECTDISTINCTspecifiesthatthestatementisgoingtobeaquerythatreturnsuniquevaluesinthe
specifiedcolumn(s).

SUM
SELECTSUM(column_name)
FROMtable_name;

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SUM()isafunctionthattakesthenameofacolumnasanargumentandreturnsthesumofallthevaluesin
thatcolumn.

UPDATE
UPDATEtable_name
SETsome_column=some_value
WHEREsome_column=some_value;
UPDATEstatmentsallowyoutoeditrowsinatable.

WHERE
SELECTcolumn_name(s)
FROMtable_name
WHEREcolumn_nameoperatorvalue;
WHEREisaclausethatindicatesyouwanttofiltertheresultsettoincludeonlyrowswherethefollowing
conditionistrue.

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