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    Receptors of Effectors

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    ChaGonzales
    Efferent receptors can be classified as either simple or compound. Simple receptors are unencapsulated free nerve endings that transduce various stimuli and include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors. Compound receptors are encapsulated tissue-associated nerve endings such as Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel cells, and proprioceptors. Proprioceptors provide information about joint position and muscle activity, with muscle spindles signaling muscle length and Golgi tendon organs signaling muscle tension.

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    Receptors of Effectors

    Uploaded by

    ChaGonzales
    35 views41 pages
    Efferent receptors can be classified as either simple or compound. Simple receptors are unencapsulated free nerve endings that transduce various stimuli and include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors. Compound receptors are encapsulated tissue-associated nerve endings such as Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel cells, and proprioceptors. Proprioceptors provide information about joint position and muscle activity, with muscle spindles signaling muscle length and Golgi tendon organs signaling muscle tension.

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    Receptors of Effectors

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    Efferent receptors can be classified as either simple or compound. Simple receptors are unencapsulated free nerve endings that transduce various stimuli and include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors. Compound receptors are encapsulated tissue-associated nerve endings such as Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel cells, and proprioceptors. Proprioceptors provide information about joint position and muscle activity, with muscle spindles signaling muscle length and Golgi tendon organs signaling muscle tension.

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    35 views41 pages

    Receptors of Effectors

    Uploaded by

    ChaGonzales
    Efferent receptors can be classified as either simple or compound. Simple receptors are unencapsulated free nerve endings that transduce various stimuli and include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors. Compound receptors are encapsulated tissue-associated nerve endings such as Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel cells, and proprioceptors. Proprioceptors provide information about joint position and muscle activity, with muscle spindles signaling muscle length and Golgi tendon organs signaling muscle tension.

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    of 41

    Receptors of Effectors

    Dr. Dennis Ivan Bravo

    What are efferent receptors?

    Nerve endings or specialized cells

    Tansduce external or internal stimuli into afferent


    nerve impulse

    Impulsed carried into CNS

    How are efferent receptors


    classified?

    Functional classification

    Exteroreceptors

    Propioreceptors

    Interoreceptors

    How are efferent receptors


    classified?

    Morphologic classification

    Simple- free, unbranched nerve endings

    Compound- receptors which involve organization


    of non-neuronal tissue

    General sensory receptors

    Simple: unencapsulated receptors: free nerve endings


    mechanoreceptors
    thermoreceptors
    nociceptors
    mixed-mode receptors

    Compound: encapsulated receptors: tissue-associated nerve


    endings
    Pacinian corpuscles
    Meissner's corpuscles
    Merkel cells
    proprioceptors

    Unencapsulated receptors: free nerve


    endings in skin, joints, viscera, oral cavity

    Mechanoreceptors: stretch,
    displacement, pressure

    Thermoreceptors: hot , cold

    Chemoreceptors: acids,
    bases, salts, organics

    Nociceptors: strong stimuli,


    could damage tissue (may be
    any modality)

    Mixed-mode receptors

    Unencapsulated receptors: free nerve


    endings in skin, joints, viscera, oral cavity

    Unencapsulated receptors: free nerve


    endings in skin, joints, viscera, oral cavity

    Unencapsulated receptors: free nerve


    endings in skin, joints, viscera, oral cavity

    Unencapsulated receptors: free nerve


    endings in skin, joints, viscera, oral cavity

    Unencapsulated receptors: free nerve


    endings in skin, joints, viscera, oral cavity

    General sensory receptors

    Simple: unencapsulated receptors: free nerve endings


    mechanoreceptors
    thermoreceptors
    nociceptors
    mixed-mode receptors

    Compound: encapsulated receptors: tissue-associated nerve


    endings
    Pacinian corpuscles
    Meissner's corpuscles
    Merkel cells
    proprioceptors

    Encapsulated receptors: tissueassociated nerve endings

    Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles


    in deep dermis, hypodermis,
    viscera, joint capsules: pressure

    Meissner's (tactile) corpuscles


    in dermal papillae near
    epidermis: light touch, vibration

    Merkel cells (tactile disks)


    in epidermis basal layer: fine
    touch

    Proprioceptors
    in joints, tendons, muscles:
    stretch, tension, joint angle

    Pacinian corpuscle

    Pacinian corpuscle

    Pacinian corpuscle

    Pacinian corpuscle

    Pacinian corpuscle

    Pacinian corpuscle

    Meissners corpuscle

    Meissners corpuscle

    Meissners corpuscle

    Meissners corpuscle

    Meissners corpuscle

    Meissners corpuscle

    Pacinian versus Meissners


    corpuscle

    Merkels cells/ Tactile disks

    Sensory receptor cells


    Epidermal cells localised in the basal layer of the epidermis
    and the epithelial sheath of hair follicles.
    Intimately associated with a nerve terminal (some are not).
    Most sensitive touch receptors
    For tactile two-point discrimination and for detection of
    shapes, curvature and textures.

    Merkels cells/ Tactile disks

    Merkels cells/ Tactile disks

    Merkels cells/ Tactile disks

    Sensory receptor cells


    Epidermal cells localised in the basal layer of the epidermis
    and the epithelial sheath of hair follicles.
    Intimately associated with a nerve terminal (some are not).
    Most sensitive touch receptors
    For tactile two-point discrimination and for detection of
    shapes, curvature and textures.

    Merkels cells/ Tactile disks

    Merkels cells/ Tactile disks

    Propioceptors

    Proprioception means "sense of self

    Sensors that provide information


    about joint angle, muscle length,
    and muscle tension

    Muscle spindle provides


    information about changes in
    muscle length

    Golgi tendon organ provides


    information about changes in
    muscle tension.

    Propioceptors

    Muscle spindle

    Enclosed within a capsule and found throughout


    body of a muscle

    In parallel with extrafusal fibers (typical muscle


    fibers).

    Specialized muscle fibers known as intrafusal fibers

    Intrafusal fibers have contractile proteins (thick and


    thin filaments) at either end

    Central region devoid of contractile proteins

    Central region is wrapped by the sensory dendrites

    Stretching opens mechanically-gated ion channels


    in sensory dendrites

    Muscle spindle

    Intrafusal fibers are innervated by gamma motor neuron (MN)- to maintain muscle spindle sensitivity,
    regardless of muscle length. When the extrafusal fibers have been stimulated to contract by alpha MN
    activation, the gamma MN is simultaneously excited. This is known as alpha-gamma coactivation.

    Muscle spindle

    Golgi tendon organ

    In series with muscle fibers, located


    in the tendons

    Sensory dendrites are interwoven


    with collagen fibrils in the tendon

    When collagen fibrils are pulled


    tight, and this activates the Golgi
    tendon organ afferent

    Golgi tendon organ

    Muscle spindle versus Golgi


    tendon organ

    Summary
    SIMPLE
    Unencapsulated
    free nerve
    endings

    Mechanoreceptors

    Thermoreceptors

    Nocireceptors

    Compound

    Pacinian

    Pressure

    Meissners

    Light touch

    Merkels

    Propioceptors

    Fine touch

    Muscle spindlemuscle length


    Golgi tendonmuscle tension

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