Cumulative Normal Probability Tables (Z-Values)

Z
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0

0.00
0.50000
0.53983
0.57926
0.61791
0.65542
0.69146
0.72575
0.75804
0.78814
0.81594
0.84134
0.86433
0.88493
0.90320
0.91924
0.93319
0.94520
0.95543
0.96407
0.97128
0.97725
0.98214
0.98610
0.98928
0.99180
0.99379
0.99534
0.99653
0.99744
0.99813
0.99865
0.99903
0.99931
0.99952
0.99966
0.99977
0.99984
0.99989
0.99993
0.99995
0.99997

0.01
0.50399
0.54380
0.58317
0.62172
0.65910
0.69497
0.72907
0.76115
0.79103
0.81859
0.84375
0.86650
0.88686
0.90490
0.92073
0.93448
0.94630
0.95637
0.96485
0.97193
0.97778
0.98257
0.98645
0.98956
0.99202
0.99396
0.99547
0.99664
0.99752
0.99819
0.99869
0.99906
0.99934
0.99953
0.99968
0.99978
0.99985
0.99990
0.99993
0.99995
0.99997

0.02
0.50798
0.54776
0.58706
0.62552
0.66276
0.69847
0.73237
0.76424
0.79389
0.82121
0.84614
0.86864
0.88877
0.90658
0.92220
0.93574
0.94738
0.95728
0.96562
0.97257
0.97831
0.98300
0.98679
0.98983
0.99224
0.99413
0.99560
0.99674
0.99760
0.99825
0.99874
0.99910
0.99936
0.99955
0.99969
0.99978
0.99985
0.99990
0.99993
0.99996
0.99997

0.03
0.51197
0.55172
0.59095
0.62930
0.66640
0.70194
0.73565
0.76730
0.79673
0.82381
0.84849
0.87076
0.89065
0.90824
0.92364
0.93699
0.94845
0.95818
0.96638
0.97320
0.97882
0.98341
0.98713
0.99010
0.99245
0.99430
0.99573
0.99683
0.99767
0.99831
0.99878
0.99913
0.99938
0.99957
0.99970
0.99979
0.99986
0.99990
0.99994
0.99996
0.99997

0.04
0.51595
0.55567
0.59483
0.63307
0.67003
0.70540
0.73891
0.77035
0.79955
0.82639
0.85083
0.87286
0.89251
0.90988
0.92507
0.93822
0.94950
0.95907
0.96712
0.97381
0.97932
0.98382
0.98745
0.99036
0.99266
0.99446
0.99585
0.99693
0.99774
0.99836
0.99882
0.99916
0.99940
0.99958
0.99971
0.99980
0.99986
0.99991
0.99994
0.99996
0.99997

0.05
0.51994
0.55962
0.59871
0.63683
0.67364
0.70884
0.74215
0.77337
0.80234
0.82894
0.85314
0.87493
0.89435
0.91149
0.92647
0.93943
0.95053
0.95994
0.96784
0.97441
0.97982
0.98422
0.98778
0.99061
0.99286
0.99461
0.99598
0.99702
0.99781
0.99841
0.99886
0.99918
0.99942
0.99960
0.99972
0.99981
0.99987
0.99991
0.99994
0.99996
0.99997

0.06
0.52392
0.56356
0.60257
0.64058
0.67724
0.71226
0.74537
0.77637
0.80511
0.83147
0.85543
0.87698
0.89617
0.91308
0.92785
0.94062
0.95154
0.96080
0.96856
0.97500
0.98030
0.98461
0.98809
0.99086
0.99305
0.99477
0.99609
0.99711
0.99788
0.99846
0.99889
0.99921
0.99944
0.99961
0.99973
0.99981
0.99987
0.99992
0.99994
0.99996
0.99998

0.07
0.52790
0.56749
0.60642
0.64431
0.68082
0.71566
0.74857
0.77935
0.80785
0.83398
0.85769
0.87900
0.89796
0.91466
0.92922
0.94179
0.95254
0.96164
0.96926
0.97558
0.98077
0.98500
0.98840
0.99111
0.99324
0.99492
0.99621
0.99720
0.99795
0.99851
0.99893
0.99924
0.99946
0.99962
0.99974
0.99982
0.99988
0.99992
0.99995
0.99996
0.99998

0.08
0.53188
0.57142
0.61026
0.64803
0.68439
0.71904
0.75175
0.78230
0.81057
0.83646
0.85993
0.88100
0.89973
0.91621
0.93056
0.94295
0.95352
0.96246
0.96995
0.97615
0.98124
0.98537
0.98870
0.99134
0.99343
0.99506
0.99632
0.99728
0.99801
0.99856
0.99896
0.99926
0.99948
0.99964
0.99975
0.99983
0.99988
0.99992
0.99995
0.99997
0.99998

0.09
0.53586
0.57535
0.61409
0.65173
0.68793
0.72240
0.75490
0.78524
0.81327
0.83891
0.86214
0.88298
0.90147
0.91774
0.93189
0.94408
0.95449
0.96327
0.97062
0.97670
0.98169
0.98574
0.98899
0.99158
0.99361
0.99520
0.99643
0.99736
0.99807
0.99861
0.99900
0.99929
0.99950
0.99965
0.99976
0.99983
0.99989
0.99992
0.99995
0.99997
0.99998

Cumulative Normal Probability Tables (Z-Values)

Z
-4.0
-3.9
-3.8
-3.7
-3.6
-3.5
-3.4
-3.3
-3.2
-3.1
-3.0
-2.9
-2.8
-2.7
-2.6
-2.5
-2.4
-2.3
-2.2
-2.1
-2.0
-1.9
-1.8
-1.7
-1.6
-1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1.0
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0

0.09
0.00002
0.00003
0.00005
0.00008
0.00011
0.00017
0.00024
0.00035
0.00050
0.00071
0.00100
0.00139
0.00193
0.00264
0.00357
0.00480
0.00639
0.00842
0.01101
0.01426
0.01831
0.02330
0.02938
0.03673
0.04551
0.05592
0.06811
0.08226
0.09853
0.11702
0.13786
0.16109
0.18673
0.21476
0.24510
0.27760
0.31207
0.34827
0.38591
0.42465
0.46414

0.08
0.00002
0.00003
0.00005
0.00008
0.00012
0.00017
0.00025
0.00036
0.00052
0.00074
0.00104
0.00144
0.00199
0.00272
0.00368
0.00494
0.00657
0.00866
0.01130
0.01463
0.01876
0.02385
0.03005
0.03754
0.04648
0.05705
0.06944
0.08379
0.10027
0.11900
0.14007
0.16354
0.18943
0.21770
0.24825
0.28096
0.31561
0.35197
0.38974
0.42858
0.46812

0.07
0.00002
0.00004
0.00005
0.00008
0.00012
0.00018
0.00026
0.00038
0.00054
0.00076
0.00107
0.00149
0.00205
0.00280
0.00379
0.00508
0.00676
0.00889
0.01160
0.01500
0.01923
0.02442
0.03074
0.03836
0.04746
0.05821
0.07078
0.08534
0.10204
0.12100
0.14231
0.16602
0.19215
0.22065
0.25143
0.28434
0.31918
0.35569
0.39358
0.43251
0.47210

0.06
0.00002
0.00004
0.00006
0.00008
0.00013
0.00019
0.00027
0.00039
0.00056
0.00079
0.00111
0.00154
0.00212
0.00289
0.00391
0.00523
0.00695
0.00914
0.01191
0.01539
0.01970
0.02500
0.03144
0.03920
0.04846
0.05938
0.07215
0.08692
0.10383
0.12302
0.14457
0.16853
0.19489
0.22363
0.25463
0.28774
0.32276
0.35942
0.39743
0.43644
0.47608

0.05
0.00003
0.00004
0.00006
0.00009
0.00013
0.00019
0.00028
0.00040
0.00058
0.00082
0.00114
0.00159
0.00219
0.00298
0.00402
0.00539
0.00714
0.00939
0.01222
0.01578
0.02018
0.02559
0.03216
0.04006
0.04947
0.06057
0.07353
0.08851
0.10565
0.12507
0.14686
0.17106
0.19766
0.22663
0.25785
0.29116
0.32636
0.36317
0.40129
0.44038
0.48006

0.04
0.00003
0.00004
0.00006
0.00009
0.00014
0.00020
0.00029
0.00042
0.00060
0.00084
0.00118
0.00164
0.00226
0.00307
0.00415
0.00554
0.00734
0.00964
0.01255
0.01618
0.02068
0.02619
0.03288
0.04093
0.05050
0.06178
0.07493
0.09012
0.10749
0.12714
0.14917
0.17361
0.20045
0.22965
0.26109
0.29460
0.32997
0.36693
0.40517
0.44433
0.48405

0.03
0.00003
0.00004
0.00006
0.00010
0.00014
0.00021
0.00030
0.00043
0.00062
0.00087
0.00122
0.00169
0.00233
0.00317
0.00427
0.00570
0.00755
0.00990
0.01287
0.01659
0.02118
0.02680
0.03362
0.04182
0.05155
0.06301
0.07636
0.09176
0.10935
0.12924
0.15151
0.17619
0.20327
0.23270
0.26435
0.29806
0.33360
0.37070
0.40905
0.44828
0.48803

0.02
0.00003
0.00004
0.00007
0.00010
0.00015
0.00022
0.00031
0.00045
0.00064
0.00090
0.00126
0.00175
0.00240
0.00326
0.00440
0.00587
0.00776
0.01017
0.01321
0.01700
0.02169
0.02743
0.03438
0.04272
0.05262
0.06426
0.07780
0.09342
0.11123
0.13136
0.15386
0.17879
0.20611
0.23576
0.26763
0.30153
0.33724
0.37448
0.41294
0.45224
0.49202

0.01
0.00003
0.00005
0.00007
0.00010
0.00015
0.00022
0.00032
0.00047
0.00066
0.00094
0.00131
0.00181
0.00248
0.00336
0.00453
0.00604
0.00798
0.01044
0.01355
0.01743
0.02222
0.02807
0.03515
0.04363
0.05370
0.06552
0.07927
0.09510
0.11314
0.13350
0.15625
0.18141
0.20897
0.23885
0.27093
0.30503
0.34090
0.37828
0.41683
0.45620
0.49601

0.00
0.00003
0.00005
0.00007
0.00011
0.00016
0.00023
0.00034
0.00048
0.00069
0.00097
0.00135
0.00187
0.00256
0.00347
0.00466
0.00621
0.00820
0.01072
0.01390
0.01786
0.02275
0.02872
0.03593
0.04457
0.05480
0.06681
0.08076
0.09680
0.11507
0.13567
0.15866
0.18406
0.21186
0.24196
0.27425
0.30854
0.34458
0.38209
0.42074
0.46017
0.50000

Table 1. Standard normal density function

x
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.0 0.3989 0.3989 0.3989 0.3988
0.1 0.3970 0.3965 0.3961 0.3956
0.2 0.3910 0.3902 0.3894 0.3885
0.3 0.3814 0.3802 0.3790 0.3778
0.4 0.3683 0.3668 0.3653 0.3637
0.5 0.3521 0.3503 0.3485 0.3467
0.6 0.3332 0.3312 0.3292 0.3271
0.7 0.3123 0.3101 0.3079 0.3056
0.8 0.2897 0.2874 0.2850 0.2827
0.9 0.2661 0.2637 0.2613 0.2589
1.0 0.2420 0.2396 0.2371 0.2347
1.1 0.2179 0.2155 0.2131 0.2107
1.2 0.1942 0.1919 0.1895 0.1872
1.3 0.1714 0.1691 0.1669 0.1647
1.4 0.1497 0.1476 0.1456 0.1435
1.5 0.1295 0.1276 0.1257 0.1238
1.6 0.1109 0.1092 0.1074 0.1057
1.7 0.0940 0.0925 0.0909 0.0893
1.8 0.0790 0.0775 0.0761 0.0748
1.9 0.0656 0.0644 0.0632 0.0620
2.0 0.0540 0.0529 0.0519 0.0508
2.1 0.0440 0.0431 0.0422 0.0413
2.2 0.0355 0.0347 0.0339 0.0332
2.3 0.0283 0.0277 0.0270 0.0264
2.4 0.0224 0.0219 0.0213 0.0208
2.5 0.0175 0.0171 0.0167 0.0163
2.6 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0126
2.7 0.0104 0.0101 0.0099 0.0096
2.8 0.0079 0.0077 0.0075 0.0073
2.9 0.0060 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055
3.0 0.0044 0.0043 0.0042 0.0040
3.1 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030
3.2 0.0024 0.0023 0.0022 0.0022
3.3 0.0017 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016
3.4 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011
3.5 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008
3.6 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005
3.7 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
3.8 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
3.9 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
4.0 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

0.04
0.3986
0.3951
0.3876
0.3765
0.3621
0.3448
0.3251
0.3034
0.2803
0.2565
0.2323
0.2083
0.1849
0.1626
0.1415
0.1219
0.1040
0.0878
0.0734
0.0608
0.0498
0.0404
0.0325
0.0258
0.0203
0.0158
0.0122
0.0093
0.0071
0.0053
0.0039
0.0029
0.0021
0.0015
0.0011
0.0008
0.0005
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001

248

0.05
0.3984
0.3945
0.3867
0.3752
0.3605
0.3429
0.3230
0.3011
0.2780
0.2541
0.2299
0.2059
0.1826
0.1604
0.1394
0.1200
0.1023
0.0863
0.0721
0.0596
0.0488
0.0396
0.0317
0.0252
0.0198
0.0154
0.0119
0.0091
0.0069
0.0051
0.0038
0.0028
0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
0.0007
0.0005
0.0004
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001

0.06
0.3982
0.3939
0.3857
0.3739
0.3589
0.3410
0.3209
0.2989
0.2756
0.2516
0.2275
0.2036
0.1804
0.1582
0.1374
0.1182
0.1006
0.0848
0.0707
0.0584
0.0478
0.0387
0.0310
0.0246
0.0194
0.0151
0.0116
0.0088
0.0067
0.0050
0.0037
0.0027
0.0020
0.0014
0.0010
0.0007
0.0005
0.0003
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001

0.07
0.3980
0.3932
0.3847
0.3725
0.3572
0.3391
0.3187
0.2966
0.2732
0.2492
0.2251
0.2012
0.1781
0.1561
0.1354
0.1163
0.0989
0.0833
0.0694
0.0573
0.0468
0.0379
0.0303
0.0241
0.0189
0.0147
0.0113
0.0086
0.0065
0.0048
0.0036
0.0026
0.0019
0.0014
0.0010
0.0007
0.0005
0.0003
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001

0.08
0.3977
0.3925
0.3836
0.3712
0.3555
0.3372
0.3166
0.2943
0.2709
0.2468
0.2227
0.1989
0.1758
0.1539
0.1334
0.1145
0.0973
0.0818
0.0681
0.0562
0.0459
0.0371
0.0297
0.0235
0.0184
0.0143
0.0110
0.0084
0.0063
0.0047
0.0035
0.0025
0.0018
0.0013
0.0009
0.0007
0.0005
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001

0.09
0.3973
0.3918
0.3825
0.3697
0.3538
0.3352
0.3144
0.2920
0.2685
0.2444
0.2203
0.1965
0.1736
0.1518
0.1315
0.1127
0.0957
0.0804
0.0669
0.0551
0.0449
0.0363
0.0290
0.0229
0.0180
0.0139
0.0107
0.0081
0.0061
0.0046
0.0034
0.0025
0.0018
0.0013
0.0009
0.0006
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001

Z-Chart & Loss Function

F(Z) is the probability that a variable from a standard normal distribution will be less than or equal to Z, or
alternately, the service level for a quantity ordered with a z-value of Z.
L(Z) is the standard loss function, i.e. the expected number of lost sales as a fraction of the standard
deviation. Hence, the lost sales = L(Z) x DEMAND

F(Z)

L(Z)

F(Z)

L(Z)

F(Z)

L(Z)

F(Z)

L(Z)

-3.00
-2.96
-2.92
-2.88
-2.84
-2.80
-2.76
-2.72
-2.68
-2.64
-2.60
-2.56
-2.52
-2.48
-2.44
-2.40
-2.36
-2.32
-2.28
-2.24
-2.20
-2.16
-2.12
-2.08
-2.04
-2.00
-1.96
-1.92
-1.88
-1.84
-1.80
-1.76
-1.72
-1.68
-1.64
-1.60
-1.56
-1.52

0.0013
0.0015
0.0018
0.0020
0.0023
0.0026
0.0029
0.0033
0.0037
0.0041
0.0047
0.0052
0.0059
0.0066
0.0073
0.0082
0.0091
0.0102
0.0113
0.0125
0.0139
0.0154
0.0170
0.0188
0.0207
0.0228
0.0250
0.0274
0.0301
0.0329
0.0359
0.0392
0.0427
0.0465
0.0505
0.0548
0.0594
0.0643

3.000
2.960
2.921
2.881
2.841
2.801
2.761
2.721
2.681
2.641
2.601
2.562
2.522
2.482
2.442
2.403
2.363
2.323
2.284
2.244
2.205
2.165
2.126
2.087
2.048
2.008
1.969
1.930
1.892
1.853
1.814
1.776
1.737
1.699
1.661
1.623
1.586
1.548

-1.48
-1.44
-1.40
-1.36
-1.32
-1.28
-1.24
-1.20
-1.16
-1.12
-1.08
-1.04
-1.00
-0.96
-0.92
-0.88
-0.84
-0.80
-0.76
-0.72
-0.68
-0.64
-0.60
-0.56
-0.52
-0.48
-0.44
-0.40
-0.36
-0.32
-0.28
-0.24
-0.20
-0.16
-0.12
-0.08
-0.04
0.00

0.0694
0.0749
0.0808
0.0869
0.0934
0.1003
0.1075
0.1151
0.1230
0.1314
0.1401
0.1492
0.1587
0.1685
0.1788
0.1894
0.2005
0.2119
0.2236
0.2358
0.2483
0.2611
0.2743
0.2877
0.3015
0.3156
0.3300
0.3446
0.3594
0.3745
0.3897
0.4052
0.4207
0.4364
0.4522
0.4681
0.4840
0.5000

1.511
1.474
1.437
1.400
1.364
1.327
1.292
1.256
1.221
1.186
1.151
1.117
1.083
1.050
1.017
0.984
0.952
0.920
0.889
0.858
0.828
0.798
0.769
0.740
0.712
0.684
0.657
0.630
0.605
0.579
0.554
0.530
0.507
0.484
0.462
0.440
0.419
0.399

0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.48
0.52
0.56
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.72
0.76
0.80
0.84
0.88
0.92
0.96
1.00
1.04
1.08
1.12
1.16
1.20
1.24
1.28
1.32
1.36
1.40
1.44
1.48
1.52

0.5160
0.5319
0.5478
0.5636
0.5793
0.5948
0.6103
0.6255
0.6406
0.6554
0.6700
0.6844
0.6985
0.7123
0.7257
0.7389
0.7517
0.7642
0.7764
0.7881
0.7995
0.8106
0.8212
0.8315
0.8413
0.8508
0.8599
0.8686
0.8770
0.8849
0.8925
0.8997
0.9066
0.9131
0.9192
0.9251
0.9306
0.9357

0.379
0.360
0.342
0.324
0.307
0.290
0.274
0.259
0.245
0.230
0.217
0.204
0.192
0.180
0.169
0.158
0.148
0.138
0.129
0.120
0.112
0.104
0.097
0.090
0.083
0.077
0.071
0.066
0.061
0.056
0.052
0.047
0.044
0.040
0.037
0.034
0.031
0.028

1.56
1.60
1.64
1.68
1.72
1.76
1.80
1.84
1.88
1.92
1.96
2.00
2.04
2.08
2.12
2.16
2.20
2.24
2.28
2.32
2.36
2.40
2.44
2.48
2.52
2.56
2.60
2.64
2.68
2.72
2.76
2.80
2.84
2.88
2.92
2.96
3.00

0.9406
0.9452
0.9495
0.9535
0.9573
0.9608
0.9641
0.9671
0.9699
0.9726
0.9750
0.9772
0.9793
0.9812
0.9830
0.9846
0.9861
0.9875
0.9887
0.9898
0.9909
0.9918
0.9927
0.9934
0.9941
0.9948
0.9953
0.9959
0.9963
0.9967
0.9971
0.9974
0.9977
0.9980
0.9982
0.9985
0.9987

0.026
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.017
0.016
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000

Z & L(z) for special service levels

Service Level F(z)
75%
90%
95%
99%

F(Z) =
Service Level

0
Z

z-scale

z
0.67
1.28
1.64
2.33

L(z)
0.150
0.047
0.021
0.003