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Lecture 1: Principles of Mass Transfer (Chap 6) Outcomes: 1. Understand Heat/mass Transfer Analogies 2. Understand and Able To Apply Fick's Law

This lecture introduces principles of mass transfer and Fick's law of diffusion. It discusses how mass, heat and momentum transfer processes are analogous. Mass transfer is defined as the transport of a constituent from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. Fick's first law defines the rate of molecular diffusion as proportional to the concentration gradient and diffusion coefficient. Examples of mass transfer processes and the convective mass transfer coefficient are also introduced.

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66 views9 pages

Lecture 1: Principles of Mass Transfer (Chap 6) Outcomes: 1. Understand Heat/mass Transfer Analogies 2. Understand and Able To Apply Fick's Law

This lecture introduces principles of mass transfer and Fick's law of diffusion. It discusses how mass, heat and momentum transfer processes are analogous. Mass transfer is defined as the transport of a constituent from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. Fick's first law defines the rate of molecular diffusion as proportional to the concentration gradient and diffusion coefficient. Examples of mass transfer processes and the convective mass transfer coefficient are also introduced.

Uploaded by

Debrah Debbie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 1: Principles of Mass Transfer

(chap 6)
Outcomes:
1. Understand heat/mass transfer analogies
2. Understand and able to apply Ficks law

Similarity of Mass, Heat and Momentum


Transfer
Most separation processes can be classified
into 3 fundamental transfer processes:
momentum, heat and mass transfer.

Mass transfer The transport of one


constituent from a region of higher
concentration to that of a lower concentration
(in some cases, can also be due to pressure
gradient, temperature gradient, external force
etc).

CONT
When mass is transferred from one phase to
another, or through a single phase, the basic
mechanisms are the same, as in heat transfer.

General molecular transport equation


Rate of transfer process =

Examples of Mass Transfer Processes


Evaporation of water in an open pail into still
air
Sugar dissolves in a cup of coffee
Absorption and desorption
Solvent extraction
Humidification & Drying
Distillation column
Oxygenation of blood

Ficks Law for Molecular Diffusion


Molecular diffusion is defined as the transfer
or movement of individual molecules through
a fluid by means of the random, individual
movements of the molecules.
B

(1)
A

B
B

B
B

(2)
A

CONT
Molecule A takes a random path in diffusing
through B molecules from point (1) to (2).
If there are more A molecules near point (1)
than at (2), then since molecules diffuse
randomly in both directions, more A
molecules will diffuse from (1) to (2) than
from (2) to (1).
The net diffusion of A is from high- to low
concentration regions.

Ficks First Law


Defines the diffusion of component A in an
isothermal and isobaric system
For diffusion in only the z direction, Ficks rate
equation is J Az* DAB dc A
dz

*
J Az
Flux of A in z direction (kgmol A)/sm2
DAB Molecular diffusivity of the molecule A in B

(m2/s)

cA
z

Concentration of A in in kgmol A/m3


Distance of transport or diffusion (m)

Example 1
A mixture of He and N2 is contained in a pipe
at 298 K and 1atm total pressure which is
constant throughout. At one end of the pipe
at point 1 the partial pressure pA1 of He is 0.60
atm and at the other end 0.2 m pA2 = 0.20
atm. Calculate the flux of He at steady state if
DAB of the He-N2 mixture is 0.687 x 10-4 m2/s.
(use SI units)

Convective Mass-Transfer Coefficient


Consider a fluid flowing outside a solid surface in
forced convection motion
The rate of convective mass transfer NA, from the
surface to the fluid, or vice versa can be described by
the following equation:
N A Kc cL1 cLi

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