COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF

DISEASES (PATHOGNOMONIC
SIGN)DISEASE PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN
CYSTITIS
Burning on urination
HYPOCALCEMIA
Chvostek & Trosseaus sign
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Recurrent bloody diarrhea
LYMES
DSE
Bulls eye rash
GLAUCOMA
Painfull vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision
(PeripheralVision Loss)
CATARACT
Painless vision loss, Opacity of the lens, blurring of vision
RETINO BLASTOMA
Cats eye reflex (grayish discoloration of pupils)
ACROMEGALY
Coarse facial feature
DUCHENNES MUSCULAR
DYSTROPHY
Gowers sign
GERD
Barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion
of theesophageal mucosa)

HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Flapping hand tremors
HYDROCEPHALUS
Bossing sign (prominent forehead)
INCREASE ICP
Cushings Triad (HYPERBRADYBRADY)
HYPERtension BRADYpnea BRADYcardia
SHOCK
(HYPOTACHYTACHY) HYPOtension TACHYpnea
TACHYcardia
MENIERES
DSE
Vertigo, Tinnitus
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Descending muscle weakness
GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME
Ascending muscle weakness
DVT
Homans Sign
CHICKEN POX
Vesicular Rash
ANGINA
Crushing stubbing pain relieved by NTG
CROUP
Inspiratory stridor
EPIGLOTITIS

3Ds Drooling,
Dysphonia, Dysphagia
HODGEKINS
DSE/LYMPHOMA
Reedstenberg Cells
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Hallmark: sore throat, cervical lymph adenopathy, fever
PARKINSONS
DISEASE
Pill-rolling tremors
FIBRIN HYALIN
Expiratory Grunt
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Salty skin
DIABETES MELLITUS
Polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)
Kussmauls breathing
BLADDER CANCER
Painless hematuria
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
Reduced size & force of urine
RETINAL DETACHMENT
Visual Floaters, flashes of light, curtain veil like vision
TUBERCULOSIS
Low-grade afternoon fever
PNEUMONIA
Rusty sputum
ASTHMA

Wheezing on expiration
EMPHYSEMA
Barrel chest
KAWASAKI SYNDROME
Strawberry tongue
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Red beefy tongue
DOWN SYNDROME
Protruding tongue
CHOLERA
Rice watery stool
MALARIA
Stepladder like fever with chills
TYPHOID
Rose spots in abdomen
DIPTHERIA
Pseudomembrane
MEASLES
K
opliks spots
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Butterfly rashes
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Spider like varices
LEPROSY
Lioning face
BULIMIA NERVOSA
Chipmunk face

APPENDICITIS
Rebound tenderness
DENGUE
Petechiae
or (+) Hermans sign
MENINGITIS
Kernigs sign (leg flex then leg pain on
extension), Brudzinski sign (neck flex = lower leg flex)
TETANY
Hypocalcemia
(+) Trousseaus
sign/carpopedal spasm; Chvostek sign (facial spasm)
TETANUS
Risus sardonicus
PANCREATITIS
Cullens sign (ecchymosis
of umbilicus); (+) Grey turners spots
PYLORIC STENOSIS
Olive like mass
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Machine like murmur
ADDISONS DISEASE
Bronze like skin pigmentation
CUSHINGS SYNDROME
Moon face appearance and buffalo hump
HYPERTHYROIDISM/GRAVES DISEASE
Exopthalmus
INTUSSUSCEPTION

Sausage shaped mass, Dance Sign

EMILIO
AGUINAL
DO
COLLEG
E

CAVITESc
hool of
Nursing
and
Midwifery
Fritz Ian Estrella
Floresca, BSN, RN

ATHOGN
OMONICS
IGNSOFD
ISEASES
Pathognomon
ic

is a term, often
used in medicine
that means
characteristic for a
particular diseasethe word
pathognomonic
comes from the
Greek
pathognomonikos

 meaning skilled
in
judgingdiseases

Pathognomon
ic Signs
are particular sign
whose presence
means that a
particular disease

is present beyond
anydoubt

Diseases
Signs

Abdominal
Aortic
Aneurysm
Pulsating
abdominal mass

Abruption
Placenta
Painful bleeding,
board-like
abdomen

Acute Myeloid
Leukemia
Auer rod

Acute Renal
Failure

Azotemia, uremic
frost on skin

Addison's
disease
Bronze-like skin
pigmentation

Amoebiasis
Mucoid, foul
explosive blood
tinged stool

Angina pectoris
Levine's sign
(hand clutching of
chest)

Appendicitis
Rebound
tenderness
(McBurneys
point)Rovsing
Sign (Right Left

Quadrant pain
withpalpation in
Left lower
quadrant)

Arthritis
Buotonniere
deformity, swan
neck deformity,
ulnar drift,
Bouchards nodes

Ascariasis
Vomiting, passing
out of worms

Asthma
Wheezing on
expirations

Atrial Septal
Defect
Murmur heard
high on chest

Autism
Rocking, spinning,
routines

Bacterial
Vaginosis
Grayish, white
discharge,
malodorous

Basilar Fracture
Raccoons eye

Breech Birth
Meconium
staining

Buergers
Disease
(Thromboangiti
sObliterans)
Intermittent
claudication

Bulimia
Nervosa
Chipmunk facies
(parotid gland
swelling)

Candidiasis
Cheeselike
discharge

Carbon
monoxide
poisoning
Cherry pink
flushed face,
carbon in the
secretions,non
productive cough

Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome

Jack Hammer
Syndrome (Tinels
sign)

Cataract
Blurry vision/hazy
vision, cloudy
vision

Celiac Disease

Gluten sensitivity,
watery, pale foulsmelling stool

Chicken Pox
Vesiculopapular
rash

Cholecystitis
Murphy's sign
(pain on deep
inspiration

wheninflamed
gallbladder is
palpated)

Cholera
Rice-watery
stoolWashers
woman hands

Chronic
hemorrhagic
pancreatitis

Grey-Turner's sign
(ecchymosis in
flank area)

Cushings
Syndrome
Moon faceBuffalo
Hump

CVA
Homonymous
Hemianopsia

Cystocele and
Rectocele
Feeling of fullness
at vagina

Cytomegaloviru
s infection
Owls eye
appearance of
inclusion bodies

Diseases
Signs

Dengue
Hermans sign

Detached
Retina
Flashes of light,
shadow with
curtain
across thevision

Diabetes
Ketoacidosis
Acetone breath

Diabetes
Mellitus
3Ps (polydipsia,
polyphagia,
polyuria)

Diphtheria

Pseudomembrane
on tonsils,
pharynx and
nasalcavity

Down
Syndrome
Protruding tongue,
saddle nose,
brushfields

spots,single
crease on palm

Duchenne's
Muscular
Dystrophy
Gowers' sign

Emphysema
Barrel chest

Encephalitis

Decorticate and
decerebate rigidity

Enterobiasis
Nocturnal
itchiness

Failure to
Thrive (FTT)
Radar gaze

GERD

Barret esophagus,
heartburn

Glaucoma
Tunnel vision

Gonorrhea
Burning sensation
upon urination

Gouty Arthritis

Formation of tophi
at the earlobe
usually the big toe

Guillain-Barre
Ascending
paralysis

Hemophilia
Hemarthoses

HenochSchnlein
purpura
A tetrade of rash,
arthralgia,
abdominal pain
andkidney
disease in a child

Hepatic
Disease

Asterixis, jaundice

Herpes Zoster
Regional painful
rash

Hirschprungs
disease
(Megacolon)
Ribbon-like, foul
smelling stool

H-mole

Grapelike growth,
large abdomen

Hodgkins
Lymphoma
Hodgkin and
Reed-Sternburg
cells (giant monoand
multinucleated
cells)

Hyperthyroidis
m
Exophthalmos

Hypocalcemia
Trousseau sign
and Chvostek sign

Increased IOP
Dolls eye

Intestinal
Obstruction

No passage of
meconium

Intussusceptio
ns
Sausage shaped
mass, dance sign,
currant jelly-like
stool

Irritable Bowel
Syndrome

Typical triad:
abdominal pain
with tenderness
onpalpation,
altered bowel
habits, absence
of detectable
disease

Kawasaki
Disease

Strawberry tongue

Kleibsiella
Pneumonia
Red gelatinous
sputum

Klinefelters
Syndrome
XXY in males

Leprosy

Leonine facies
(thickened lionlike facial
skin)Nerve
involvement with
acid fast bacilli

Leptospirosis
Orange eyes

Liver cirrhosis
Spider angioma

Lymes disease
Bull eyes rash

Malaria
Cycle of hot stage
(high fever)
followed
bydiaphoretic
stage (sweating)
and then

cold stage(chilling
)

Measles
Koplik's spots

Menieres
disease
Vertigo

Meningitis
Kernig's sign and
Brudzinski's sign

Meningococce
mia
Purple petechiae

Monillasis
White cheesy
discharge

Diseases
Signs

Multiple
Sclerosis
Descending
weakness,
Charcots
sign (intentiontrem
or, nystagmus,
scanning speech)

Mumps

Swollen parotid
gland

Myasthenia
Gravis (MG)
Ptosis (inability to
open upper
eyelids),
nasal smile

Myocardial
Infarction

Levines sign

Neurofibromat
osis
Plexiform
neurofibroma

Oral Thrush
White patches on
tongue

Osteoporosis
Kyphosis

Pancreatitis
Cullen's sign
(bluish
discoloration of
umbilicus)

Parkinsons
disease
Pill-rolling tremors

Patent ductus
arteriosus

Machine-like
murmur

Pericarditis
Pericardial friction
rub

Pernicious
anemia
Red beefy tongue

Pertusis

Paroxysmal cough
ending with a
whoop

Pertusis
Violent cough
without
intervening inhalat
ionfollowed by an
inspiratory whoop

Phemphigus
Vulgaris
Nikolsky sign

Phenylketonuri
a
Blue eyes

Placenta previa
Painless bright
red bleeding

Pleural
effusion
Stony dull
percussion

Pneumonia
Rusty colored
sputum

Poliomyelitis
Pokers sign,
Haynes sign

Rabies
Hydrophobia/phot
ophobia

Retinoblastoma
Cats eye reflex

Rheumatic
fever
Aschoff nodules

Rock Mountain
Spotted Fever

Rose colored
macules

Scabies
Weeping itch

Scarlet fever
Raspberry tongue

Sickle cell
anemia

Painful episodes
or vaso-occlusive
crisis

Systemic
Lupus
Erythematosus
Butterfly rash

Tetanus
Risus sardonicus,
lockjaw

Tracheoesopha
geal fistula
3cs= coughing,
choking, cyanosis

Trichominiasis
Malodorous, thin
yellow discharge

Turners
Syndrome

Karyotype in
females, webbed
neck,
gonadaldysgenesi
s

Typhoid fever
Rose spots in
abdomen

Whipples
disease

Oculo-masticatory
myorhythmia

Pathogno
monic
signs of
Communi

cable
Diseases
1.
COPDBarr
elChested2.

Pneumonia
-Greenish
Rusty
Sputum3.
Pernicious
Anemia

-Beefy Red
Tongue
(Schillings Test)

4.
Kawasaki
DseStrawb
erry

Tongue5.
Malaria Stepladder
Fever 6. Ty
phoid Rose

Spot7 .
T e t a n
y Chvostek
Sign
(Muscle Twitching
Face)

-Trosseaus
Sign
(Jerky Movements)

8.
Pancreatiti
s -Cullens
Sign

(Bluish discoloration
periumbilical area)

9. Appe
ndicitisMcBurney
s Point
(rebound
tenderness)

-Rovsing
Sign
(RLQ pain w/
palpation in LLQ)

-Psoas
Sign

(pain on lying down

10. Thro
mbophleb
itis Homans
Sign1 1 .

H e p a t
i t i s Icteric
Sclerae
(yellowish
discoloration of
sclera)

1 2 . M e
n i n g i t i
s Burdzinski
s Sign
(Pain on nape)

-Kernigs
Sign
(pain on leg/ knee
area)

13. Pyloric
Stenosis
-Olive-

Shaped
Mass14.
Hyperthyroi
dism
-Exopthalm
os15.

Addisons
Dse.
-Bronzelike skin16.
Cushing
Syndrome-

Buffalo
Hump17. C
holera Rice
Watery
Stool1 8

.
S L
E Butterfly
Rashes1 9
. Lepr
osy-

Leonine
Facie
(contracted face)

20. Bulimia
Nervosa
-Chipmunk
Face21.

Liver
Cirrhosis
-Spider
Angioma2
2 . A s t
h m a -

Wheezing
Inspiration2
3.
Hyperpituit
arism

-CAROTE
NEMIA
(Discoloration of
skin)

XANTHAMI
A24. Down
Syndrome-

Single
Crease on
Palm/Sime
an
crease2 5
. T O

F Clubbing of
Fingernails
Ventricular
Septal
DefectPulm

onary
StenosisOv
erriding of
AortaRight
Ventricular
Hypertroph

y2 6 . C a
taractBlurry
Vision /
Hazy
Vision /

cloudy
Vision2 7 .
Gluco
maTunnel-like
Vision2 8

.
P T
B - Low
grade fever
in
afternoon2
9. Cholec

ystitisMurphys
Sign
(pain RUQ)

30.
Myasthemi
a Gravis

(MG)
Ptosis
(inability to open
upper eyelids)

3 1 . D
e n g u e
-

Petechiae /
(+)
tourniquet
test32.
Parkinsons
Dse. -Pill

Rolling
Tremors3
3 .
M I Levines
Sign

(Clutching of the
chest)

34. Me
aslesKopliks
Spot