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9 - Secondary Storage

The document discusses various secondary storage devices used in computer systems including hard disks, removable and non-removable disks, tracks and sectors, disk performance parameters, network attached storage, storage area networks, and different disk scheduling algorithms. It also covers RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) levels and configurations.

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DeepakGupta
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32 views27 pages

9 - Secondary Storage

The document discusses various secondary storage devices used in computer systems including hard disks, removable and non-removable disks, tracks and sectors, disk performance parameters, network attached storage, storage area networks, and different disk scheduling algorithms. It also covers RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) levels and configurations.

Uploaded by

DeepakGupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Secondary Storage Devices

Organized By: Vinay Arora


Assistant Professor
CSED, TU

V.A.
CSED,TU

Disclaimer
This is NOT A COPYRIGHT

MATERIAL

Content has been taken mainly from the following books:


Operating Systems Concepts By Silberschatz & Galvin,
Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles By William Stallings

www.os-book.com
www.cs.jhu.edu/~yairamir/cs418/os2/sld001.htm
www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/OpSystems/os.html
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms685096(VS.85).aspx
http://www.computer.howsttuffworks.com/operating-system6.htm
http://williamstallings.com/OS/Animations.html
Etc
VA.
CSED,TU

Secondary Storage Devices

VA.
CSED,TU

Hard Disk

VA.
CSED,TU

Tracks & Sectors

VA.
CSED,TU

Removable & Non-Removable

VA.
CSED,TU

Group of Platters

VA.
CSED,TU

Cylinder

VA.
CSED,TU

Disk & R/W Head

VA.
CSED,TU

Moving Head Disk Mechanism

VA.
CSED,TU

Disk Performance Parameters

VA.
CSED,TU

Network Attached Storage

VA.
CSED,TU

Storage Area Network

VA.
CSED,TU

Disk Scheduling


Operating System is responsible for using hardware efficiently for the


disk drives, this means having a fast access time.

Access Time has two major components


 Seek time is the time for the disk are to move the heads to the
cylinder containing the desired sector.
 Rotational latency is the additional time waiting for the disk to
rotate the desired sector to the disk head.

Minimize Seek

Disk bandwidth is the total number of bytes transferred, divided by the


total time between the first request for service and the completion of the
last transfer.

Time. Seek time seek distance

VA.
CSED,TU

Several algorithms exist to schedule the servicing of disk I/O requests.

We illustrate them with a request queue (0-199).


98, 183, 37, 122, 14, 124, 65, 67
Head pointer 53

VA.
CSED,TU

FCFS (640 moves)

VA.
CSED,TU

SSTF (236 moves)

VA.
CSED,TU

SCAN / Elevator (208 moves)

VA.
CSED,TU

C-SCAN

VA.
CSED,TU

C-LOOK

VA.
CSED,TU

RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk)




RAID Multiple Disk drives provides Reliability via Redundancy.

RAID is arranged into SIX different Levels.

Data Striping

Bit-Level Striping/Block Level Striping

VA.
CSED,TU

RAID (contd.)

VA.
CSED,TU

RAID (contd.)

VA.
CSED,TU

RAID (contd.)

VA.
CSED,TU

RAID 0+1 and RAID 1+0

VA.
CSED,TU

Reference List

Operating Systems Concepts By Silberschatz & Galvin,


Operating systems By D M Dhamdhere,
System Programming By John J Donovan,
www.os-book.com
www.cs.jhu.edu/~yairamir/cs418/os2/sld001.htm
http://gaia.ecs.csus.edu/~zhangd/oscal/pscheduling.html
http://www.edugrid.ac.in/iiitmk/os/os_module03.htm
http://williamstallings.com/OS/Animations.html

etc

VA.
CSED,TU

Thnx

VA.
CSED,TU

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