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Explaining The Intel Hex File

The document explains the Intel hex file format which is used to load executable machine codes into ROM chips. It describes the components of Intel hex file lines including address, data length, data, checksum. It also compares the data sections to equivalent assembly code from a sample program.

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202 views5 pages

Explaining The Intel Hex File

The document explains the Intel hex file format which is used to load executable machine codes into ROM chips. It describes the components of Intel hex file lines including address, data length, data, checksum. It also compares the data sections to equivalent assembly code from a sample program.

Uploaded by

aamya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPLAININGTHEINTELHEXFILE

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InDepthTutorialsandInformation

EXPLAININGTHEINTELHEXFILE

SECTION8.3:EXPLAININGTHEINTELHEXFILE
Intelhexfileisawidelyusedfileformatdesignedtostandardizetheloadingofexecutablemachinecodesinto
aROMchip.Therefore,loadersthatcome

Figure88.ListFileForTestProgram(Assembly)
witheveryROMburner(programmer)supporttheIntelhexfileformat.WhileinmanynewerWindowsbased
assemblerstheIntelhexfileisproducedautomatically(byselectingtherightsetting),inaDOSbasedPCyou
needautilitycalledOH(objecttohex)toproducethat.IntheDOSenvironment,theobjectfileisfedintothe
linkerprogramtoproducetheabsfilethentheabsfileisfedintotheOHutilitytocreatetheIntelhexfile.
Whiletheabsfileisusedbysystemsthathaveamonitorprogram,thehexfileisusedonlybytheloaderofan
EPROMprogrammertoloaditintotheROMchip.

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Programlistfilefortestprogram
ThelistfileforthetestprogramisgiveninFigure88.TheLOGandOBJfieldsinFigure88mustbenoted.
Thelocationistheaddresswheretheopcodes(objectcodes)areplaced.TheLOGandOBJinformationisused
tocreatethehexfile.Next,wewillanalyzethehexfilebelongingtothelistfileofFigure88.
AnalyzingIntelhexfile
Figure89showstheIntelhexfileforthetestprogramwhoselistfileisgiveninFigure88.SincetheROM
burner(loader)usesthehexfiletodownloadtheopcodeintoROM.thehexfilemustprovidethefollowing:(1)
thenumberofbytesofinformationtobeloaded,(2)theinformationitself,and(3)thestartingaddresswhere
theinformationmustbeplaced.Eachlineofthehexfileconsistsofsixparts.InFigure89.wehaveseparated
thepartstomakeiteasiertoanalyze.Thefollowingdescribeseachpart.

Figure89.IntelHexFileTestProgramasProvidedbytheAssembler
1.
:Eachlinestartswithacolon.

1.
CC,thecountbyte.Thistellstheloaderhowmanybytesareintheline.CC
canrangefrom00to16(10inhex).
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2.
AAAAisfortheaddress.Thisisa16bitaddress.Theloaderplacesthefirst
byteofdataintothismemoryaddress.
3.
TTisfortype.Thisfieldiseither00or01.Ifitis00,itmeansthatthereare
morelinestocomeafterthisline.Ifitis01,itmeansthatthisisthelastline
andtheloadingshouldstopafterthisline.

5.DDDistherealinformation(dataorcode).Thereisamaximumof16

bytesinthispart.TheloaderplacesthisinformationintosuccessivememorylocationsofROM.
6.SSisasinglebyte.Thislastbyteisthechecksumbyteofeverythinginthat
line.Thechecksumbyteisusedforerrorchecking.Checksumbytesaredis
cussedindetailinChapters6and7.Noticethatthechecksumbyteattheend
ofeachlinerepresentseverythinginthatlineandnotjustthedataportion.
Now,comparethedataportionoftheIntelhexfileinFigure89withtheinformationundertheOBJfieldofthe
listfileinFigure88.Noticethattheyareidentical,astheyshouldbe.Theextrainformationisaddedbythe
Intelhexfileformatter.YoucanruntheClanguageversionofthetestprogramandverifyitsoperation.YourC
compilerwillprovideyouboththelistfileandtheIntelhexfileifyouwantexploretheIntelhexfileconcept.

ExaminethenextthreeexamplestogainaninsightintotheIntelhexfile.

Example83
FromFigure89,analyzethesixpartsofline3.
Solution:

Afterthecolon(:)wehave07,whichmeansthatsevenbytesofdataareinthisline.0020Histheaddressat
whichthedatastarts.Next,00meansthatthisisnotthelastlineoftherecord.Thenthedata,whichisseven
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bytes,isasfollows:DBFEDCFADDF622.Finally,thelastbyte,35,isthechecksumbyte.

Example84

Verifythechecksumbyteforline3ofFigure89.Verifyalsothattheinformationisnotcorrupted.

Solution:

07+00+20+00+DB+FE+DC+FA+DD+F6+22=5CBH.Droppingthecarries(5)givesCBH,and
its2scomplementis35H,whichisthelastbyteofline3.Ifweaddalltheinformationinline3,includingthe
checksumbyte,anddropthecarriesweshouldget00.07+00+20+00+DB+FE+DC+FA+DD+F6+
22+35=600H
Example85
ComparethedataportionoftheIntelhexfileofFigure89withtheopcodesinthelistfileofthetestprogram
giveninFigure88.Dotheymatch?

Solution:

InthefirstlineofFigure89,thedataportionstartswith75H,theopcodefortheinstructionMOV,asshown
inthelistfileofFigure88.Thelastbyteofthedatainline3ofFigure89is22,whichistheopcodeforthe
RETinstructioninthelistfileofFigure88.

SUMMARY
Thischapterbeganbydescribingthefunctionofeachpinofthe8051.Thefourportsofthe8051,PO,
PI,P2,andP3,eachuse8pins,makingthem8bitports.Theseportscanbeusedforinputoroutput.Port
0canbeusedforeitheraddressordata.Port3canbeusedtoprovideinterruptandserialcommunication
signals. Then the design of the DS89C4xObased trainer was shown. We also explained the Intel hex
format.
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