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    W10 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    john smither
    The document discusses the chain rule of differentiation and its applications. It provides examples of using the chain rule to calculate the derivatives of various composite functions. It also discusses using implicit differentiation to find the equations of tangent lines to implicit curves at given points. The key points are: 1) The chain rule allows finding the derivative of a composite function f(g(x)) by taking the derivative of the outer function with respect to its input and multiplying it by the derivative of the inner function. 2) Implicit differentiation can be used to find the slope of the tangent line to an implicit curve at a point by taking the partial derivative of the equation with respect to x. 3) The only pair of points

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    W10 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    john smither
    117 views3 pages
    The document discusses the chain rule of differentiation and its applications. It provides examples of using the chain rule to calculate the derivatives of various composite functions. It also discusses using implicit differentiation to find the equations of tangent lines to implicit curves at given points. The key points are: 1) The chain rule allows finding the derivative of a composite function f(g(x)) by taking the derivative of the outer function with respect to its input and multiplying it by the derivative of the inner function. 2) Implicit differentiation can be used to find the slope of the tangent line to an implicit curve at a point by taking the partial derivative of the equation with respect to x. 3) The only pair of points

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    The document discusses the chain rule of differentiation and its applications. It provides examples of using the chain rule to calculate the derivatives of various composite functions. It also discusses using implicit differentiation to find the equations of tangent lines to implicit curves at given points. The key points are: 1) The chain rule allows finding the derivative of a composite function f(g(x)) by taking the derivative of the outer function with respect to its input and multiplying it by the derivative of the inner function. 2) Implicit differentiation can be used to find the slope of the tangent line to an implicit curve at a point by taking the partial derivative of the equation with respect to x. 3) The only pair of points

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    117 views3 pages

    W10 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    john smither
    The document discusses the chain rule of differentiation and its applications. It provides examples of using the chain rule to calculate the derivatives of various composite functions. It also discusses using implicit differentiation to find the equations of tangent lines to implicit curves at given points. The key points are: 1) The chain rule allows finding the derivative of a composite function f(g(x)) by taking the derivative of the outer function with respect to its input and multiplying it by the derivative of the inner function. 2) Implicit differentiation can be used to find the slope of the tangent line to an implicit curve at a point by taking the partial derivative of the equation with respect to x. 3) The only pair of points

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1

    The chain rule and implicit differentiation

    The chain rule in Newtons notation: Let f and g be differentiable functions. Then
    d
    f (g(x)) = f 0 (g(x)) g 0 (x).
    dx
    The chain rule in Leibnizs notation: Let y = f (u) and u = g(x), for both f and g
    differentiable functions. Then
    dy
    dy du
    =
    .
    dx
    du dx
    1. Calculate the first derivatives of the following functions with respect to x. Do not
    simplify your answer.
    (a) 4x2 e5x
    d
    (4x2 e5x ) = 8xe5x + 20x2 e5x
    dx
    (b) (x2 + tan x)3
    d
    ((x2 + tan x)3 ) = 3(x2 + tan x)2 (2x + sec2 (x))
    dx
    (c)

    xex
    x+1
    d
    dx

    xex
    x+1

    
    =

    (ex + xex )(x + 1) xex (1)


    (x + 1)2

    (d) tan(xex )
    d
    (tan(xex )) = sec2 (xex ) (ex + xex )
    dx
    q

    (e) x + x
    
    
    q

    1
    d
    1
    1
    ( x + x) = (x + x) 2 1 +
    dx
    2
    2 x
    (f) ln(3x2 + 5)
    d
    1
    (ln(3x2 + 5)) = 2
    (6x)
    dx
    3x + 5
    2. For each equation below, find the equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given
    point.
    1

    (a) x2 + xy + y 2 = 7 at (2, 1)
    To calculate the slope of the tangent line, we differentiate implicitly with respect
    to x:
    2x + y + xy 0 + 2yy 0 = 0
    y 0 (x + 2y) = 2x y
    Then as long as x + 2y 6= 0, we have that
    y0 =

    2x y
    x + 2y

    We now substitute x = 2, y = 1 to obtain


    4 1
    5
    =
    2+2
    4
    And then we use the point-slope formula to get the equation for the tangent line:
    y0 =

    (y 1) =

    5
    (x 2)
    4

    (b) (x + y)2/3 = y at (4, 4)


    To calculate the slope of the tangent line, we differentiate implicitly with respect
    to x:
    2
    (x + y)1/3 (1 + y 0 ) = y 0
    3
    
    
    2
    2
    1/3
    0
    = (x + y)1/3
    y 1 (x + y)
    3
    3
    We now substitute x = 4, y = 4 to obtain
    
    
    2 1/3
    2
    0
    y 1 (8)
    = (8)1/3
    3
    3
    4
    4
    y 0 (1 ) =
    3
    3
    y0 = 4
    Then we use this slope in the point-slope formula to get the equation for the
    tangent line:
    (y 4) = 4(x 4)
    2

    (c) x = 1 + y y 3 at (1, 1)
    We differentiate implicitly with respect to x to obtain the equation
    1 = y 0 3y 2 y 0
    1 = y 0 (1 3y 2 )
    y0 =

    1
    1 3y 2

    Then at x = 1, y = 1, the tangent line has slope


    y0 =

    1
    1
    =
    13
    2

    Then we use the point-slope formula to get the tangent line to the curve at
    x = 1, y = 1:
    (y 1) =

    1
    (x 1)
    2

    3. Find all pairs of points on f (x) = ex and g(x) = x2 at which the tangent lines to f (x)
    and g(x) are parallel. (Hint: think of the relationship between two slope functions)
    Parallel lines have the same slope, so the tangent lines will be parallel exactly when f 0 (x) =
    2
    g 0 (x). Now f 0 (x) = 2xex and g 0 (x) = 2x, so we must find all x such that
    2

    2xex = 2x
    If x = 0, then this equation holds. If x 6= 0, then we can cancel the 2x from each side to
    get
    2

    ex = 1
    2

    But for x 6= 0, ex 6= 1. Therefore there are no non-zero solutions to this equation, so the
    2
    only pair of points on f (x) = ex and g(x) = x2 with parallel tangent lines is the pair (0, 1)
    and (0, 0).

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