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    The Abdominal Cavity, The Peritoneum & The Peritoneal Cavity

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    Aidos Bolatov
    The document summarizes the abdominal cavity, peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity. It describes the boundaries and layers of the peritoneum, as well as peritoneal derivatives like ligaments, omentum, and mesentery that connect organs to other structures. It also discusses the divisions of the peritoneal cavity into the greater and lesser sacs. Key peritoneal recesses like the subphrenic recess and paracolic gutters are introduced along with their clinical significance as sites for infected fluid collection.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Abdominal Cavity, The Peritoneum & The Peritoneal Cavity

    Uploaded by

    Aidos Bolatov
    33 views62 pages
    The document summarizes the abdominal cavity, peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity. It describes the boundaries and layers of the peritoneum, as well as peritoneal derivatives like ligaments, omentum, and mesentery that connect organs to other structures. It also discusses the divisions of the peritoneal cavity into the greater and lesser sacs. Key peritoneal recesses like the subphrenic recess and paracolic gutters are introduced along with their clinical significance as sites for infected fluid collection.

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    The document summarizes the abdominal cavity, peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity. It describes the boundaries and layers of the peritoneum, as well as peritoneal derivatives like ligaments, omentum, and mesentery that connect organs to other structures. It also discusses the divisions of the peritoneal cavity into the greater and lesser sacs. Key peritoneal recesses like the subphrenic recess and paracolic gutters are introduced along with their clinical significance as sites for infected fluid collection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views62 pages

    The Abdominal Cavity, The Peritoneum & The Peritoneal Cavity

    Uploaded by

    Aidos Bolatov
    The document summarizes the abdominal cavity, peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity. It describes the boundaries and layers of the peritoneum, as well as peritoneal derivatives like ligaments, omentum, and mesentery that connect organs to other structures. It also discusses the divisions of the peritoneal cavity into the greater and lesser sacs. Key peritoneal recesses like the subphrenic recess and paracolic gutters are introduced along with their clinical significance as sites for infected fluid collection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 62

    The abdominal cavity,

    the peritoneum
    & the peritoneal cavity
    By

    Dr. Noura El Tahawy


    Faculty of Medicine
    El Minia University

    Superficial
    view of
    the abdominal
    organs

    Peritoneum

    Sagittal section
    through the
    abdominopelvic
    cavity

    Abdominal cavity
    proper
    The larger part of the
    abdominopelvic cavity

    BOUNDARIES
    Superiorly: diaphragm
    Inferiorly: Pelvic inlet
    A large part is under the
    cover of the
    osteocartilaginous thoracic
    cage

    Walls are lined by the


    parietal peritoneum

    Thin transparent
    serous membrane
    that consists of 2
    layers:
    1. PARIETAL
    PERITONEUM
    lines the
    abdominal cavity
    2. VISCERAL
    PERITONEUM
    invests the
    abdominal viscera

    Composed of a single
    layer of squamous
    epithelial cells
    (mesothelium)

    The 2 layers are


    separated by a capillary
    film of peritoneal fluid.

    PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Definition


    Peritoneal
    Derivatives

    From

    To

    Ligaments

    Solid viscera

    Abdominal wall

    Omentum

    Stomach

    Another viscus

    Mesentery

    Parts of the intestine

    Posterior abdominal wall

    PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Examples


    Peritoneal Derivative

    From

    To

    Ligaments

    Solid viscera

    Abdominal wall

    liver

    Diaphragm and anterior


    abdominal wall

    Falciform ligament

    Peritoneal cavity

    DEFINITION
    The potential space between the parietal and
    visceral layers of the peritoneum
    MALES: closed cavity
    FEMALES: (+) communication with the
    exterior through the reproductive tract
    (fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina)

    Divisions of the peritoneal cavity


    As the fetal
    organs assume
    their adult
    positions, the
    parietal cavity
    is divided into
    the 2 peritoneal
    sacs:
    1. the greater sac
    2. the lesser sac
    (omental bursa)

    Peritoneal cavity
    GREATER SAC

    LESSER SAC

    Main compartment of
    the peritoneal cavity

    Smaller

    Extends from the


    diaphragm into the
    pelvis

    Lies behind the


    stomach

    The communication between


    the greater sac and the lesser sac is the
    EPIPLOIC FORAMEN

    PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Examples


    Peritoneal Derivative

    From

    To

    Omentum

    Stomach

    Another viscus

    Greater omentum

    Greater curvature

    Transverse colon

    Lesser omentum

    Lesser curvature

    Undersurface of the liver

    Stomach

    Hilum of the spleen

    Hepatogastric ligament
    Hepatoduodenal
    ligament

    Gastrosplenic
    omentum
    (ligament)

    Greater Omentum

    Lesser Omentum & Lesser sac

    Superficial
    view of
    the abdominal
    organs

    Sagittal section
    through the
    abdominopelvic
    cavity

    Hepatogastric Ligament

    Hepatogastric
    ligament

    Epiploic
    foramen

    Hepatoduodenal Ligament

    Contents: The Portal Triad


    Proper hepatic a , Portal v, Common bile duct

    Boundaries of
    Epiploic foramen

    Proper
    Proper
    hepatic
    hepatic
    artery
    artery
    Portal
    Portal vein
    vein
    Common
    Common
    bile
    bile duct
    duct

    Contents: The Portal Triad


    Proper hepatic a
    Portal v
    Common bile duct

    Boundaries of Epiploic foramen

    Epiploic foramen

    Epiploic foramen

    Mesentery

    PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Examples


    Peritoneal Derivative

    From

    To

    Mesentery

    Parts of the intestine

    Posterior abdominal
    wall

    Mesogastrium

    Stomach

    Posterior abdominal wall

    Mesentery of the small


    intestine

    Small intestine

    Posterior abdominal wall

    Transverse mesocolon

    Transverse colon

    Posterior abdominal wall

    Sigmoid mesocolon

    Sigmoid colon

    Posterior abdominal wall

    Transverse
    mesocolon

    Mesentery
    of the small intestine

    PERITONEAL ORGANS

    RETROPERITONEAL ORGANS
    When an organ is
    partially covered
    by visceral peritoneum.
    The organ lies
    behind the peritoneum.
    Kidneys
    Suprarenal glands
    Pancreas
    Part of the duodenum
    Ascending colon
    Descending colon

    INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS
    When an organ is
    almost entirely covered
    by visceral peritoneum

    Secondary peritoneal
    organs
    PERITONEAL ORGANS

    RETROPERITONEAL ORGANS
    When an organ is
    partially covered
    by visceral peritoneum.
    The organ lies
    behind the peritoneum.
    Kidneys
    Suprarenal glands
    Pancreas
    Part of the duodenum
    Ascending colon
    Descending colon

    Primary peritoneal
    organs

    INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS
    When an organ is
    almost entirely covered
    by visceral peritoneum

    EXTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS
    Organs devoid of
    peritoneal lining
    Rectum

    PERITONEAL RECESSES
    Subphrenic recess
    Hepatorenal recess
    Paracolic gutter

    Description and significance

    SUBPHRENIC RECESS
    The existence is due to
    the complicated
    arrangement of the
    peritoneum in the region
    of the liver
    Right and left anterior
    subphrenic spaces
    Right posterior
    subphrenic space
    Right extraperitoneal
    space

    SUBPHRENIC RECESS
    Right and left anterior
    subphrenic spaces
    between the diaphragm and the
    Iiver on each side of the falciform
    ligament

    SUBPHRENIC RECESS
    Right posterior subphrenic
    space
    between the right lobe of the
    liver, the right kidney and the
    right colic flexure

    Anterior and Posterior


    Subphrenic Abscess
    Anterior

    Posterior

    SUBPHRENIC RECESS
    Right extraperitoneal space
    between the layers of the
    coronary ligament

    HEPATORENAL RECESS
    Located between the
    inferior surface of the
    right lobe of the liver
    and the right kidney

    PARACOLIC GUTTER
    Results form the
    arrangement of the
    ascending and
    descending colons,
    attachment of the
    transverse mesocolon,
    and the mesentery of
    the small intestine to
    the abdominal wall

    PARACOLIC GUTTER
    4 gutters
    Lie in the lateral and
    medial side of the
    ascending and
    descending colons
    respectively

    PARACOLIC GUTTER
    Right lateral paracolic gutter
    In communication with the
    right posterior subphrenic
    space

    Right medial paracolic gutter


    Closed off from the peritoneal
    cavity by the mesentery of the
    small intestines

    Left lateral paracolic gutter


    Separated from the area
    around the spleen by the
    phrenicocolic ligament

    Left medial paracolic gutter

    PARACOLIC GUTTER
    Right lateral paracolic gutter
    In communication with the
    right posterior
    subphrencicspace

    Right medial paracolic gutter


    Closed off from the peritoneal
    cavity by the mesentery of the
    small intestines

    Left lateral paracolic gutter


    Separated from the area
    around the spleen by the
    phrenicocolic ligament

    Left medial paracolic gutter

    PARACOLIC GUTTER
    Right lateral paracolic gutter
    In communication with the
    right posterior subphrenic
    space

    Right medial paracolic gutter


    Closed off from the peritoneal
    cavity by the mesentery of the
    small intestines

    Left lateral paracolic gutter


    Separated from the area
    around the spleen by the
    phrenicocolic ligament

    Left medial paracolic gutter

    The Subphrenic Spaces


    and the Paracolic Gutters
    Clinically important !
    Sites for the collection and movement of
    infected peritoneal fluid

    62

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