My To Days Paper of Cs 614 With Solution
My To Days Paper of Cs 614 With Solution
My To Days Paper of Cs 614 With Solution
3.
4.
5.
1. 3NF remove even more data redundancy than 2NF but it is at the cost of
Simplicity and performance page 48
Complexity
No of table
Relations
1. In full extraction, data extracted completely from source. No need to keep track of
change to the _________
Data source page 133
DWH
Data mart
Data destination
1. Which is not the characteristics of DWH
Ad-hoc access
Complete repository
Historical data
Volatile page 27
1. Experienced showed that for a single pass of magnetic tape that scanned 100% of
the record only________ of the records.
5% page 12
30%
50%
80%
1. HOLAP provides a combination of relational database access and cube data
structures within a single framework. The goal is to get the best of both MOLAP
and ROLAP:
scalability and high performance page 78
1. ____________ are created out of the data warehouse to service the needs of
different departments such as marketing, sales etc.
MIS
OLAPs
Data mart page 31
None of the given
1. Bitmap index: run length encoding ka ek question tha input di hoi output
find out kerni thi Page no.234
Answer: If we apply Run length Encoding on the input 11001100, the output
will be
12#02#12#02
11#01#11#
Output 3 may be
112#012#
Step of Kimball approach for data life cycle.
Kimball Process. Four step approach. (Business process-->Grains-->Facts->dimension). He defines a business process as a major operational process in the
organization that is supported by some kind of legacy system (or systems). (Read
"Business Development Lifecycle") page see #290
Drawback of traditional web search. Ch: 39 page 351
1. Limited to keyword based matching.
2. Cannot distinguish between the contexts in which a link is used.
3. Coupling of files has to be done manually.
Two ways of session describe in World Wide Web.
Identifying the Session
problems having multiple options and many values. Briefly, these techniques are
used to select the optimal solution out of a number of possible solutions.
However, are not much robust as can not perform well in the presence of noise.
Shipy in kobol develop....... (In 1972 the Mitsubishi Shipyards in Kobe developed
a technique in which customer wants were linked to product specifications via
a matrix format. Technique is known today as The House of Quality and is one of
many techniques of Quality Function Deployment, which can briefly be defined
as a system for translating customer requirements into appropriate company
requirements. The purpose of the technique is to reduce two types of risk. First,
the risk that the product specification does not comply with the wants of the
predetermined target group of customers. Secondly, the risk that the final product
does not comply with the product specification
Q: 1 briefly explains any two types of precedence constraints that we can use
in DTS.
Answer: page 395
Precedence constraints sequentially link tasks in a package. In DTS, you can
use three types of precedence constraints, which can be accessed either through
DTS Designer or programmatically:
Unconditional: If you want Task 2 to wait until Task 1 completes, regardless of
the outcome, link Task 1 to Task 2 with an unconditional precedence constraint.
On Success: If you want Task 2 to wait until Task 1 has successfully completed,
link Task 1 to Task 2 with an On Success precedence constraint.
On Failure: If you want Task 2 to begin execution only if Task 1 fails to execute
successfully, link Task 1 to Task 2 with an On Failure precedence constraint. If
you want to run an alternative branch of the workflow when an error is
encountered, use this constraint.
Q:2 Time complexity of K-means algorithm is O(tkn) what does t,k,and n
represents here?
Page 281
Answer: Relatively efficient: O(tkn), where n is # objects, k is # clusters, and t is
# iterations.
Normally, k, t n.
Q: 3 what are the problems you will face if low priority is given to cube
construction?
Answer: page 313
Low priority for OLAP Cube Construction: Make sure your OLAP cube-building
or pre-calculation process is optimized and given the right priority. It is common
for the data warehouse to be on the bottom of the nightly batch loads, and after
the loading the DWH, usually there isn't much time left for the OLAP cube to be
Mc130400536 Humda Mit 4th Sem
Suppose there is a large enterprise which uses the same server for the
development and production environments. What problems can arise if it
uses single server for both purposes? 5m
To save capital, often data warehousing teams will decide to use only a single
database and a single server for the different environments i.e. development and
production. Environment separation is achieved by either a directory structure or
setting up distinct instances of the database.
This is awkward for the following reasons:
Sometimes it is possible that the server needs to be rebooted for the
development environment. Having a separate development environment will
prevent the production environment from being effected by this.
There may be interference while having different database environments on a
single server. For example, having multiple long queries running on the
development server could affect the performance on the production server, as both
are same.
Write down any two drawbacks if Date is stored in text format rather than
using proper date format like dd-MMM-yy etc. 5m
In context of Web data warehousing, consider the web page dimension, list
at least five possible attributes of this dimension. 5m
Page key
Page source
Page function
Page template
Item type
Graphic type
Animation type
Sound type
Page file name
There are different data mining techniques e.g. clustering, description
etc. Each of the following statement corresponds to some data mining
technique. For each statement name the technique the statement corresponds
to. 5m
a) Assigning customers to predefined customer segments (i.e. good vs.
bad) classification
b) Assigning credit applicants to predefined classes (i.e. low, medium, or high
risk) classification
c) Guessing how much customers will spend during next 6 months prediction
d) Building a model and assigning a value from 0 to 1 to each member of the set.
Then classifying the members into categories based on a threshold
value. Estimation
e) Guessing how much students will score more than 65% grades in
midterm. Prediction
Specify at least one implication, if you dont provide proper documentation
as part of data warehouse development.3 m
Usually by this time most, if not all, of the developers will have left the project, so
it is essential that proper documentation is left for those who are handling
production maintenance. There is nothing more frustrating than staring at
something another person did, yet unable to figure it out due to the lack of proper
documentation.
Another pitfall is that the maintenance phase is usually boring. So, if there is
another phase of the data warehouse planned, start on that as soon as possible.
In context of nested loop join, mention two guidelines for selecting a table as
inner table. 3m
For a Nested-Loop join inner and outer tables are determined as follows: page
242
The outer table is usually the one that has:
The smallest number of qualifying rows, and/or
The largest numbers of I/Os required to locate the rows.
The inner table usually has:
The largest number of qualifying rows, and/or
The smallest number of reads required to locate rows
We can identify the Session in Word Wide Web by using Time-contiguous
Log Entries however there are some limitations of this technique. Briefly
explain any two limitations. 3m
Answer: A session can be consolidated by collecting time-contiguous log entries
from the same host (Internet Protocol, or IP, address). In many cases, the
individual hits comprising a session can be consolidated by collating timecontiguous log entries from the same host (Internet Protocol, or IP, address). If the
log contains a number of entries with the same host ID in a short period of time
(for example, one hour), one can reasonably assume that the entries are for the
same session.
Limitations: This method breaks down for visitors from large ISPs because
different visitors may reuse dynamically assigned IP addresses over a brief time
period.
Different IP addresses may be used within the same session for the same visitor.
This approach also presents problems when dealing with browsers that are
behind some firewalls.
Identify the given statement as correct or incorrect and justify your answer
in either case.
"The problem of Referential Integrity always occurs in traditional OLTP
system as well as in DWH". 3m
Answer: While doing total quality measurement, you measure RI every week (or
month) and hopefully the number of orphan records will be going down, as you
will be fine tuning the processes to get rid of the RI problems. Remember, RI
problem is peculiar to a DWH, this will not happen in a traditional OLTP system.
There are two primary techniques for gathering requirements i.e. interviews
or facilitated sessions. Which technique is preferred by Ralph Kimball? 2m
Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Interviews encourage lots of
individual participation. They are also easier to schedule. Facilitated sessions may
reduce the elapsed time to gather requirements, although they require more time
commitment from each participant. Kimball prefers using a hybrid approach with
interviews to gather the gory details and then facilitation to bring the group to
consensus.
List down any two Parallel Software Architectures? 2m
Brief Intro to Parallel Processing:
Parallel Hardware Architectures
Shared Memory
Shard Disk
Shared Nothing
Types of parallelism
Data Parallelism
Spatial Parallelism
List down any four Static Attributes recorded by the scouts in Agriculture
Data Warehouse Case Study. 2m
Date of visit
CLCV
Variety sown
Predator population
Sowing date
1111111110000111
Answer: 19#04#13
Case-II:
00001111000000
Answer: 04#14#06
8. Identify the given statement as correct or incorrect and justify your
answer in either case. (3 marks)
"One-way clustering is used to get local view and Two-way clustering is used to
get global view."
Answer: Incorrect
One-way clustering gives global view and bi-clustering gives local view
9. A pilot project strategy is highly recommended in data warehouse. What
are the reasons for its recommendation? (5 marks)
Answer: A pilot project strategy is highly recommended in data warehouse
construction, as a full blown data warehouse construction requires significant
capital investment, effort and resources. Therefore, the same must be attempted
only after a thorough analysis, and a valid proof of concept. A small scale project
in this regard serves many purposes such as (i) Show users the value of DSS
information, (ii) establish blue print processes for later full-blown project, (iii)
Mc130400536 Humda Mit 4th Sem
identify problem areas and, (iv) reveal true data demographics. Hence doing a
pilot project on a small scale seemed to be the best strategy.
10. Data acquisition and cleansing. (5 marks)
The pest scouting sheets are larger than A4 size (8.5 x 11), hence the right end
was cropped when scanned on a flat-bed A4 size scanner.
The right part of the scouting sheet is also the most troublesome, because of
pesticide names for a single record typed on multiple lines i.e. for multiple
farmers.
As a first step, OCR (Optical Character Reader) based image to text
transformation of the pest scouting sheets was attempted. But it did not work even
for relatively clean sheets with very high scanning resolutions.
Subsequently DEOs (Data Entry Operators) were employed to digitize the
scouting sheets by typing.
Data cleansing and standardization is probably the largest part in an ETL exercise.
For Agri-DWH major issues of data cleansing had arisen due to data processing
and handling at four levels by different groups of people i.e.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
finally
(iv)
12. 1 table dia hua tha us mein Name, item, time aur gender dia hua tha aur
sath ye statement di Hui thi. (5 marks)
IF
Items/Time >= 6
Then
Gender= F
else
Gender = M
a) Find the accuracy % of given data.
b) If Name: Ali, Items: 2, time: 14 then find the gender of Ali.
Answer: page 278
The model in our case is a rule that if the per item minutes for any customer is
greater or equal than 6 than the customer is female else a male i.e.
The above rule is based on the common notion that females spend more time
during shopping than male customers. Exceptions can be there and are treated as
outliers.
Mc130400536 Humda Mit 4th Sem
Since for the first record the ration is greater than 6 meaning that our model will
assign it to the female class, but that may be an exception or noise. The second
and the third records are as per rule. Thus, the accuracy of our model is 2/3 i.e. .
66%. In other words we can say the confidence level of our classification model is
66%. The accuracy may change as we add more data. Now unseen data is brought
into the picture. Suppose there is a record with name Firdous, time spent 15
minutes and 1 item purchased. We predict the gender by using our classification
model and as per our model the customer is assigned F (15/1=15 which is
greater than 6).
Subjective:
1. 1.
Architecture?
Answer
Shared nothing RDBMS architecture requires a static partitioning of each table in
the database.
How do you perform the partitioning?
Hash partitioning
Key range partitioning.
List partitioning.
Round-Robin
Combinations (Range-Hash & Range-List
1. 2.
1. 3.
Answer:
Nested-Loop Join: Variants
1. Naive nested-loop join
2. Index nested-loop join
3. Temporary index join nested-loop
1. 4.
1. 6.
Answer:
Answer= Limitations
It's possible that the visitor will have his or her browser set to refuse cookies or
may clean out his or her cookie file manually, so there is no absolute guarantee
that even a persistent cookie will survive.
Although any given cookie can be read only by the Web site that caused it to be
created, certain groups of Web sites can agree to store a common ID tag that
would let these sites combine their separate notions of a visitor session into a
super session
1. 7. as the number of processes increase, the speedup should also increase.
Thus theoretically there should be a linear speedup; however this is not the
case in real. List at least 2 barrier of linear speedup.
Answer:
Amdahl Law
Startup
Interference
Skew
1. 8.
In context of nested loop join, mention two guide lines for outer table.
(answer in current solution file)
1. 9.
before sitting down with the business community to gather
information, it is suggested to set you up for a productive session. Write three
activities requirement preplanning phase
Answer:
Requirements preplanning: This phase consists of activities like choosing the
forum, identifying and preparing the requirements team and finally selecting,
scheduling and preparing the business representatives.
Best of Luck
Mc130400536 Humda Mit 4th Sem