Sayed.dashty@gmaill.

com
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 Clouds provide an abstraction of unlimited computing

resources.
The goal is to explore how cloud platforms and
abstractions, can be effectively used to
support real-world science and engineering applications.
It is critical to understand application formulations

and usage modes , and ways that applications

can effectively utilize clouds.

Cloud Definitions
Definition from NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand
on-demand
network access
network
accesstotoaashared
shared
pool
pool
of of
configurable
configurable
computing
computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly
rapidlyprovisioned
provisionedand
and
released
released
with
with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
This cloud model promotes availability
availabilityand
andisiscomposed
composedofoffive
five
essential characteristics, three service models, and four
deployment models.

Cloud Definitions
Definition from Wikipedia
Cloud computing is Internet-based
Internet-basedcomputing,
computing,
whereby
whereby
shared
shared
resources, software,
resources,
software,and
and
information
information
areare
provided
provided
to computers
to computers
and other devices on demand,
demand,like
likethe
theelectricity
electricitygrid.
grid.
Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically
dynamically
scalable and
scalable
andoften
oftenvirtualized
virtualizedresources
resources
areare
provided
provided
as as
a service
a
over theover
service
Internet.
the Internet.

Cloud Definitions
Definition from Whatis.com
The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that's
often used to represent the Internet in flowcharts and diagrams.
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves
delivering hosted
delivering
hostedservices
services
over
over
thethe
Internet.
Internet.

Cloud Definitions
Definition from Berkeley
Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered
deliveredas
as
services over
services
overthe
theInternet
Internet
and
and
the
the
hardware
hardware
and
and
systems
systems
software
in the datacenters
software
in the datacenters
that provide
thatthose
provide
services.
those services.
The services themselves have long been referred to as Software
Softwareas
asa
Service
a
Service
(SaaS),
(SaaS),
so we
so we
useuse
that
that
term.
term.
TheThe
datacenter
datacenter
hardware
hardware
and
software
and
software
is what
is what
we will
we call
will acall a
Cloud.
When a Cloud is made available
in a pay-as-you-go
pay-as-you-gomanner
mannertotothe
the
public The service being sold is
Utility Computing.
Utility
Computing.

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Cloud Definitions
Definition from Buyya
A Cloud is a type of parallel
paralleland
anddistributed
distributed
system
system
consisting
consisting
of aof
acollection
collectionofofinterconnected
interconnectedand
andvirtualized
virtualized
computers
computers
thatthat
are are
dynamically provisioned
dynamically
provisioned
and
and
presented
presented
asas
one
one
oror
more
more
unified
unified
computing resources based on service-level
service-levelagreements
agreements
established through negotiation between the service provider and
consumers.

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What is Cloud Computing

Shared pool of configurable computing resources

On-demand network access
Provisioned by the Service Provider
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance

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 : ...

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Web 2.0 Interface

Software as a Service

Programming API
Scripting & Programming
Languages

Platform as a Service
QoS Metering

Google AppEngine
Microsoft Azure
Manjrasoft Aneka

Infrastructure as a Service

Community Cloud

Hybrid Cloud

Virtualization

SLA Negotiation

Private Cloud

Public Cloud

Accounting

Salesforce.com

Admission Control

Pricing and Billing

Google Apps (Gmail, Docs,)

VM Management & Deployment

Amazon S3, EC2
OpenNebula, Eucalyptus
Mosso
Data Centers

Clusters

Other
Grids/Clouds
Storage

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:
.

:
OneDrive Google Drive, DropBox Box.

:
.
(
) .

:
.
( ) (
) .
Rajaraman (2014).

:
.

.


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NIST Cloud Definition Framework

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Cloud Service Models

Software as a
Service (SaaS)

Platform as a
Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)

SalesForce CRM
LotusLive

Google
App
Engine

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance

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Cloud Computing Characteristics

Common Characteristics:

Massive Scale

Resilient Computing

Homogeneity

Geographic Distribution

Virtualization

Service Orientation

Low Cost Software

Advanced Security

Essential Characteristics:

On Demand Self-Service
Broad Network Access

Rapid Elasticity

Resource Pooling

Measured Service

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance

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Comparison

June 28, 2011 John Smith University of Piemonte Orientale Conference 24

2010

The layers of IT-as-a-Service

Collaboration
Business
Processes

CRM/ERP/HR
Industry
Applications

Software as a Service

Middleware

High Volume
Transactions

Database

Web 2.0 Application

Runtime
Development
Tooling

Java
Runtime

Platform as a Service

Servers

Networking

Data Center
Fabric

Shared virtualized, dynamic provisioning

Infrastructure as a Service
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Storage

Cloud Architecture

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Traditional IT Delivery Translated to Cloud

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Four Service Delivery Models

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Cloud Computing - Services

Software as a Service - SaaS
Platform as a Service - PaaS
Infrastructure as a Service - IaaS

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Office

Software

EMail
Desktop

Finance
Database

CRM
Test

Business
Intelligence

Integration
Development

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34

( )

35

36

37

38

39

40

41


ISO/IEC 17826: Cloud Data Management Interface
ISO/IEC 17788: Cloud Overview and vocabulary
ISO/IEC 17789: Cloud Reference Architecture

ISO/IEC 27017: Cloud Security

ISO/IEC 27018: Cloud Privacy

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()Front End
()Back End

:
:
43

Web

)(BI

44

) (FEA


)(Word Processing
:

45

)(HIS

NSF CiC: Computing in Cloud

...

Carnegie-Mellon
Florida International
MIT
California-San Diego
Supercomputer Center
California-Santa Barbara
Maryland-College Park
Virginia
Washington

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Properties and characteristics

WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING ?

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Properties and Characteristics

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Utility
Computing
SOA + SLA

.


()pay as you go
()quality of service

()Utility Computing

( )service provisioning

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Utility
Computing
SOA + SLA

() service
web

()well-defined
()self-contained

API

( )full-blown

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Service Oriented Architecture

(SOA)

Utility
Computing
SOA + SLA

() SOA

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is essentially a
collection of services which communicate with each other

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Utility
Computing
SOA + SLA

)Service-Level Agreement (SLA

Quality of Service (QoS)

service-level agreement (SLA)
( )service provider
( )QoS



Up-time and down-time ratio
System throughput
Response time

()
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Scalability & Elasticity

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Scalability & Elasticity

( : )scalability
()elasticity

()Dynamic provisioning
()Multi-tenant design

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)Dynamic Provisioning(

)Underestimat( ) 1

Resources

Resources

Loss Revenue

Capacity

2
1
Time (days)

Demand
1

Resources

Demand

Capacity

Loss Users
Capacity

Demand
1

3
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(Dynamic provisioning)

)Overestimate() 2

Resources

Capacity

Unused resources

Demand
Time

:

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( )
(
)
() (
)
Resources

Demand
Time

57

Resources

Capacity
Demand

Capacity

Time

(Cloud Service Provider - CSP )CSPs

58

(Application Service Providers )ASPs

 ()scalling

59

Reactive
Proactive
()

.
.
.
( )

.

.

 ()Multi-tenant

client

client

60

:Customization

:Quality of service ( )robustness

SaaS Maturity Model

:1

:2

:3

Multi-Tenant-Efficient
:4

Source: Frederick Chong and Gianpaolo Carraro, Architectures Strategies for Catching the Long Tail

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Availability & Reliability

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Availability & Reliability

:Availbility
:Reliability
:
()Fault tolerance
( :)resilience

()security

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 ()Fault Tolerance

64

():)Single Point Of Failure (SPOF

( )Fault Containment :

( :)reversion modes
check point

 ( )resilience
( :)resilience

:

( :)Disaster Recovery

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:
: mirror
)Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS

System Security
Security issue in Cloud Computing :
Cloud security is an evolving sub-domain of computer
security, network security, and, more broadly,
information security.
It refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, and
controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the
associated infrastructure of cloud computing.

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System Security
Important security and privacy issues :
Data Protection

To be considered protected, data from one customer must be

properly segregated from that of another.

Identity Management

Every enterprise will have its own identity management system

to control access to information and computing resources.

Application Security

Cloud providers should ensure that applications available as a

service via the cloud are secure.

Privacy

Providers ensure that all critical data are masked and that only
authorized users have access to data in its entirety.

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Manageability & Interoperability

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Manageability & Interoperability

:manageability

:interoperability



( )monotoring

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Performance & Optimization

Performance & Optimization

Performance guarantees ??
As the great computing power in cloud, application
performance should be guaranteed.
Cloud providers make use of powerful infrastructure or other
underlining resources to build up a highly performed and
highly optimized environment, and then deliver the complete
services to cloud users.
But how to achieve this property ?
Parallel computing
Load balancing
Job scheduling

Parallel Processing
Parallel Processing
Parallel processing is a form of computation in which
many calculations are carried out simultaneously,
operating on the principle that large problems can often
be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved
concurrently.
Parallelism in different levels :
Bit level parallelism
Instruction level parallelism
Data level parallelism
Task level parallelism

Parallel Processing
Hardware approaches
Multi-core computer
Symmetric multi-processor
General purpose graphic processing unit
Vector processor
Distributed computing

Cluster computing
Grid computing

Software approaches
Parallel programming language
Automatic parallelization

Load Balancing
What is load balancing ?
Load balancing is a technique to distribute workload
evenly across two or more computers, network links,
CPUs, hard drives, or other resources, in order to get
optimal resource utilization, maximize throughput,
minimize response time, and avoid overload.
Why should be load balanced ?
Improve resource utilization
Improve system performance
Improve energy efficiency

Job Scheduling
What is job scheduler ?
A job scheduler is a software application that is in charge of
unattended background executions, commonly known for
historical reasons as batch processing.
What should be scheduled in Cloud ?
Computation intensive tasks
Dynamic growing and shrinking tasks
Tasks with complex processing dependency
How to approach ?
Use pre-defined workflow
System automatic configuration

Accessibility & Portability

Accessibility & Portability

What is accessibility ?
Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a
product, device, service, or environment is accessible by as many
people as possible.

What is service portability ?
Service portability is the ability to access services using any devices,
anywhere, continuously with mobility support and dynamic
adaptation to resource variations.

But how to achieve these properties ?

Uniform access
Thin client

Uniform Access
How do users access cloud services ?
Cloud provider should provide their cloud service by
means of widespread accessing media. In other word,
users from different operating systems or other
accessing platforms should be able to directly be served.


Nowadays, web browser technique is one of the most
widespread platform in almost any intelligent electronic
devices. Cloud service take this into concern, and
delivery their services with web-based interface through
the Internet.

Thin Client
What is thin client ?
Thin client is a computer or a computer program which depends
heavily on some other computer to fulfill its traditional
computational roles. This stands in contrast to the traditional
fat client, a computer designed to take on these roles by itself.
Characteristics :
Cheap client hardware

While the cloud providers handle several client sessions at once, the
clients can be made out of much cheaper hardware.

Diversity of end devices

End user can access cloud service via plenty of various electronic
devices, which include mobile phones and smart TV.

Client simplicity
Client local system do not need complete operational functionalities.

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Cloud-onomics
CLOUD COMPUTING

VIRTUALIZATION

ENERGY
EFFICIENCY

STANDARDIZATION

AUTOMATION

Reduced
Cost

.leverages virtualization, standardization and automation to free up

operational budget for new investment

AGILITY

BUSINESS &
IT
ALIGNMENT

SERVICE
FLEXIBILITY

INDUSTRY
STANDARDS

OPTIMIZED
BUSINESS

allowing you to optimize new investments for direct business benefits

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