R.P.I Concept

R.P.
I Concept
Dr.Rajya Lakshmi
Introduction
In order to overcome the disadvantages of other concepts
Dr. Kratchovil and kroll developed RPI concept in 1963 in an
attempt to deal with the stresses that are induced by the distal
extension base partial denture.
`
Design concepts
Rest
The component of removal partial denture that serve primarily
to transfer force occurring against the prosthesis down the long axis
of the abutment teeth. It also acts as a vertical stop preventing
injury and over displacement of soft tissues under the denture base.
Rest seat is the prepared surface of a tooth or fixed restoration into
which rest fits.
Provides
vertical
support
and
control
relationship
of
prosthesis to supporting structures.
In Anteriors Cresent shaped cingulam rest is made. It places

vertical force low on tooth. Gives maximum stabilization (Berg &
Caputo in 1978). Gives Maximum esthetics.
In Posteriors Spoon shaped
rest is made in marginal and
triangular ridges for premolar, for molars it is
extended upto
central fossa.
In RPI concept mesial rest is advised in place of distal rest for

2 reasons
1. Anterior placement of rest helps verticalize the forces of
occlusion on mucosa under the denture base extension.
2. Mesial rest directs tipping forces on abutment mesially and
move the abutment tooth into firm contact with anterior
teeth.
Proximal Plates
Parallel guide planes are prepared on all proximal tooth
surfaces adjacent to edentulous spaces. Proximal plate covers the
guide plane from marginal ridge to the tooth tissue junction and
extends on to the attached gingiva for 2mm. This is to
Provide horizontal stability
Increased retention as dislodgement is limited to path

of insertion
Protects tooth tissue junction
Provides reciprocation
Distributes occlusion force throughout the arch
Unprepared guide planes compromises the stability of I Bar

partial denture.
I Bar
Krathcovil introduced I Bar mainly for distal extension cases.
He gave attention to the tooth mucosa junction where a transition
from non resilient (tooth) tissue to resilient (mucosa) tissues is
difficult without compromising of support.
A class should provide
Vertical Support
Horizontal Bracing
Retention and Reciprocation
Controlled movement of the abatement teeth
Usually in conventional partial denture design retention is

achieved by retentive arm engaging an undercut on abutment tooth.
I Bar provides retention against vertical displacement but is

augmented by the parallelism of guide planes that limits
displacement to the path of insertion.
Features
1. It is an infra bulge retainer
2. Arm is long and tapering with half round in cross section
3. Engages the mid buccal undercut
Major Connector
Designed for maximum rigidity and gingival health. Antero

posterior strap is preferred for maxillary partial denture, lingual bar
for mandibular partial denture.
Major connectors are not relieved because closed tissue

adaptation
is
important
to
prevent
food
impaction.
Tissue
impingement avoided by providing adequate vertical support for

long anteriror connector segments.
Mesial fossa of mandibular first premolar is convinient for

anterior rest as it is usually out of occlusion.
Minor Connector
Connect
rests,
Proximal
plates
and
retainers
to
major
connector. Provide horizontal stability and are located usually in

buccal or lingual embrasures. Designed such that they cross tooth
tissue junction at right angles to eliminate food impaction.
Denture Base
Designed for strength 1mm relief is given to provide retention
butt joint is given at metal acrylic junction.
Advantages
Better esthetics
I Bar is passive in its relationships to the abutment tooth except

against the vertical displacement forces
Tooth mucosal junction at the distal of the abutment is

protected by a metal covering which diereses chances of
developing pathosis.
Disadvantages
If design concepts are not fully developed it provides
Less horizontal stability
Less retention
Contra indication
Insufficient vestibular depth
Presence of tissue undercuts
Patients with high smile line
When extensive mouth preparation is required
Conclusion
In order to give better prosthesis we should have thorough
knowledge of the various design concepts that can be chosen
according
to
the
situation.
Thus
esthetically efficient denture.
Rests
giving
functionally
and
Proximal plate
I Bar

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R.P.

prosthesis to supporting structures.

In Anteriors Cresent shaped cingulam rest is made. It places

In Posteriors Spoon shaped

rest is made in marginal and

triangular ridges for premolar, for molars it is

In RPI concept mesial rest is advised in place of distal rest for

Provide horizontal stability

Increased retention as dislodgement is limited to path

Protects tooth tissue junction

Distributes occlusion force throughout the arch

Unprepared guide planes compromises the stability of I Bar

A class should provide

Retention and Reciprocation

Controlled movement of the abatement teeth

Usually in conventional partial denture design retention is

I Bar provides retention against vertical displacement but is

Designed for maximum rigidity and gingival health. Antero

Major connectors are not relieved because closed tissue

impingement avoided by providing adequate vertical support for

Mesial fossa of mandibular first premolar is convinient for

connector. Provide horizontal stability and are located usually in

I Bar is passive in its relationships to the abutment tooth except

Tooth mucosal junction at the distal of the abutment is

esthetically efficient denture.

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