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CHAPTER 3 Giancoli: Physics Study Guide Dr. Lee: y V T - GT

This document summarizes key concepts and equations for projectile motion, including the horizontal and vertical directions, range, and solutions to sample problems. It provides the equations for horizontal and vertical displacement and velocity. Sample problems are worked through using these equations to solve for time of flight, initial velocity, range, displacement, and velocity at a given point for various projectile motion scenarios.

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83 views3 pages

CHAPTER 3 Giancoli: Physics Study Guide Dr. Lee: y V T - GT

This document summarizes key concepts and equations for projectile motion, including the horizontal and vertical directions, range, and solutions to sample problems. It provides the equations for horizontal and vertical displacement and velocity. Sample problems are worked through using these equations to solve for time of flight, initial velocity, range, displacement, and velocity at a given point for various projectile motion scenarios.

Uploaded by

heypartygirl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3

Giancoli: Physics Study Guide

Dr. Lee

Summary for Projectile Motion:


Key Concepts and equations:
Horizontal direction:
x = vxo t
= vo cos t
Vertical direction:
vy = vyo - g t
= vo sin - g t
y

=
=

vyo t - g t2
vo sin t - g t2

Take the upward direction to be positive. g means 9.8 m/s2.


Range = vo 2

sin (2 ) /g

Solution of some problems.


(Note: capital X means multiplication)
CHAPTER 3
26. We solve the problem in two ways.
Method 1
Think of the problem as a chapter 2 problem. The initial upward
velocity is v0y = (20.0 m/s)(sin 37.0) = 12.04 m/s
We find the time the ball reaches the top by using the fact the velocity at the top is 0.
0 = 12.04 9.8 T
This gives T = 1.23 s
It takes the ball the same time to get down. So the total time = 2.46 s.
Method 2
We use the y equation and note that when the ball is on the ground again, y = 0.
y = v0yt - gt2;
0 = (20.0 m/s)(sin 37.0)t + ( 9.80 m/s2)t2,
which gives t = 0, 2.46 s.
The ball is kicked at t = 0, so the football hits the ground

2.46 s

later.

28. We choose a coordinate system with the origin at the release


point,

y
v0

O
h

with x horizontal and y vertical, with the positive direction up.


We find the time required for the fall from the vertical motion:
y = v0yt - g t2;
2.2 m = (14 m/s)(sin 40)t + ( 9.80 m/s2)t2.
Or

4.9 t2. 9 t 2.2 = 0


t = [ 9 +/- SQRT( 92. + 4 X 4.9 X 2.2) ] / 9.8

The solutions of this quadratic equation are t = 0.22 s, 2.06 s.


Because the shot is released at t = 0, the physical answer is 2.06 s.
We find the horizontal distance from
x = v0xt;
x = (14 m/s)(cos 40)(2.06 s) =

22 m.

30. (a) Because the athlete lands at the same level, we can use the expression for the horizontal range:
R = v02 sin(20)/g;
7.80 m = v02 sin[2(30)]/(9.80 m/s2), which gives
v0 = 9.39 m/s.
(b) For an increase of 5%, the initial speed becomes v0 = (1 + 0.05)v0 = (1.05)v0 , and the new range
is
R = v02 sin(20)/g = (1.05)2v02 sin(20)/g = 1.10R.
Thus the increase in the length of the jump is
R R = (1.10 1)R = 0.10(7.80 m) =
0.80 m.

32. (a) We choose a coordinate system with the origin at the release point, with x horizontal and y
vertical, with the positive direction up. We find the time of flight from the horizontal motion:
x = v0xt;
120 m = (250 m/s)t, which gives t = 0.480 s.
We find the distance the bullet falls from
y = - g t2;
y = - (9.80 m/s2)(0.480 s)2 =
- 1.13 m.
(b) The bullet will hit the target at the same elevation, so we can use the expression for the
horizontal range:
R = v02 sin(20)/g;
120 m = (250 m/s)2 sin(20)/(9.80 m/s2), which gives
sin(20) = 0.0188, or 20 = 1.08 ,
0 = 0.54.

36. (a) We choose a coordinate system with the origin at the

v0

(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)

P
X

top of the cliff, with x horizontal and y vertical, with


the positive direction up.
We find the time required for the fall from the vertical motion:
y = v0yt - g t2;
-125 m = (105 m/s)(sin 37.0)t + ( 9.80 m/s2)t2,
which gives t = 1.74, 14.6 s.
Because the projectile starts at t = 0, we have
t = 14.6 s.
We find the range from the horizontal motion:
X = v0xt = (105 m/s)(cos 37.0)(14.6 s)
= 1.22103 m =
1.22 km.
For the velocity components, we have
vx = v0x = (105 m/s) cos 37.0 =
83.9 m/s.
vy = v0y g t = (105 m/s) sin 37.0 ( 9.80 m/s2)(14.6 s) =
79.9 m/s.
When we combine these components, we get
v = (vx2 + vy2)1/2 = [(83.9 m/s)2 + ( 79.9 m/s)2]1/2 =
116 m/s.
We find the angle from
tan = vy/vx = (79.9 m/s)/(83.9 m/s) = 0.952, which gives
= 43.6 below the horizontal.

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