Elkem Poster For Ductile Iron PDF

GRAPHITE STRUCTURES IN CAST IRONS
GRAPHITE DISTRIBUTION IN GREY CAST IRON

TYPE A
GRAPHITE FORMS
Random flake graphite

in a uniform distribution
Diagrammatic representations of the standard graphite forms in cast irons
Form
II
TYPE B
III
Rosette flake graphite
Form
IV
VI
TYPE C
GRAPHITE SIZES IN GREY CAST IRON
Kish graphite
Diagrammatic representations of the standard flake graphite sizes in grey cast iron at
x100 magnification (Form I Distribution A)
(hyper-eutectic compositions)
TYPE D
Largest
Flakes
100mm or more
50 - 100mm
25 - 50mm
12 - 25mm
Undercooled
flake graphite
TYPE E
Largest
Flakes
6 - 12mm
3 - 6mm
1.5 - 3mm
less than 1.5mm
Interdendritic
flake graphite
(hypo-eutectic compositions)
GRAPHITE SIZES IN DUCTILE IRON

Diagrammatic representations of the standard graphite nodule sizes in ductile
iron at x100 magnification(Form VI)
SOME ABNORMAL GRAPHITE FORMS IN DUCTILE IRON

EXPLODED GRAPHITE
Largest
Nodules
25 - 50mm
12 - 25mm
6 - 12mm
Caused by high purity charge materials

and excess rare earth additions in
high carbon equivalent irons or in
thicker section castings
CHUNKY GRAPHITE
Largest
Nodules
3 - 6mm
1.5 - 3mm
less than 1.5mm
Caused by high purity charge

materials and excess rare earth
additions in large section castings
or at high carbon equivalent
INOCULANTS
Elkem manufactures and markets a series of high quality inoculants to treat cast iron
and ensure the production of the ideal graphite form, distribution and freedom from chill (cementite).
Inoculant
Active Elements
Advantages and Uses
Superseed 75/50
Si, Sr
Low Al content. Low eutectic cell count through lower addition rates. High chill reduction.
Foundrisil/Barinoc Si, Ba, Ca, (Al)
High chill reduction. Resistance to fading. Used in all cast irons.
Ultraseed
Si, Ca, Ce, (Al,S,O) High nodule count. Improved nodularity. Helps to prevent micro-shrinkage. Reactivates "dead" irons.
Reseed
Si, Ca, Ce, (Al)
SPIKY GRAPHITE
Caused by small amounts of tramp
elements, e.g. lead, bismuth, antimony
and titanium, in the absence of cerium
High nodule count. Improved nodularity. Controls tramp elements in ductile irons. Low S grey iron.
All inoculants are available in sizes suitable for ladle or in-stream additions. Other inoculants for specialist applications are available.
NODULARISERS
Elkem manufactures and markets a range of high quality nodularising alloys to produce ductile and compacted graphite cast irons.
They contain balanced ratios of the active elements to control reactivity, minimise slag and neutralise tramp elements.
Product
Active Elements
Advantages and Uses
Elmag
Si, Mg, Ca, Rare Earths
Magnesium contents from 4 to 10%. Calcium from 0.2 to 3.5%. Rare Earths from 0.1 to 3%.
Allows the choice of the ideal alloy for all foundry conditions.
Remag
Si, Mg, Ca, Rare Earths
High RE, low Mg alloy for low reactivity. Suited to thin section ductile iron castings.
Lamet
Si, Mg, Ca, La
Alloy for in-the-mould treatment of ductile iron. Helps to prevent shrinkage.
CompactMag
Si,Mg, Ca, Rare Earths
Highly effective alloy for the production of compacted graphite irons with reduced section
sensitivity and wide production window.
Description of a structure should follow the convention

Form : Distribution : Size, e.g. Type IA4 for a grey cast iron Type VI5 for a ductile iron
Revised September 2004 Copyright Elkem ASA
Please refer to your local Elkem representative for further information on the range of products available for grey, compacted and ductile irons.
Barinoc, Elmag, Foundrisil, Remag, Reseed, Superseed and Ultraseed are registered trademarks of Elkem ASA.
CompactMag and Lamet are trademarks of Elkem ASA.
The graphite form, distribution and size diagrams are taken from the international standard EN ISO 945:1994
by kind permission of the British Standards Institution, London. W4 4AL.
Photographs of the graphite structures are reproduced by kind permission of Elkem Research, Kristiansand, Norway
and the Castings Development Centre, Alvechurch. Birmingham. B48 7QB.
www.foundry.elkem.com
Elkem ASA, Foundry Products Division, Hoffsveien 65B, PO Box 5211 Majorstua, N-0303 Oslo, Norway. Tel: +47 22 45 01 00 Fax: +47 22 45 01 52

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GRAPHITE STRUCTURES IN CAST IRONS

GRAPHITE DISTRIBUTION IN GREY CAST IRON

Random flake graphite

Diagrammatic representations of the standard graphite forms in cast irons

Rosette flake graphite

GRAPHITE SIZES IN GREY CAST IRON

less than 1.5mm

GRAPHITE SIZES IN DUCTILE IRON

SOME ABNORMAL GRAPHITE FORMS IN DUCTILE IRON

Caused by high purity charge materials

less than 1.5mm

Caused by high purity charge

Advantages and Uses

Foundrisil/Barinoc Si, Ba, Ca, (Al)

High chill reduction. Resistance to fading. Used in all cast irons.

Si, Ca, Ce, (Al)

Advantages and Uses

Si, Mg, Ca, Rare Earths

Si, Mg, Ca, Rare Earths

Si, Mg, Ca, La

Alloy for in-the-mould treatment of ductile iron. Helps to prevent shrinkage.

Si,Mg, Ca, Rare Earths

Description of a structure should follow the convention

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