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Cement Process Engineering Vade-Mecum: 1. Mathematics

The document provides mathematical formulas and definitions for: - Algebra including exponents, fractions, radicals, factoring, and logarithms. - Trigonometry including definitions for trig functions, identities, and laws of sines, cosines, and tangents. - Plane and solid geometry including formulas for area and volume of shapes like circles, spheres, cylinders, and more.

Uploaded by

Tamer Fathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
289 views

Cement Process Engineering Vade-Mecum: 1. Mathematics

The document provides mathematical formulas and definitions for: - Algebra including exponents, fractions, radicals, factoring, and logarithms. - Trigonometry including definitions for trig functions, identities, and laws of sines, cosines, and tangents. - Plane and solid geometry including formulas for area and volume of shapes like circles, spheres, cylinders, and more.

Uploaded by

Tamer Fathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING

VADE-MECUM

1. MATHEMATICS

Rev. 2002

CEMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING


VADE-MECUM

SECTION 1 MATHEMATICS

Table of Contents
1. Algebra .................................................................................................... 1.1
2. Trigonometry........................................................................................... 1.2
3. Plane Geometry ....................................................................................... 1.3
4. Solid Geometry........................................................................................ 1.4

Index - i
Rev. 2002

CEMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING


VADE-MECUM

1. Algebra
a) Exponents

(a ) (a ) = a
m

m+n

(a ) = a
(am ) (bm ) = (a b)m
m n

am
an

mn

= amn

an

a
=
bn b

a1 / k = k a
1
a n =
an
n

am / n = am
b) Fractions

a c ac
=
b b
b
a c ac
=
b d bd
a c ad a d
=
=
b d bc b c

c) Radicals

(n a )n = a

SECTION 1 MATHEMATICS

a 2 2 ab + b 2 = (a b )2

log x + log y = log( xy )


x
log x log y = log
y

( )

x * log y = log y x
1
log n x = * log x
n
log10 a = 0.4343 In a
In a = 2.3026 log10 a
f) Determinants
Simultaneous equations: ax + by + cz = d ,
ex + fy + gz = h , ix + jy + kz = l
If:

D = e

D1 = h

a d

D2 = e

D1 = e

a =a

n a * n b = n ab

The solution is:

x=

d) Factoring

ax + ay = a( x + y )

a 2 b 2 = (a + b )(a b )

e) Logarithms

n n

a na
=
n
b
b

a3 + b3 = (a + b ) a 2 ab + b2
a3 b3 = (a b ) a 2 + ab + b 2

D1 dfk + bgl + cjh ( cfl + gjd + khb )


=
D
afk + bgi + cje ( cfi + gja + keb )
D 2 ahk + dgi + cie ( chi + gla + ked )
y=
=
D
afk + bgi + cje ( cfi + gja + keb )
D3 afl + bhi + dje ( dfi + hja + leb )
=
z=
D afk + bgi + cje ( cfi + gja + keb )

a 2 + 2 ab + b 2 = (a + b )2

1.1
Rev. 2002

CEMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING


VADE-MECUM
g) Quadratic Equation

SECTION 1 MATHEMATICS

b) Right Triangle

ax 2 + bx + c = 0
c

b b 2 4 ac
x=
2a

If:
- b 2 4 ac > 0 , the roots are real and unequal.
-

pico = 10 12

deka = 101

( da )

nano = 10

hecto = 10

(h)

c) Any Triangle

h) Power of Ten

( p)
(n)

( ) micro = 10
( m ) milli = 10
(c)
(d )

a
sin A =
c
b
cos A =
c
a
tan A =
b

b 2 4 ac = 0 , the roots are real and equal.


b 2 4 ac < 0 , the roots are imaginary.

centi = 10 2
deci = 10

kilo = 10

mega = 10

(k )
6

giga = 10 9
tera = 10

12

(M )
(G )

c
a
c
sec A =
b
b
cot A =
a
csc A =

C
b

A
c

(T )
Law of sines

a) General Relationships

a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C

sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1

Law of cosines

2. Trigonometry

sec 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A
csc 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
1
1
sin A =
cos A =
csc A
sec A
sin A
cos A
tan A =
cot A =
cos A
sin A
sin ( A + B ) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
2

sin A = 2 sin A cos A


cos 2 A

= cos 2 A sin 2 A

= 1 2 sin 2 A , = 2 cos 2 A 1
1 cos A
=
2
1 cos A
=
1 + cos A

A
sin
2
A
tan
2
A
1 + cos A
cos =
2
2

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2 ac cos B
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2 ab cos C
Law of tangents

A B
2 = a b
A+ B a +b
tan
2
BC
tan
2 = bc
B+C b+c
tan
2
AC
tan
2 = ac
A+C a +c
tan
2
tan

where a > b

where b > c

where a > c

1.2
Rev. 2002

CEMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING


VADE-MECUM

SECTION 1 MATHEMATICS

Newton's formula

c
sin

C
2

a+b
A B
cos
2

3. Plane Geometry
a) Rectangle

b+c+d
2
( p a )( p b )( p c )
2
p
tan =
pa
If p =

tan =
2

tan =
Area
S
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

b
b) Parallelogram

( p a )( p b )( p c )
p
pb
( p a )( p b )( p c )
p
pc

c) Triangle

Area: 0.5 * a * b

b+c+d
2
Area: p * ( p b ) * ( p c ) * ( p d )
If p =

d) Circle

s
h
r

ac sin B
2
ab sin C
2

x
x
sinh x = e + e
2
x
x
cosh x = e + e
2

d
b

bc sin A
2

d) Hyperbolic

Area: a * b

2 , p( p a )( p b )( p c )

a 2 sin B sin C
2 sin A
2
b sin A sin C
2 sin B
2
c sin A sin B
2 sin C

Area: a * b

Tangents of half angles

c
Circumference: = D , = 2r

Area:

2
2
= 0.25D , = r

0.25c 2 + h 2
=
2h

= 2 * h * ( D h ) , = 2rsin

1.3
Rev. 2002

CEMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING


VADE-MECUM

2
2
= r r 0.25c

SECTION 1 MATHEMATICS

i)

Polygon
s

D , = 0.01745 r
360

Area

= 0.5*n*s*r

e) Circular Sector

Where:
n is the number of sides

= 0.5 rs, = 0.008727 r2 ( in )

Area

f) Circular Segment

h
r

j)

Area = nr 2 tan

5
6
7
8
9
10

1.7205 s2
2.5981 s2
3.6339 s2
4.8284 s2
6.1818 s2

Trapezoid

= 0.5 (rs - c*(r-h))

Area

2
= r

c* ( r h )
*
360
2

c
Area

Area

2
( D d2 )
4

= 0.5 [b*(H+h) + ch + aH]

4. Solid Geometry
a) Cube

h) Ellipse

a
A

g) Circular Ring

180
n

Area

Aa
4

b
Volume:
Surface area:

= abc
= 2(ab+bc+ca)

1.4
Rev. 2002

CEMENT PROCESS ENGINEERING


VADE-MECUM

SECTION 1 MATHEMATICS

b) Cylinder

f) Sphere

Volume =

D3

Surface area = D 2

Volume

2
D h

g) Segment of a Sphere

Surface area: = Dh (without end surface)


= D (0.5D + h) (with end surface)

c) Pyramid

Volume

c + 4h
h
= h2

area of base
h
3
perimeter of base
s
Lateral area =
2

Sphere surface

d) Cone

h) Sector of a Sphere

Volume

Volume =

Surface area = r

(r

+h

r + rR + R h
3
Surface area = s ( R + r )
=

r ( 4h + c )

h
R

Volume

Torus

r
s

2
r 2h
3

Total surface =

r
i)

e) Frustum of a Cone

Volume =

r h

8h

(
c2 + 4h2 )
4
2
= (c + 8 rh )
4

Total surf

D d2

Volume (compl ring)

Surface (

= 2 Dd

"

1.5
Rev. 2002

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