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English Grammar Master

11

bx.%Sis jHdlrK

(English Grammar)

English Grammar In Sinhala

English Grammar Master

11

mgqk-Contents
msgqj

kdumo - Nouns..
kdumo taljpk nyqjpk - Nouns Singular & Plural...................
,sx. fNaoh - Gender..
ij kdu - Pronouns....
kdu fYaIK - Adjectives...
kdu fYaIK mo iei|Su - Comparison Of Adjectives.
l%shd mo - Verbs.
l%shd fYaIK - Adverbs.......
l%shd fYaIK mo iei|Su - Comparison Of Adverbs....
Wm l%shd mo - Auxiliary Verbs.
hq., ls%hd mo - Phrasal Verbs.
kssmd; mo - Prepositions............
m%YaK weiSu - Interrogatives - (Asking Questions).
wdl,a mo - Articles..
ld, fNaoh - Tense................
ika ksmd; - Conjunctions
l;D ldrl iy lu ldrl - Active Voice & Passive Voice
rdu ,l+Kq - Punctuation Marks.................
m%ia;dj msre - Proverbs............
fl fh - Abbreviations...
bx.%Sis idm%odhsl fh - English Idioms........

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NOUNS kdumo

kdu mohla hkq kuls flkl+f.a hlsis NdKavhl if;l+f.a fyda h fohla ykajk
moh kdumohls kdumo j. jYfhka fnosh yel tajd fufiah
Kinds of nouns
kdumo j.
1) Proper nouns
ixKdu
2) Common nouns
fmd kdu
3) Collective nouns
iuQy kdu
4) Abstract nouns
Ndjjdpl kdu

English Grammar In Sinhala

English Grammar Master

11

I.

Proper nouns - ixKdu

hlsis mqoa.,fhl+ rgla .ula jeks fohla ykajk kdumo ixKdu fProper
nouns jdlHhl fld;kl ,sfoS jqjo tajdfhau uq, wl+r Capital Letters (f,dl+
wl+re) j,skau ,sh hq;+uh
ksoiqka
St. Marys Collage, St. Marys Convent, Sita, Mala, Sri Lanka, America,
USA, UK,
India, Russia, Colombo, Kegalle, Kandy, Chilaw,
Dutugamunu Maha Vidyalaya
Mahaweli river, Red sea,
Amerson river, Amerson rainforest
II.

Common nouns - fmd kdu

je fofkl+ yg fmdf jHjydr l< yels kdumo fmd kdu hkqfjka ye|skaf
ksoiqkA
man, boy, tree, river, house, game, women, children, girl, dog,
table, country, town
III.

Collective nouns - iuQy kdu

h msrsila fyda h foaj,a tlg tl;+fuka iEfok iuQyhla ye|kau i|yd fhfok
kdu iuQy kdu k f
ksoiqkA
class, army, crowd, group, team, flock, family, parliament
IV.

Abstract nouns - Ndjjdpl kdu

hlsis .+Khla l%shdjla fyda ;;ajhla ykajk kdu Ndjjdpl kdu kka
ykajhs
ksoiqkA
honesty, kindness, theft, angry, goodness, childhood, kingship,
judgement, youth

NOUNS SINGULAR & PLURAL

kdumo taljpk nyqjpk

tl fohla fyda tlaflfkl+ .ek lshk g th taljpk f tllg je fohla fyda je

fofkl+ .ek lshk g th nyq jpk f

English Grammar In Sinhala

English Grammar Master

11

i.

bx.%Sis NdIdf je fldgila kdumoh w.g s wl+r tl;+ fuka

nyqjpkh iEfoa
singular -taljpk
door
cat
boy

bird
book
car
day
tree
house

ii.

plural - nyqjpk
fodr
mQid
msrs <uhd
l+re,a,d
fmd;
ldtl
oskh$oji
.i
f.h

lash
bush

houses

plural nyqjpk

limyr
mr
watch
bench
benches
foxes
boxes
class
classes
kisses
tomatoes
buffaloes

lashes
bushes
Trf,daiqj
watches
nxl+j
fox
krshd
box
fmh
mka;sh
kiss
ydoao
tomato
;lald,s f.h
buffalo
yrld

o wl+rska wjikajk we;e kdumo j,g s wl+rla muKla tl;+

fuka nyqjpkh iEfoa
singular -taljpk

plural nyqjpk

Photo

photos
pianos
kilos
embryos
kimonos

piano

iv.

boys
birds
books
cars
days
trees

o, sh, ch, x, ss, hk wre;aj,ska fl,jr jk fndfyda kdumo j, w.g

es tl;+ fukau tajdfhau nyqjpkh iEfoa
singular -taljpk

iii.

doors
cats

cdhdrEmh
mshdfkdaj
kilo
lsf,daj
embryo
l<,rEmh
kimono
os.lndh

kdumohla w.g y wl+r fhfoak y wl+r bj;a ies tl;+

nyqjpkh iEfoa
singular -taljpk
butterfly
puppy

English Grammar In Sinhala

plural nyqjpk
iuk,hd
nl+lald

butterflies
puppies

English Grammar Master

11

baby
lady
story

city

pony
v.

<orejd
ldka;dj
l;dkaorh
k.rh
fmdakshd

taljpkfha w.g y wl+r fhoS ;snqk;a tu wl+rgfmr iajr wl+rla

( a, e, i, o, u ) hk wl+re j,ska tlla fhoS we;ak y wl+r bj;a
fkd s wl+rla muKla tl;+ nyqjpkh iEfoa
singular -taljpk
donkey

plural nyqjpk
-

day
boy
boys
valleys
vi.

babies
ladies
stories
cities
ponies

nQrejd
oskh$oji
msrs <uhd
valley
hdj;

kdumohl w. wl+r f fyda fe k tys f wl+r bj;a ves

tl;+ fuka nyqjpkh iEfoa
singular taljpk
nyqjpk
wife
knife
thief

life
loaf
calf

wolf

leaf
self

vii.

donkeys
days

rs|
msysh
fydrd
cS;h
mdkaf.h
jiqmehd
jDlhd
fld,h
rdlalh

plural
wives
knives
thieves
lives
loaves
calves
wolves
leaves
selves

f wl+frka wjika fjk iuyr jpk s wl+r muKla tl;+fuka nyqjpkh

iEfok wjia:do we;

singular taljpk
nyqjpk

plural

hoof
l+rh ^i;+kaf.a&
hoofs
chief
m%Odkshd
chiefs
staff
uKav,h ^ldHh
uKav,h&
staffs
roof
jy,
roofs
dwarf
l+regd
dwarfs
gulf
wd.dOh
gulfs
safe
fiamamqj
safes
serf
odihd
serfs
proof
fidaOH m;%h
proofs
viii.

we;e kdumoj, ueo wl+r fjkia fuka nyqjpkh iEfoa

singular taljpk

English Grammar In Sinhala

plural

English Grammar Master

11
ix.

nyqjpk

tooth

o;
man
goose
geese
woman
%sh$.eyeKsh
women
mouse
hd
mice
foot
md wh$mdoh
louse
Wl+Kd
teeth
men

feet
lice

iuyr kdumo w.g en tl;+ fuka nyq jpk iEfoa tjeks mo we;af;a
b;diaj,amhls

singular taljpk
nyqjpk

x.

ksid
md;a;hd
ia;

plural

child
<uhd
children
ox
f.dkd
oxen
iuyr kdumoj, taljpkh iy nyqjpkh tliudkh
singular
- taljpk
york
deer
sheep

plural nyqjpk

h.y
uqjd
cannon
dozen swine
-

xi.

york
deer
negjd
ld,;+jlal+j
isu
W!rd

sheep
cannon
dozen
swine

we;e kdumoj,g taljpk iajrEmhla ke; nyqjpk iajrEmh muKS

taljpkfhaoS;a nyqjpkfhaoS;a nyqjpk iqjrEmfhkau fhfoa
bellows
uhskyu
billiards
fnda,fi l
%Svdj
gallows
fmdarlh
trousers
l,siu
pincers
wqj
scissors
l;
+r
spectacles lKakd l+gu
victuals
wdydrmdk

xii.

Y% kdumo f,i ykajk my; i|yka jdlHhj, nyqjpkh iEfok whqre n,kak
singular
- taljpk
son
brother
daughter
sister
mother
father
grand-mother
grand-father
grand-daughter
daughters grand-son

English Grammar In Sinhala

plural nyqjpk
mq;d
ifydaorhd
j
ifydaorsh
wud
;d;a;d
wd
iShd
Ksrsh
uqKqnqrd

sons
brothers
daoghters
sisters
mothers
fathers
grand-mothers
grand-fathers
grand-

English Grammar Master

11

grand-sons
elder-brotherwhshd
elder-brothers
elder-sister
wlald
elder-sisters
younger-brother
u,a,S
younger-brothers
younger-sister
kx.s
younger-sisters
son-in-law
nEkd
sons-in-law
daughter-in-law
f,a,s
daughters-in-law
mother-in-law
kekaod
mothers-in-law
father-in-law
udud
fathers-in-law
sister-inlaw
f,a,s
sisters-in-law
brother-in-law
uiaiskd
brothers-in-law
step-mother
fojk uj
step-mothers
step-father
fojk mshd
step-fathers
step-son
fojk jdyfha mq;d step-sons
step-daughter
fojk jdyfha j
step-daughters
man-of-war
hqO kej
men-of-war
bus-halt
niakej;+u
bus-halts
gas-cooker
.Eial+lrh
gas-cookers

xiii.

.Kka l< fkdyels kdu ^uncountable nouns & f,I ykajk kdu mohkayS
tal jpk yd nyq jpk fohla fkdue;
water
soil
sand
n;a
mud
ue,sh$.
paste
mdka
f;,a
rerh$f,a
lsrs
l+Kq$yq,s

English Grammar In Sinhala

c,h
mia
je,s
sugar
tea
meat
beer

ink
rain
rice
uv
-

gum
mdmam
iSks
f;a
uia
ra

;Ska;
jeiai
yd,a fyda
bread
oil
blood
milk
dust

English Grammar Master

11

GENDER
,sx. fNaoh

bx.%Sis jHdlrK j,oS kdumo m%Odk jYfhka fldgia y;rlg fnfoa

1) MASCULINE GENDER

mqreI ,sx.

2) FEMININE GENDER
3) COMMON GENDER
4) NEUTER GENDER

ia;%S ,sx.
fmd ,sx.
kmqxil ,sx.

1) , 2) MASCULINE GENDER & FEMININE GENDER

mqreI ,sx. iy ia;%S ,sx.

mqreI ,sx. kdumo ia;%S ,sx.fhaoS fndfydag fjkia f,i Nd;d f

we;e g wl+re lsSmhla tl;+ fuka ia;%S ,sx. kdu ilia f tjeks
kdumo rdYshla my; i|yka f
masculine
feminine
abbot

wdY%dudm;s
wdY%dudm;sksh
actor
kjd
author
l;D
baron
jxYdm;shd
benefactor ys;j;d
conductor md,lhd
^fldkafodia;r&
^fldkafodia;rjrsh&
count
isgqjrhd
deacon
m,a,sfha Wmia:dhlhd
Wmia:dhljrsh
duke
wdosmdojrhd
wdosmdojrsh
emperor w.rc
enchanter bkacd,slhd
founder
wdrNl ;eke;a;d
giant
fhdaohd
god
foaj;djd
heir
Wreulaldrhd
Wreulaldrsh
host
wd.ka;+l i;aldr lrkakd
lrkaksh
hunter
ovhlaldrhd
instructor WmfoaYlhd
Jew
hqfojd
hqfoh
lion
isxyhd
manager l<ukdlre

English Grammar In Sinhala

abbess

actress
authoress
baroness
benefactressconductress

ks<sh
l;+jrsh
jxYdm;sksh
ys;j;sh
md,ljrsh

countess
deaconess

isgqjrsh
m,a,sfha

duchess

empress
enchantress foundress
giantess
goddess
heiress

w./csksh
bkacd,sldj
wdrNl ;eke;a;sh
fhdaosh
foaj;dh
-

hostess

huntress
instructress Jewess

ovhlaldrsh
WmfoaYljrsh
-

lioness
manageress -

isxyfkqj
l<ukdldrjrsh

wd.ka i;a

English Grammar Master

master
mayor
murderer negro
cd;slldka;dj
ogre
patron
poet
priest
preceptor prince
prophet
shepherd songster sorcerer
steward
tailor
tiger
traitor
;eke;a;sh
waiter
fialdj
bachelor beau
boy
bridegroom
brother
bull (ox)
boar
bullock
cock
colt
dog
drake
executor father
fianc
;eke;a;sh
friar
fox
gander
md;a;hd
gentleman he
hero
him
Hound
husband king
lad
-

11

iajdhd$yshd
k.rdm;shd
kSurejd
kSf.%da cd;slhd

mistress
mayoress
murderess negress

iajdj
k.rdm;sksh
kSurk.eyeKsh
kSf.%da

rlaIhd
wkqYdil
lhd
mQclhd
wdpdhjrhd
l+udrhd
Ydia;Djrhd
tfrd
.dhlhd
uka;%ldrhd
Ndrldrhd
we uikakd
fldhd
fdayshd

ogress
patroness
poetess
priestess
preceptress princess
prophetess shepherdess songstress sorceress
stewardess tailoress
tigress
traitress

rlaIsh
wkqYdiljrsh
ls|sh
mQcljrsh
wdpdhjrsh
l+udrsh
Ydia;Djrsh
.eyeKq tfrd
.dhsldj
uka;%ldrsh
Ndrldrsh
we uikakS
fld fok
fdays

fNdackYd,df fiajlhd

waitress

wjdylhd
yevldrhd
msrs <uhd
ukud,hd
ifydaorhd
f.dkd
W!rd
jiaid
l+l+<d
;reK wYajhd
n,a,d
;drdjd
nQo,hl n,ldrhd
mshd
jdy .si.;a ;eke;a;d

spinster
belle
girl
bride
sister
cow
sow
heifer
hen
filly
bitch
duck
executrix
mother
fiance

;dmihd ^lf;da,sl&
krshd
msrs md;a;hd

nun
vixen

uy;auhd
Tyq
rhd
Tyq
ovh n,a,d
iajdmqreIhd
rc;+ud
fld,a,d , .egjrhd

lady
she
heroine
her
Brach
wife
queen
lass
-

English Grammar In Sinhala

goose

fNda Yd

wjdyl ia;%Sh
yevld ^iqkao&
.eyeKq <uhd
ukud,S
ifydaorsh
t<fok
Brs
jeiaiS
lsls<sh
;reK fj<U
ne,a,s
;drd .eyeKq i;d
tu ldka;dj
uj
tu
lkHdjrsh
krsfok
.eyeKq
uy;ah
weh
rjrsh
weh
ovh ne,a,s
Ndhdj
/csk
fl,a, , ,iaish

10

English Grammar Master

11

lord
iajdhd
ia;%sh
male
msrs
man
ksyd
monk
NslaIqj
Mr.
uy;auhd
nephew
nEkd
proprietor whs;sldrhd
ram
negjd
sir
uy;auhd
son
mq;d
stag
f.dakd
uncle
udud
wizard
uka;%ldrhd
buck-rabbit
msrs ydjd
ydjd
bull-calf
msrs jiq mehd
mehd
boy scout nd,olaIhd
he-goat
tjd ^msrs&
^.eyeKq&
he-bear
j,yd ^msrs&
jack-ass
nQrejd
landlord
bvyshd
manservant
fiajlhd
milkman lsrsldrhd
peacock
fudKrd
fudkrs ^finv&
cock
l+l+<d
washer man
froswmq,a,kakd
fros wmq,a,k ia;%sh

3)

lady

wdhdj,

female
woman
non
Mrs.
niece
proprietress eve
madam
daughter
hind
aunt
witch
doe-rabbit

.eyeKq
.eyeKsh
NslaIqKsh
uy;ah
f,a,s
whs;sldrsh
neg fok
fkdakd
j
f.dak foakqj
kekaod
uka;%ldrsh
.eyeKq

cow-calf

.eyeKq jiq

girl guide
she-goat

nd, olaIsldj
tjd

she-bear
jenny-ass
landlady
maidservant milkmaid
peahen

je,yskak
nQrefok
bv ysldrsh
fialdj
lsrsldrsh
-

hen

lsls<sh
washer woman-

COMMON GENDER
fmd ,sx.

mqreI ,sx. fyda ia;%S ,sx. fNaaohla fkdmj;ajk kdumo we; tajd fmd ,sx.
fyj;a iu,sx. f,i ykajhs tjeks kdumo lSmhla olajd we; fjd ia;%S iyd
mqreI ,sx.hkayS iuj fhosh yel

adult
baby

jeyshd
<uhd $

cat
friend
companion comrade %aujka;hd
guardian -

n<,d
hyjd
idudcslhd
iydhlhd

child
cook
cousin
darling

<uhd
fldalshd
;shd
fm

Ndrldrhd

guest

wuq;a;d

English Grammar In Sinhala

orejd

animal
bird

i;d
l+re,a,d

11

English Grammar Master

11

infant
+rd
judge
parent
pupil
neighbor
student
visitor
traveller

<orejd

kvqldrhd
uj fyda mshd
isiqjd
wi,a jeishd
mdie,a isiqjd
wd.ka;+lhd
.ukalrkakd

enemy
owner
passenger
person
singer
teacher
tourist
thief

i;

whs;sldrhd
u.shd
mqoa.,hd
.dhlhd
.+rejrhd
ixpdrlhd
fydrd

fmd ,sx. kdumo ia;%S yd mqreI ,sx.hkayS iudkj fhosh yels w;r ,sx.
fNaoh fjkalro fmkah yel

ex:- Prasanna is a little child

Nisha is a little child

m%ikak l+vd <ufhls

kSId l+vd <ufhls

I have a male child and a female child

msrs orefjl+

ug .eyeKq orefjl+ iy

iskjd

4)

NEUTER GENDER
fmd ,sx.

ia;%S ,sx. fyda mqreI ,sx. fNaohla fkdue;sj wm%dKsl jia;+ j,g fhfok kdu
kmqxil ,sx. kdumo f,i ye|skaf

bag
bread
church
door

nE.h
mdka
m,a,sh
fodr

English Grammar In Sinhala

box
chair

desk

house

fmh
mqgqj
fviala tl
f.h

12

English Grammar Master

11

PRONOUNS

,

. 6
.
1)
PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Singular

Plural
us/you/them

I
you
he/she/it
we/you/they

me
you
him/her/it

(Subject)
.
*
The teacher is in the class room. He (Teacher) is teaching English.
. () .
*
.

English Grammar In Sinhala

he