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Computer Generations 1964

The third generation of computers (1964-1971) used integrated circuits, which miniaturized transistors onto silicon chips. This drastically increased speed and efficiency while allowing computers to run multiple applications at once using an operating system. Computers also became smaller, cheaper, and accessible to a mass audience through keyboards and monitors. The fourth generation (1971-present) saw the development of microprocessors, which placed thousands of integrated circuits onto a single chip. This further miniaturized computers, leading to devices people could hold in their hands. Networks of linked microprocessor computers eventually contributed to the Internet. The fifth generation (present and beyond) aims to develop artificial intelligence through techniques like parallel processing, with goals like natural language interaction and machine learning.

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18 views1 page

Computer Generations 1964

The third generation of computers (1964-1971) used integrated circuits, which miniaturized transistors onto silicon chips. This drastically increased speed and efficiency while allowing computers to run multiple applications at once using an operating system. Computers also became smaller, cheaper, and accessible to a mass audience through keyboards and monitors. The fourth generation (1971-present) saw the development of microprocessors, which placed thousands of integrated circuits onto a single chip. This further miniaturized computers, leading to devices people could hold in their hands. Networks of linked microprocessor computers eventually contributed to the Internet. The fifth generation (present and beyond) aims to develop artificial intelligence through techniques like parallel processing, with goals like natural language interaction and machine learning.

Uploaded by

Angelo Minaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Generations 1964-Present

Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits


The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Instead

of

punched

cards

and

printouts, users

interacted

with

third generation

computers

through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run
many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for
the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their
predecessors.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors


The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were
built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of
the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computerfrom
the central processing unit and memory to input/output controlson a single chip.

In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more
and more everyday products began to use microprocessors.

As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development
of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

Fifth Generation
Intelligence

(Present

and

Beyond)

Artificial

Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there
are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel
processing and

superconductors

is

helping

to

make

artificial

intelligence

reality. Quantum

computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to
come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input
and are capable of learning and self-organization.

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