Homework-1

Page 25:

17
a)
Number of
nonconforming
transducers
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Frequency

Relative Frequency
(Frequency/60)

7
12
13
14
6
3
3
1
1
Total=

0.117
0.200
0.217
0.233
0.100
0.050
0.050
0.017
0.017
1.001

b) The number of batches with at most 5 nonconforming transducers =

7+12+13+14+6+3 = 55
Therefore, the required proportion will be = 55/60 = 0.91666667
The number of batches with fewer than 5 nonconforming transducers =
7+12+13+14+6 =52
Therefore, the required proportion will be = 52/60 = 0.86666667
The number of batches with at least 5 nonconforming transducers = 3+3+1+1
=8
Therefore, the required proportion will be = 8/60 = 0.13333333
c) This is the required histogram
Features of the Histogram:
1) There is a lot of variation in this data.
2) There is some positive skewness in the data.

0.25

0.2

0.15

Relative FrequencyA
0.1

0.05

Number of nonconforming transducers

19
a)

Number of
Particles
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Frequency

1
2
3
12
11
15
18
10
12
4
5
3
1
2
1

Relative
Frequency(Frequency/1
00)
.01
.02
.03
.12
.11
.15
.18
.10
.12
.04
.05
.03
.01
.02
.01

The proportion of wafers that contained at least one particle = (100-1)/100 =

99/100 =0.99
The proportion of wafers containing at least 5 particles = (100-1-2-3-12-11)/100 =
71/100 =0.71
b) The proportion of the sampled wafers containing between 5 and 10 particles
(inclusive) =
(15+18+10+12+4+5)/100 = 64/100 =0.64
The proportion of the sampled wafers containing strictly between 5 and 10
particles =
(18+10+12+4)/100 = 44/100 =0.44

c)
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12

Realtive Frequency

0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Number of Particles

The histogram is almost symmetric and unimodal.

It has a few relative maxima (i.e., modes) and has a very slight positive skew.

27.
a) It is not possible because the endpoints of the class intervals overlap with each
other. For example,
the value 50 falls in both of the intervals 0 50 and 50 100

b)
Class Interval
0 - < 50
50 - < 100
100 - < 150
150 - < 200
200 - < 250
250 - < 300
300 - < 350
350 - < 400
400 - < 450
450 - < 500
500 - < 550

Frequency
9
19
11
4
2
2
1
1
0
0
1

Relative Frequency
0.18
0.38
0.22
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.02

The histogram is skewed to the right and there are no elements in the 400 500
range.

c)
Class Interval
2.25 - < 2.75
2.75 - < 3.25
3.25 - < 3.75
3.75 - < 4.25
4.25 - < 4.75
4.75 - < 5.25
5.25 - < 5.75
5.75 - < 6.25

Frequency
2
2
3
8
18
10
4
3

Relative Frequency
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.16
0.36
0.20
0.08
0.06

The distribution of the natural logs of the original data(lifetime) is much more
symmetric than the original.

d) The proportion of lifetime observations in this sample that are less than 100 is =
(0.18 +0 .38) = 0.56

The proportion of lifetime observations in this sample that are at least 200 is =
(0.04 + 0.04 + 0.02 +
0.02 + 0.02) = 0.14.

Page 34
34.
a) Total number of total points in urban sample (n = 11)
Sum of all the data points in the urban sample = (6.0 + 5.0 + 11.0 + 33.0 +
4.0 + 5.0 + 80.0 + 18.0 +
35.0 + 17.0 + 23.0)
= 237.0
Sample mean for Urban sample = (237.0)/11 = 21.5454545

Total number of total points in farm home sample (n = 15)

Sum of all the data points in the farm home sample = (4.0 + 14.0 + 11.0 +
9.0 + 9.0 + 8.0 + 4.0 +
20.0 +5.0 + 8.9
+ 21.0 + 9.2 + 3.0 + 2.0 + 0.3)
= 128.4
Sample mean for farm home sample = (128.4)/15 = 8.56
Therefore, from the above results we can see that the sample mean of the
Urban case is more than
that of farm home case.

b) i) We have to put all the points in the numerical order (ascending order) to find
the sample median.
Numerical order for the Urban sample: (n=11)
4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 6.0, 11.0, 17.0, 18.0, 23.0, 33.0, 35.0, 80.0
As the value of n is odd, therefore the median will be the (n+1)/2 th value =
(11+1)/2 =6th value
Therefore, the median for the Urban sample is = 17.0
Similarly,
Numerical order for the farm home sample: (n=15)
0.3, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 8.9, 9.0, 9.0, 9.2, 11.0, 12.0, 14.0, 20.0, 21.0
As the value of n is odd, therefore the median will be the (n+1)/2 th value =

(15+1)/2 =8th
value. Therefore, the median for the farm home sample is = 8.9
And from the above results we can see that the sample median of the Urban sample
is greater than that of farm home sample

ii) The mean of the Urban Sample differs from the median because the largest
sample observations are
much further from the median than are the smallest values.

41.
a) Value of the sample proportion of successes (x/n) = 7/10 =0.7
b) When S is replaced by 1 and F is replaced by 0, it would look like
1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1

= (1+1+1+1+1+1+1)/10 = 7/10 = 0.7

and proportion of success are both numerically equal.

c) S/25 = 0.8
Therefore, S= 25*(0.8) = 20
20 7(We already have 7 S) = 13 of the new cars would have to be successes

Page 43
44.
a) Range = 49.3 -23.5 = 25.8
b)

xi

( xi

x
29.5
49.3
30.6

( x i x )2

-1.53
18.27
-0.43

2.3409
333.7929
0.1849

x i2

)
870.25
2430.49
936.36

28.2
28.0
26.3
33.9
29.4
23.5
31.6

-2.83
-3.03
-4.73
2.87
-1.63
-7.53
0.57

8.0089
9.1809
22.3729
8.2369
2.6569
56.7009
0.3249

x i = 310.3

= 310.3/10 = 31.03

x i2

= 10072.41

( x i x )

=0

x
( i x )2 = 443.801

Therefore,

c) s =

d)

s2

x
( i x )2 / 9 = 443.801/9 = 49.311

s =

49.311

x
2

2
x ( n)
s 2=
n1

where n=10

55.

= 7.022

= (10,072.41 - (

310.32 ) /10)/9 = 49.311

795.24
784.00
691.69
1149.21
864.36
552.25
998.56

a) First we have to retrieve the data from the given steam and leaf display and it
will be :
325 ,325 ,334 ,339 ,356 ,356 ,359 ,359 ,363 ,364 ,364 ,366 ,369 ,370 ,373 ,373 ,
374 ,375 ,389 ,392 ,393
394 ,397 ,402 ,403 ,424.
To find the fourth spread, we have to divide the given data set into 2 equal parts
(lower and upper and will find their respective medians)
Lower: 325 ,325 ,334 ,339 ,356 ,356 ,359 ,359 ,363 ,364 ,364 ,366 ,369 (no of
points =13)
Upper: 370 ,373 ,373 ,374 ,375 ,389 ,392 ,393 ,394 ,397 ,402 ,403 ,424 (no of
points =13)
Median of lower data set : (13+1)/2 th value = 7 th value = 359 ( Q 1
Median of upper data set : (13+1)/2 th value = 7 th value = 392
Therefore, value of fourth spread(IQR) will be =

Q3Q1

(Q3)

= 392-359 = 33

b) 1.5*(IQR) = 1.5*33 = 49.5

If any value is below ( Q149.5=309.5

it will be considered as an outliner and

similarly if any
value is more than ( Q 3 +49.5=441.5

it will also be considered as an outliner.

Minimum and Maximum points/observations in the data are 325 and 424
respectively. So, we can
see that there is no point below 309.5 and above 441.5
Therefore, there are no outliners.

3*(IQR) = 3*33 = 99
If any value is below ( Q 1 - 99 = 260) it will be considered as an extreme
outliner and similarly if any
value is more than ( Q 3 +99 = 491) it will also be considered as an extreme
outliner.
Minimum and Maximum points/observations in the data are 325 and 424
respectively. So, we can

see that there is no point below 260 and above 491.

Therefore, there are no extreme outliners.
c)

Features of Boxplot:
Slight positive skew to the data, but it is not far from being symmetric. The
variation is large.

d) The value x = 424 can be lowered till the upper quartile value of 392 and it will
have no affect on the
value of the fourth spread. Therefore, the value x = 424 could not be decreased
by more than 424392 = 32 units.

Page 47
69.

a) x =
y =(

xi
n

and

(a x i+ b)
)
n

y =

yi
n
x

i
= (a x i+ nb)/n = a n +b = a x + b

This is the required relation between

x y .

Similarly,

s y2

( y i y )2
n1

(a x i+ b ( a x +b ))2
n1

a2 . s x 2
This is the required relation.

b)

= [ (9/5)*(87.3) ] + 32 =189.14

s y= sy2

1.04

9 2
( )
5

3.5044

= 1.872

a x ia x

xi x

2
a2