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Parameters
(Units & Definition)

Methodology

NASA Surface meteorology and Solar

Energy - Available Tables
Latitude 31.326 / Longitude 77.415 was chosen.
Elevation: 2757 meters
taken from the
NASA GEOS-4
model elevation

Geometry Information
Northern boundary
32
Center
Latitude 31.5
Longitude 77.5

Western boundary
77

Eastern boundary
78

Southern boundary
31

Parameters for Sizing and Pointing of Solar Panels and for Solar Thermal
Applications:
Monthly Averaged Insolation Incident On A Horizontal Surface (kWh/m 2/day)
Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual
Average

22-year Average 3.58 4.26 5.38 6.49 7.21 6.87 5.59 5.15 5.41 5.41 4.42 3.52

5.27

Minimum And Maximum Difference From Monthly Averaged Insolation (%)

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan Feb Mar

Apr May
-12

-14

Jun Jul

Aug

Sep Oct Nov

Dec

Minimum

-9

-24

-20

-14 -12

-11

-15

-24

-16

-16

Maximum

17

23

25
16
12
17 24
Parameter Definition

26

19

12

19

Monthly Averaged Diffuse Radiation Incident On A Horizontal Surface (kWh/m 2/day)

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual
Average

22-year Average

0.83 1.14 1.45 1.73 1.92 2.22 2.42 2.22 1.66 0.86 0.57 0.67

1.48

Minimum

0.52 0.66 0.77 1.21 1.50 1.74 2.08 1.88 1.23 n/a 0.35 0.28

n/a

Maximum

0.96 1.40 1.75 1.99 2.25 2.46 2.47 2.26 1.87 1.40 0.93 0.90

1.72

22-year Average
K

0.62 0.60 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.59 0.49 0.49 0.58 0.71 0.73 0.66

0.61

Minimum K

0.56 0.45 0.49 0.55 0.55 0.51 0.43 0.43 0.49 0.54 0.61 0.55

0.51

Maximum K

0.73 0.74 0.76 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.61 0.61 0.69 0.80 0.78 0.79

0.72

NOTE:

Diffuse radiation, direct normal radiation and tilted surface radiation are not
calculated when the clearness index (K) is below 0.3 or above 0.8.
Parameter Definition
Monthly Averaged Direct Normal Radiation (kWh/m2/day)

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual
Average

22-year Average 6.21 6.07 6.65 7.31 7.81 6.81 4.64 4.41 6.07 8.43 8.35 6.77

6.63

Minimum And Maximum Difference From Monthly Averaged Direct Normal

Radiation (%)
Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan Feb Mar

Apr

May

Jun Jul Aug

Sep Oct Nov

Dec

Minimum

-17

-9

-5

-11

-11

-9

-8

-10

n/a

-12

-6

Maximum

17

23

26

16

10

19

41

43

21

14

NOTE:

Diffuse radiation, direct normal radiation and tilted surface radiation are not
calculated when the clearness index (K) is below 0.3 or above 0.8.
Parameter Definition

Solar Geometry:
Monthly Averaged Maximum Solar Angle Relative To The Horizon (degrees)
Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415
Average

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

37.9 46.2 56.8 68.3 77.5 81.7 79.8 72.4 61.7 50.2 40.4 35.7
Parameter Definition

Monthly Averaged Hourly Solar Angles Relative To The Horizon (degrees)

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun
0.21 1.95

Jul
n/a

Aug Sep
n/a

n/a

Oct

Nov Dec

0000 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

0100 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

6.98 12.3 13.7 11.5 8.25 4.69 0.67

n/a

n/a

0200 GMT

1.20 5.04 11.9 19.7 24.9 26.1 23.9 20.9 17.4 13.0 7.67 3.31

0300 GMT

12.3 16.9 24.3 32.5 37.7 38.7 36.6 33.7 30.0 24.8 18.6 13.9

0400 GMT

22.2 27.8 36.0 44.9 50.5 51.5 49.4 46.3 41.9 35.4 28.1 23.2

0500 GMT

30.4 37.0 46.4 56.4 62.9 64.2 62.1 58.4 52.3 44.0 35.5 30.4

0600 GMT

35.9 43.6 54.0 65.3 73.6 76.1 73.8 68.4 59.7 49.2 39.8 34.8

0700 GMT

37.9 46.2 56.8 68.2 77.1 81.4 79.8 72.4 61.5 49.8 40.1 35.6

0800 GMT

35.9 44.3 53.8 63.0 69.2 72.3 72.5 66.9 56.7 45.4 36.4 32.7

0900 GMT

30.5 38.2 46.1 53.0 57.4 60.0 60.6 56.3 47.5 37.3 29.4 26.6

1000 GMT

22.4 29.3 35.8 41.1 44.8 47.2 47.9 44.1 36.2 27.0 20.1 18.1

1100 GMT

12.5 18.6 24.0 28.5 32.0 34.5 35.1 31.4 24.0 15.4 9.40 8.02

1200 GMT

1.38 6.93 11.6 15.7 19.3 21.9 22.4 18.6 11.2 3.18

n/a

n/a

1300 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

3.05 6.96 9.75 10.1 5.95

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

1400 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

1500 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

1600 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

1700 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

1800 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

1900 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

2000 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

2100 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

2200 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

2300 GMT

n/a

n/a

n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Parameter Definition

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Parameters for Tilted Solar Panels:

Monthly Averaged Radiation Incident On An Equator-Pointed Tilted Surface
(kWh/m2/day)
Lat 31.326
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Lon 77.415

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual
Average

SSE HRZ

3.58 4.26 5.38 6.49 7.21 6.87 5.59 5.15 5.41 5.41 4.42 3.52

5.27

0.62 0.60 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.59 0.49 0.49 0.58 0.71 0.73 0.66

0.61

Diffuse

0.83 1.14 1.45 1.73 1.92 2.22 2.42 2.22 1.66 0.86 0.57 0.67

1.48

Direct

6.21 6.07 6.65 7.31 7.81 6.81 4.64 4.41 6.07 8.43 8.35 6.77

6.63

Tilt 0

3.51 4.23 5.32 6.35 7.18 6.83 5.56 5.12 5.33 5.37 4.32 3.47

5.22

Tilt 16

4.53 5.06 5.90 6.59 7.05 6.59 5.43 5.15 5.72 6.41 5.62 4.65

5.73

Tilt 31

5.22 5.56 6.11 6.45 6.56 6.02 5.05 4.93 5.78 7.01 6.50 5.48

5.89

Tilt 46

5.60 5.75 6.00 5.98 5.73 5.17 4.44 4.49 5.54 7.19 6.98 5.98

5.74

Tilt 90

4.84 4.48 3.93 3.04 2.40 2.12 2.09 2.33 3.34 5.37 5.94 5.35

3.77

OPT

5.68 5.75 6.12 6.59 7.19 6.83 5.56 5.18 5.80 7.19 7.07 6.12

6.26

OPT ANG 56.0 47.0 33.0 18.0 3.00 0.00 1.00 10.0 27.0 45.0 55.0 59.0

29.4

NOTE:

Diffuse radiation, direct normal radiation and tilted surface radiation are not
calculated when the clearness index (K) is below 0.3 or above 0.8.
Parameter Definition

Cloud Information:
Monthly Averaged Cloud Amount At Indicated GMT Times (%)
Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Average@00

n/a

39.7 43.2 36.6 31.3 39.2 58.9 55.9 35.7 14.0 17.8

n/a

Average@03

39.3 44.3 45.2 39.8 36.7 44.6 65.0 64.6 39.3 15.5 19.7 31.9

Average@06

44.8 50.2 51.2 48.7 49.5 53.9 69.1 69.7 44.9 20.1 23.1 36.2

Average@09

51.3 58.9 60.9 61.2 60.9 63.7 73.2 72.6 53.6 27.6 29.0 42.7

Average@12

47.1 56.7 59.5 57.8 57.5 57.3 69.6 69.6 48.2 23.3 26.3 39.3

Average@15

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

41.7 42.7 57.4 56.1

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Average@18

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Average@21

n/a

n/a

n/a n/a n/a n/a

Parameter Definition

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Meteorology (Temperature):
Monthly Averaged Air Temperature At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (C)
Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan

22-year
Average

-2.41 -0.92 3.25 8.61 13.4 15.8 15.7 15.0 12.6 8.08 4.34 0.68

7.90

Minimum

-7.01 -5.62 -1.71 3.63 8.36 11.4 12.7 12.2 8.86 3.39 -0.05 -3.6

3.60

Maximum

3.55 4.57 8.52 13.6 18.0 19.8 18.6 18.0 16.6 13.2 9.92 6.57
Parameter Definition

12.6

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual
Average

Average Daily Temperature Range (C)

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415
22-year Average

Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

10.5 10.1 10.2 9.97 9.68 8.44 * 5.89 5.82 7.74 9.90 9.96 10.1
* Warmest month
Parameter Definition

Monthly Averaged Cooling Degree Days Above 18 C

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415
22-year Average

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0

0
0
1
3 1
Parameter Definition

Annual
Sum
5

Monthly Averaged Heating Degree Days Below 18 C

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415
22-year Average

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
611 523 452 280 149 73 72
Parameter Definition

87 157 299 391 511

Annual
Sum
3605

Monthly Averaged Frost Days (days)

Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415
22-year Average

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30 26

19 4
0
0 0
Parameter Definition

14

27

Annual
Sum
120

Meteorology (Other):
Monthly Averaged Precipitation (mm/day)
Lat 31.326
Lon 77.415

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

22-year Average 0.70 1.05 0.91 0.76 0.90 2.22 5.20 5.18 2.66 0.64 0.16 0.47
Parameter Definition

Annual
Average
1.74

Responsible >
Data: Paul W. Stackhouse,
Jr., Ph.D.
Officials
>
Archive: John M. Kusterer
Site Administration/Help: NASA Langley ASDC
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Document generated on Fri Jul 10 15:04:40 EDT
2015