NP800-NP800R GuidaApplicatione A331F
NP800-NP800R GuidaApplicatione A331F
NP800-NP800R GuidaApplicatione A331F
Application Guide
Multifunction Digital Relays
Application guide
NP800 NP800R
Issue: f
File: A331E
Print: 10/10/2012
Date: 03/2012
This document is the sole property of the ICE. No duplication nor release to third party is allowed without prior authorization.
FOREWORD
FOREWORD
The current guide aims at presenting the applications and features for the multifunction
protections in the range NP800 and NP800R. The NP800R series are especially dedicated to
replacing CEE protection relays in the 700 and 7000 series. The NP800R mainly differ from
the NP800 in their casing. The following table summarizes the available features:
NPW 800NPW800R
NPSC 800NPSC800R
NPG800R
NPG 800
NPM800R
NPM 800
NPUH800R
NPUH 800
NPU800R
NPU 800
NPHD800R
NPIHD800
NPIH800R
NPIH 800
NPID800R
NPID 800
NPI 800
Protection features
NPI800R
Undervoltage [27]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 2
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
FOREWORD
Overvoltage [59]
Logic selectivity
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 3
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
FOREWORD
Recloser
Setting advices.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 4
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
FOREWORD
The current document provides technical information on the NP800-NP800R range products,
which complements the following documents:
The sales brochures give an overview of the functions of each protection, their
physical features, and environmental standards compliance.
The Installation guides detail setting up operations for the NP800-NP800R range
protections.
The Setting software user guide describes the available configuration tool and its
use on a PC or in connection with an electrical SCADA, as well as the description of
the communication protocols.
The User's guides for each kind of relay present the local Human Machine interface
available through display and keyboard.
The First handling guides describe the data required to put into service and
operating the NP800-NP800R range protections, as well as their connection mode,
and a series of recommended tests.
Unless otherwise specified, the protection and operation functions described in the
following chapters can be set up locally or remotely via the configuration software.
The following symbols highlight important information or summarize key facts:
Additional information
Important information
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 5
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Introduction .................................................................................................................15
Warning ........................................................................................................................16
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 6
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
3.3.1 Function of cable thermal image [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ............................... 53
3.3.1.1
Presentation thermal cable [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .............................. 53
3.3.1.2
Flow chart for thermal cable [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ............................ 54
3.3.1.3
Setting characteristics for thermal cable [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .......... 54
3.3.1.4
Setting advices for thermal cable [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ..................... 55
3.3.2 Function of thermal image transformer [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .................... 56
3.3.2.1
Introduction to thermal image transformer [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ..... 56
3.3.2.2
Value of the time constant Ct ..................................................................................................... 57
3.3.2.2.1 Reclosing mode ............................................................................................................................ 57
3.3.2.2.2 Normal operation mode .............................................................................................................. 57
3.3.2.2.3 Cooling mode (Itrans < 0.15 In) ....................................................................................................... 57
3.3.2.3
Flow chart for thermal transformer [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .................. 58
3.3.2.4
Setting characteristics for reclosing mode .................................................................................. 58
3.3.2.5
Setting advices for reclosing mode ............................................................................................. 59
3.3.2.6
Thermal curves for NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ................................................... 60
3.3.2.6.1 Characteristics of the thermal image (cable and transformer) .................................................... 60
3.3.2.6.2 Cooling curves (cable and transformer) ....................................................................................... 61
3.4
3.4.1 Function maximum of negative phase sequence current [46] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800NPID800R .......................................................................................................................................................... 62
3.4.1.1
Presentation [46] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ..................................................... 62
3.4.1.2
Flow chart for [46] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ................................................... 62
3.4.1.3
Setting characteristics for [46] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ................................. 62
3.4.1.4
Setting advices [46] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .................................................. 63
3.4.2 Detection of broken conductor function [46BC] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R............... 64
3.4.2.1
Introduction to [46BC] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ............................................. 64
3.4.2.2
Flow chart [46BC] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ..................................................... 65
3.4.2.3
Setting characteristics [46BC] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .................................. 65
3.4.2.4
Setting advices for [46BC] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ........................................ 65
3.5
3.5.1 Definite time-delay [46] [51] [51N] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .................................. 66
3.5.2 Inverse time delay for IEC [46] [51] [51N] standards NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ........ 66
3.5.2.1
Equation [46] [51] [51N] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .......................................... 66
3.5.2.2
Example of choice for an inverse time delay curve NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R .. 67
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 7
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
3.5.2.3
IEC compliant tripping curve with inverse time .......................................................................... 69
3.5.2.4
IEC compliant tripping curve with very inverse time .................................................................. 70
3.5.2.5
IEC compliant tripping curves with extremely inverse time........................................................ 71
3.5.3 ANSI/IEEE compliant time delays with inverse time ............................................................................ 72
3.5.3.1
ANSI/IEEE compliant equation .................................................................................................... 72
3.5.3.2
ANSI/IEEE compliant setting advices........................................................................................... 72
3.5.3.3
ANSI/IEEE compliant tripping curves with moderately inverse time .......................................... 73
3.5.3.4
ANSI/IEEE compliant tripping curves with very inverse time ...................................................... 74
3.5.3.5
ANSI/IEEE compliant tripping curves with extremely inverse time............................................. 75
3.5.4 Inverse time delay with electromechanical type ................................................................................. 76
3.5.4.1
RI Equation for NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ......................................................... 76
3.5.4.2
RI application for NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ...................................................... 76
3.5.4.3
RI setting advices for NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ................................................ 76
3.5.4.4
RI curve for NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R ............................................................... 77
3.5.5 Programmable inverse time delay for NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R............................... 78
3.6
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 8
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
3.6.8.2
Flow chart for [32P] NPW800-NPW800R .................................................................................. 100
3.6.8.3
Setting characteristics for [32P] NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................... 100
3.6.9 Maximum of reactive power function of [32Q] NPW800-NPW800R ................................................ 101
3.6.9.1
Introduction to [32Q] NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................................... 101
3.6.9.2
Flow chart for [32Q] NPW800-NPW800R ................................................................................. 102
3.6.9.3
Setting characteristics for [32Q] NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................... 102
3.6.10
Minimum of active power function of [37P] NPW800-NPW800R ................................................ 103
3.6.10.1 Introduction to [37P] NPW800-NPW800R ................................................................................ 103
3.6.10.2 Flow chart for [37P] NPW800-NPW800R .................................................................................. 104
3.6.10.3 Setting characteristics for [37P] NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................... 104
3.6.11
Minimum of reactive power function of [37Q] NPW800-NPW800R ............................................ 105
3.6.11.1 Introduction to [37Q] NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................................... 105
3.6.11.2 Flow chart for [37Q] NPW800-NPW800R ................................................................................. 106
3.6.11.3 Setting characteristics for [37Q] on NPW800-NPW800R .......................................................... 106
3.6.12
Power factor management of the network of [55] NPW800-NPW800R ....................................... 107
3.6.12.1 Introduction to [55] NPW800-NPW800R .................................................................................. 107
3.6.12.2 Flow chart for [55] NPW800-NPW800R .................................................................................... 107
3.6.12.3 Setting characteristics for [55] NPW800-NPW800R.................................................................. 108
3.6.12.4 Setting advices for [55] [55] NPW800-NPW800R ..................................................................... 108
3.6.13
Function of [Q/P] tangent management NPW800-NPW800R ................................................... 109
3.6.13.1 Introduction to [Q/P] NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................................... 109
3.6.13.2 Flow chart of [Q/P] NPW800-NPW800R ................................................................................... 110
3.6.13.3 Setting characteristics of [Q/P] NPW800-NPW800R ................................................................ 110
3.6.14
Function of maximum of integrated active power P and reactive Q NPW800-NPW800R ........ 111
3.6.14.1 Introduction to P/Q NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................................... 111
3.6.14.2 Flow charts for P/Q NPW800-NPW800R ............................................................................... 111
3.6.14.3 Setting characteristics for P/Q NPW800-NPW800R .............................................................. 112
3.6.14.4 Setting advices for P/Q NPW800-NPW800R.......................................................................... 113
3.6.15
Function of synchronism check [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE ....... 114
3.6.15.1 Presentation [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE ................................ 114
3.6.15.2 Flow chart for [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE .............................. 116
3.6.15.3 Setting characteristics for [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE ............ 117
3.6.15.4 Setting advices for [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE ....................... 117
3.6.15.4.1 Principle of [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE .................................. 117
3.6.15.4.2 Typical values [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE ............................... 118
3.6.16
Function of network management NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE ......................................................... 119
3.6.16.1 Introduction to the network management NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE ........................................ 119
3.6.16.2 Flow chart for network management NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE ................................................ 120
3.6.16.3 Setting characteristics for network management NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE .............................. 120
3.6.16.4 Setting advices for network management NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE ......................................... 121
3.6.17
Reconnection mode NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE .............................................................................. 122
3.6.17.1 Introduction to the reconnection mode NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE ............................................ 122
3.6.17.2 Flow chart for reconnection NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE ............................................................... 123
3.6.17.3 Setting reconnection characteristics NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE .................................................. 123
3.7
Tripping curves for [27] [27P] [37P] [37Q] and [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] [59N] ...................................... 124
3.7.1 Tripping curves for [27] [27P] [37P] [37Q] ......................................................................................... 124
3.7.1.1
Definite time-delay for [27] [27P] [37P] [37Q] .......................................................................... 124
3.7.1.2
Inverse time delay for IEC [27] [37P] [37Q] standard................................................................ 124
3.7.1.2.1 Equation for IEC [27] [37P] [37Q]............................................................................................... 124
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 9
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
3.7.1.2.2 Tripping curves with inverse time for IEC [27] [37P] [37Q] ........................................................ 126
3.7.1.2.3 Tripping curves with very inverse time for IEC [27] [37P] [37Q] ................................................ 127
3.7.1.2.4 Tripping curves with extremely inverse time IEC [27] [37P] [37Q ............................................. 128
3.7.1.3
Inverse time delay for ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] standard..................................................... 129
3.7.1.3.1 ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] equation ......................................................................................... 129
3.7.1.3.2 Setting advices for ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] .......................................................................... 129
3.7.1.3.3 Tripping curves with moderately inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] ......................... 130
3.7.1.3.4 Tripping curves with very inverse time for ANSI/IEEE ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] .................... 131
3.7.1.3.5 Tripping curves with extremely inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] ............................ 132
3.7.1.4
Inverse time delay with electromechanical type for [37P] [37Q] ............................................. 133
3.7.1.4.1 Inverse time equation with electromechanical type for [37P] [37Q] ........................................ 133
3.7.1.4.2 Application inverse time with electromechanical type of [37P] [37Q] ...................................... 134
3.7.1.4.3 Setting advices for inverse time with electromechanical type of [37P] [37Q]........................... 134
3.7.1.4.4 RI curve of [37P] [37Q] .............................................................................................................. 135
3.7.1.5
Programmable inverse time delay ............................................................................................ 136
3.7.2 Tripping curves for [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] [59N] ................................................................................. 137
3.7.2.1
Definite time-delay for [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] [59N] .................................................................. 137
3.7.2.2
Inverse time delay for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] standards ....................................................... 137
3.7.2.2.1 Equation for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] ....................................................................................... 137
3.7.2.2.2 Tripping curves with inverse time for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] ................................................ 139
3.7.2.2.3 Curves with very inverse time for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] ...................................................... 140
3.7.2.2.4 Curves with extremely inverse time for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] ............................................. 141
3.7.2.3
Inverse time delay for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59] standards ................................................... 142
3.7.2.3.1 Equation for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59] ................................................................................... 142
3.7.2.3.2 Setting advices for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59] .......................................................................... 142
3.7.2.3.3 Tripping curves with moderately inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59] ......................... 143
3.7.2.3.4 Tripping curves with very inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59] ..................................... 144
3.7.2.3.5 Tripping curves with extremely inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59] ............................ 145
3.7.2.4
Inverse time delay with electromechanical type for [32P] [32Q] ............................................. 146
3.7.2.4.1 Equation inverse time with electromechanical type for [32P] [32Q]......................................... 146
3.7.2.4.2 Application inverse time with electromechanical type for [32P] [32Q] ..................................... 146
3.7.2.4.3 Setting advices for inverse time with electromechanical type for [32P] [32Q] ......................... 146
3.7.2.4.4 RI curve for [32P] [32Q] ............................................................................................................. 147
3.7.2.5
Programmable inverse time delay ............................................................................................ 148
4.1
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 10
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.4
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.7
4.7.1 Function Max of zero sequence voltage [59N] NPG800-NPG800R .................................................... 176
4.7.1.1
Introduction to [59N] NPG800-NPG800R ................................................................................. 176
4.7.1.2
Flow chart for [59N] on NPG800-NPG800R .............................................................................. 178
4.7.1.3
Setting characteristics for [59N] NPG800-NPG800R ................................................................. 178
4.7.1.4
Setting advices for [59N] on NPG800-NPG800R ....................................................................... 179
4.7.1.4.1 Example of setting in measured mode ...................................................................................... 179
4.7.1.4.2 Example of setting in calculated mode ...................................................................................... 180
4.7.2 Function Max of zero sequence current [64] NPG800 -NPG800R ..................................................... 181
4.7.2.1
Introduction to [64] NPG800-NPG800R .................................................................................... 181
4.7.2.2
Flow chart for [64] on NPG800-NPG800R ................................................................................. 182
4.7.2.3
Setting characteristics for [64] NPG800-NPG800R.................................................................... 182
4.7.2.4
Setting advices for [64] on NPG800-NPG800R .......................................................................... 183
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.8.3
4.8.4
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.9.3
4.9.4
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 11
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
5.1
5.1.1 Introduction to the thermal image of [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE function ...................... 193
5.1.1.1
Overview of [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE .................................................................... 193
5.1.1.2
Time constant of [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............................................................ 194
5.1.1.2.1 Start mode (Imot > Idem start threshold) [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE......................... 194
5.1.1.2.2 Normal operating mode (Imot < Idem start threshold) of [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE 195
5.1.1.2.3 Cooling mode (Imot < 0.05 Idem start threshold) [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............ 195
5.1.2 Introduction to the function inhibition of hot start according to [5-49] NPM800-NPM800RNPM800RE ...................................................................................................................................................... 196
5.1.3 Flow chart for [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ......................................................................... 197
5.1.4 Setting characteristics for [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ....................................................... 198
5.1.5 Setting advices for [49] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............................................................. 198
5.2
Protection against phase to phase short-circuits for [50] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............... 204
Introduction to [50] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE........................................................................ 204
Flow chart for [50] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE .................................................................... 204
Setting characteristics for [50] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ....................................................... 205
Setting advices for [50] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............................................................. 205
Protection against earth faults for [51N] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ........................................ 206
Introduction to [51N] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ..................................................................... 206
Flow chart for [51N] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ....................................................................... 207
Setting characteristics for [51N] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE................................................ 207
Setting advices for [51N] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ........................................................... 208
Start protections for [48] [51LR] [66] ............................................................................................... 209
5.5.1 Protection against too long start [48] and locked rotor [51LR] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ...... 209
5.5.1.1
Introduction to [48N] [51LR] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ................................................. 209
5.5.1.2
Flow charts for [48] [51LR] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............................................... 210
5.5.1.3
Setting characteristics for [48N] [51LR] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............................ 211
5.5.1.4
Setting advices for [48N] [51LR] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ....................................... 211
5.5.2 Protection by number of starts limitation for [66] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ......................... 213
5.5.2.1
Introduction to [66] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............................................................... 213
5.5.2.2
Flow chart for [66] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ............................................................ 214
5.5.2.3
Setting characteristics for [66] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE .............................................. 214
5.5.2.4
Setting advices for [66] on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE..................................................... 215
5.6
5.6.1
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 12
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.7
Load shedding by external input and high-speed restarting on NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE ...... 218
5.7.1
5.7.2
5.7.3
5.8
5.8.1
5.8.2
5.8.3
6.1
6.2
6.6
6.7
6.7.1
6.7.2
6.8
6.8.1
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 13
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
CONTENTS
6.8.2
6.8.3
6.8.4
6.9
6.10
6.11
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 14
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
WARNING
1 Introduction
Electrical networks are a building brick of our economic life. Generation, transmission,
distribution and use of the electrical energy in safe conditions are fundamental for the
growth of cities and industries.
Perfect control over the electrical networks, from production to final use is an important
issue. It is based upon cost control for production and maintenance.
Faced with ever more demanding expectations, ICE chose to design, produce and distribute a
complete range of equipments supporting the implementation of the intelligence and
connections required, for a fully optimized management of electrical networks.
Because it uses the most advanced digital technologies for local information processing,
fieldbuses for transmission, the most powerful industrial computers to drive and supervise
the electrical networks, ICE demonstrates via its accomplishments in the field of industrial
reliability how it can apply its technologies to the other fields of the electrical energy
industry management.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 15
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
WARNING
2 Warning
All technical characteristics presented in this guide apply to the specific NP 800 range
protections. You are however required to pay attention to the following warnings, in order to
provide for proper working conditions of these protections.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 16
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Electrical protection devices contribute to a large extent to the safe operation of industrial
networks, since they are central to providing the best possible electrical supply quality.
In this chapter, we will examine how to best protect incomers and cable feeders as well as
power transformers for the various network configurations (parallel production or
transformation units setup, neutral grounding).
This chapter prescribes use of various types of multifunction protections in the NP800
NP800R range.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 17
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
1 very high threshold [50] I>>> instantaneous or associated with an definite time
delay (whose response time does not depend on the current)
1 high threshold [51-2] I>> with 8 modes of time delay: definite time, IEC or ANSI
inverse time delay (whose response time depends on the current), or customized
curve (please contact us)
1 low threshold [51-1] I> with 8 modes of time delay: definite time, IEC or ANSI
inverse time delay, or customized curve (please contact us)
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 18
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 19
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
t (I>) (I>>)
step: refer to *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with a 0.01 s step
t (I>) t (I>>)
RI Relatively inverse time curve
0.1 to 20 s
with a 0.01 s step
t (I>) t (I>>)
[50] FUNCTION THRESHOLD
Very high threshold - I>>>
[50] FUNCTION DELAY
Definite time-delay - t (I>>>)
CHARACTERISTICS
Instantaneous output response time
Setting
0.3 to 24.0 In
using a 0.1 In step
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Value
60 ms
*: between 0.04 and 9.99 s step value of 0.01 s, between 10.0 s and 29.9 s step value of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s step value of 1s
For detailed characteristics of the inverse time tripping curves, please refer to the chapter
Tripping curves for [46] [51] [51N].
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 20
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
With inverse time: inverse / very inverse / extremely inverse, according to IEC 602554 standard,
With slightly inverse / very inverse / extremely inverse curves, according to ANSI/IEEE,
It is not possible to define general rules to apply for choosing between the various
protections.
You should however prefer inverse time protections in the following cases:
-
Inrush or energizing current may be high during several tenth of a second when
powering on,
On the contrary, use of Definite time-delay is recommended when short circuit currents are
very high, or when they can fluctuate a lot at the same place (for example, when a network
includes small generators whose short-circuit currents may quickly decrease).
As a general rule, apart from these technical criteria, we can say that in continental Europe,
there is a clear tendency to use definite time-delay protections whereas in Anglo-Saxon
countries inverse time protections are customary.
Time delayed overcurrent protections allow for chronologic selectivity. One disadvantage is
that fault clearance time is longer when you come closer to the source, where short-circuits
are even stronger.
It is therefore highly recommended to keep selective time measuring differences low when
implementing two cascading time delay protections in a radial network.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 21
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
The value of the selective interval used for electronic protections is usually of 300ms; this
value being obtained by adding the following durations:
-
We remind you that for the protection of a transformer feeder, you should use a high
instantaneous threshold, set at value higher than the secondary short-circuit current, as this
will decrease the response time of the upstream protections, whilst limiting short-circuit
current cable exposure.
If necessary, for time delays lower than 1 second, you may reduce this interval to 250ms for
highly stable time delays (as with NP800-NP800R).
CT = 250/5 A
In protection = 5 A
Tripping value in the event of a short circuit = 2470 A with an instantaneous response
time,
Tripping value in the event of an overload = 380 A with a definite time delay of 4.5 s.
For short circuit detection, use function [50] with the following settings:
I>>> = 2470/250= 9.88 and taking into account step values: 9.9 x In TC.
Time delay t (I>>>) will be set to 0.04 s.
For overload unit, function [51-1] will be used with the following setting:
I> = 380/250 = 1.52 and taking into account step values: 1.5 x In TC.
Definite time will be selected with a delay set to 4.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 22
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 23
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
The NPID800 NPID800R are overcurrent phase and earth fault protections with a
directional criterion. In order to standardize the protections on the same site, it is possible to
use these protections in place of the NPI800 NPI800R, provided you deactivate their
directional criteria. Additional advantages of using these protections are their I/O extension
card and their additional available measurements (P, Q, Cos ).
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 24
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
The current direction is determined from the measurement of its phase in relation to a
polarisation value. This polarisation value (Vp) is the phase to phase voltage associated in
quadrature with the considered phase:
Current I1
Current I3
U23=V3-V2
U12=V2-V1
Fig. 5: Phase overcurrent directional function [67]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 25
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 26
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Case # 2:
TR
G
[67]
[50]
[67]
[50]
[50]
[50]
B
I
[67]
[67]
Directional overcurrent protections of the type NPID800 NPID800R [67] will be installed on
each incoming feeder.
The directional function of these protections monitors phase shifts between current and
voltage and allows the overcurrent unit operation if this phase shift is the result of a current
direction change.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 27
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
+ 30
V1
ligne=-60
I1 (short-circuit
on "B" line side)
U23
=30
Vp
I1 (short-circuit
on substation side)
- 150
Non-tripping zone
According to the application example (2), if line (the line argument) corresponds to an
inductive line with a current I1 lag by about 60, the angle characteristic will be set to +30
(see table in Setting characteristics). In this case, the protection will be allowed to trip for
currents out of phase by +30 to -150.
In normal operating conditions, the current I1 will be located in the non-working zone, and
will be lag on V1.
During a short-circuit, the current will be located in the tripping zone for a line side shortcircuit in B, in other words out of phase with Vp, and it will be in the non-working zone for
a substation side short-circuit. The principle is identical for I3 and V3 in relation to U12.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 28
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Characteristics
Values
Polarisation threshold
3% of Un*
* for details on the equipment's rated voltage (Un) , please refer to paragraph 2.4
As indicated in the two above paragraphs, the selected value for the angle characteristic
must enable the monitored fault current to be out of phase with polarisation voltage Vp.
In this manner, the fault current is located in the centre of the protection tripping zone and
the maximum sensitivity is obtained.
Three parameters allow to act on the angle:
-
the argument (value without sign) corresponding to the line impedance (usually
inductive)
the type of fault: three-phase or two-phase.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 29
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
This last parameter is usually not being taken into account, since it has little influence on the
setting for the angle.
The optimum angle is rule by the following relation:
-
= 75
+ 15
- 165
= 60
+ 30
- 150
= 45
+ 45
- 135
= 30
+ 60
- 120
The sole conditions to take into account are the ones existing when the fault arises. So, if we
consider a line AB in a meshed network, when the fault occurs between A and B, the two
ends become sources and the current direction is as indicated on the following flow chart.
The two currents at each end of the line oppose out of phase and merge towards the fault.
A
In this example, if at each end A and B, we install a directional protection dedicated to trip
their circuit breaker in case they locate a fault between A and B, we say that both directional
protections are "line side" oriented. They will both work for a fault located downstream of
them, since when the fault occurs, the A and B ends both behave like sources. For a fault
located left of A, A directional protection sees it as upstream, and B downstream. This
situation reverts for a fault located right of B.
For certain types of bar protections in the A substation, it is possible to install, for example,
directional protections on the three lines converging to A, and to declare it as a bar fault if
the three directional protections see the fault as substation side. In this case, the
directional protections are said to be substation oriented.
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 30
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
The angle, as defined in the above Setting characteristics paragraph, enables you to set
the monitoring direction of the directional protection to line side or to substation side,
and this independently of the energy flow direction in normal operating mode. You define
the orientation of a directional protection according to the conditions of the currents and
voltages as they occur during the fault situation.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 31
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 32
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
NPIHD800R [67N] with a current threshold located below the own capacitive current value
without generating improper tripping.
Please note that this kind of protection can only be satisfactory of the number of outgoing
feeders in operation (and subsequently the phase-to-earth capacitor) varies little over time;
it however is very difficult to perform selective detection when the network has loops.
Sometimes, you can use other solutions, like temporarily performing an impedant grounding
of the neutral (for about 2 seconds) using the zero-sequence voltage protection of a
NPUH800-NPUH800R [59N].
This allows zero-sequence current overcurrent protections to reliably detect and clear earth
faults affecting the installation.
The above mentioned protections are being presented in the following paragraphs.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 33
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Vr is calculated when connecting the three phases + Neutral and Vr is measured if the
terminals A5 and A6 (NPU800) and T1-10 and T1-11(NPU800R) are available.
V1
V2
V0
> V0S
Delayed output
V3
Instantaneous
output
Fig. 10: Function Max of zero sequence voltage [59N] (calculated mode)
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 34
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Fig. 11: Function Max of zero sequence voltage [59N] (measured mode)
Setting
Definite time-delay
t(Vo >) - t(Vo >>)
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
0.02 to 0.80 Un
with steps of 0.01 Un
Values
60 ms
33 V to 120 V
(with steps of 0.1 V)
Setting
Broken delta / neutral point
* between 0.06 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 35
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
6 kV network
TP = 6 kV /
3 / 100 V / 3
Unrel = 57.7 V
Tripping value calculated for the first threshold in case of zero-sequence fault: 10% of
the phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 1 s.
Tripping value calculated for the second threshold in case of zero-sequence fault: 20%
of the phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 0.5 s.
The low threshold Vo > for the function [59N] will be used with the following setting:
Since the VTs are mounted in star/broken delta, the voltage applied to the protection
will be equal to three times the zero-sequence voltage (i.e. Vo)
Vo > = 0.1 x 3 x Unrel = 0.3 Unrel
The time delay t(Vo>) will be set to 1 s.
The high threshold Vo >> for the function [59N] will be used with the following
setting:
Since the TP are mounted in star/broken delta, the voltage applied to the protection
will be equal to three times the zero-sequence voltage.
Vo> > = 0.2 x 3 x Unrel = 0.6 Unrel
The time delay t(Vo>>) will be set to 0.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 36
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
For the first threshold, the low threshold Vo > for the function [59N] will be used with
the following setting:
Since the VT is located in the star point of the generator, the voltage applied to the
protection will be equal to the measured voltage. (i.e. Vo)
Vo > = 0.1 x Unrel
The time delay t(Vo>) will be set to 1 s.
For the second threshold, the high threshold Vo >> for the function [59N] will be used
with the following setting:
Since the TP is located in the star point of the generator, the voltage applied to the
protection will be equal to the measured voltage.
Vo> > = 0.2 x Unrel
The time delay t(Vo>>) will be set to to 0.5 s.
6 kV network
3 / 100 V / 3
Unrel =57.7 V
Tripping value calculated for the first threshold in case of a zero-sequence fault: 10%
of the phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 1 s.
Tripping value calculated for the second threshold in case of a zero-sequence fault:
20% of the phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 0.5 s.
TP = 6 kV /
The low threshold Vo > for the function [59N] will be used with the following setting:
Vo > = 0.1 x Unrel = 0.1 Unrel.
The time delay t(Vo>) will be set to 1 s.
The high threshold Vo >> for the function [59N] will be used with the following
setting:
Vo >> = 0.2 x Unrel = 0.2 Unrel
The time delay t(Vo>>) will be set to 0.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 37
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Fig. 12: Functions with earth fault overcurrent [50N] [51N] with definite time
I0
> I0S
NI,VI,EI,RI
T
Delayed output
Instantaneous output
Fig. 13: Function with earth fault overcurrent [51N] with inverse time
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 38
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
0.6 to 48 A
with steps of 0.1 A
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
Step: see*
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
100 ms to 20 s
with steps of 0.1 s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60 ms
*: between 0.04 and 9.99 s steps of 0.01 s, between 10.0 s and 29.9 s steps of 0.1 s, between
30 and 300 s steps of 1s
** 100/1 CBCT, and with adapter case model BA800 for 1500/1 CBCT
Precise characteristics for tripping curves with inverse time are given in the chapter Tripping
curves for [46] [51] [51N].
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 39
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
To detect earth faults, function [51N] will be used with the following settings: Io> =
25/250=0.1. As a operating characteristic, choose definite time with a time delay of
0.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 40
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Fig. 14: Example of a network fitted with a directional zero-sequence current protection (1)
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 41
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Fig. 15: Example of a network fitted with a zero-sequence current directional protection (2)
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 42
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
In relation to the zero-sequence voltage Vo, the polarisation voltage VP defines a nontripping zone. The vector showing this tension is located in the centre of a zone with a 180
amplitude which determines the tripping and non-tripping zones.
+ 135
Io (healthy feeder)
Vp
( = + 45 )
V0
Io (faulty feeder
line side)
- 45
Non-tripping zone
In order to modify the position of this zone, you can change the setting of the angle value.
According to our application example application #1, network with isolated neutral, if o the
argument of the characteristic angle is 45, which is a value corresponding to a current Io
lead of about 90 compare to the zero-sequence voltage, the angle characteristic will be
set to +45 (see the help table setting characteristics ). This setting allows tripping for zerosequence current between +135 and - 45.
3.2.1.1.3.2 Operating modes [67N] NPIHD800-NPIHD800R and NPID800NPID800R
If the polarisation voltage is low, it is not possible to measure with accuracy the angle of the
directional function. In this case, the working mode of the protection depends on the
selected operating mode (this choice applies to both the [67] and [67N] functions):
Permission mode
If the voltage is lower than the polarisation threshold, the protection does not react on the
directional criteria [67N] any more, and trip by one of the overcurrent functions [50N] [51N]
that have been associated with this criterion.
Block mode
If the voltage is lower than the polarisation threshold, tripping by one of the overcurrent
functions [50N] [51N] that have been associated with the directional criteria [67N] is
impossible.
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 43
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Fig. 16: Directional function with maximum of zero sequence overcurrent [67N]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 44
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Values
3 % to 20 % Un
with steps of 1 %
-180 to +180
with steps of 1
The o argument function for the neutral connection of the installation (isolated
neutral, impedant or directly grounded) and of the capacitive current of the
dedicated network.
Neutral connection
+ 45
+ 45
- 135
+10
+10
- 170
- 20
- 20
160
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 45
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
In case of a network with one or several generators producing directly on the main busbar,
you may perform grounding either on the neutral point of a generator, or on the busbar
using a Zig Zag coil or a star transformer with grounded neutral and secondary triangle
closed by a resistor. (Broken delta connection)
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third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 46
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
The first option is not recommended, since the zero-sequence current protection installed on
the neutral point must offer features that are sometimes incompatibles:
-
Low threshold and quick operating time to efficiently protect the generator,
Threshold and time delay values allowing for selectivity with the network's zerosequence current protections.
The second option, on the contrary, provides favourable ground for a sensitive and quick
protection of the generators against ground faults, generators being considered feeders for
zero-sequence currents.
* or the zero-sequence current unit of multifunction three phase + earth protections
according to [51N] such as NPI800-NPI800R.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 47
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 48
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
It must be instantaneous, but the threshold value should not be less than 15 or 20 %
InCT. Often, this constraint leads to a high setting values in comparison to the
maximum fault current, and consequently to a lack of sensitivity.
Using a CBCT around the 3 phases to measure the residual current allows for a both sensitive
and quick protection. It is the case for zero-sequence currents units [50N] [51N] on NPI800NPI800R.
When mounting such a measurement reducer is not possible, you can, provided cable length
is small, link their ground braid to the transformer tank. In this manner, the tank-earth
protection (see figure 19) will also apply to the cable area.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 49
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
NPI800 / NPI800R
NPIH800
/ NPIH800R
NPI800 / NPI800R
NPIH800 / NPIH800R
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 50
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
With this application, the residual current of the three line CTs is compared to the CT current
of the neutral. This protection is working for all faults occurring in the CT area, in other words
for earth faults on the winding. The protection remains
remains stable for all faults outside this area.
This protection is of the type NPIH800-NPIH800R [51N], whether the measurement reducer
be a CBCT or a CT coil. The influence of the third harmonics is eliminated in the zerosequence current component, since only the fundamental current is measured (see
figure 21).
NPI800 / NPI800 R
*NPID800 / NPID800R
* If paralleling source
In order to improve the secondary winding protection of a transformer, for high values of
fault currents, you can often use a restricted earth fault protection, also named REF (see
figure 22) when the neutral is directly connected to the earth. In this case, you may use the
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third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 51
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
REF input on the NPDT 630 differential protections (please contact us). This function is more
sensitive than differential protection, and it additionally measures the neutral point current,
which protections cannot perform.
NPI800 / NPI800R
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 52
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
I 2 Ipre 2
t = C TE ln 2
2
I Ib
- I
= overload current.
- t
= tripping time after an overload detection.
= heating time constant and cooling parameter for the protected element.
- CTE
- Ipre
= current before the overload.
- Ib
= base current for which the cable reaches a maximum thermal state of 100%.
The tripping occurs when the thermal state of the protected element reaches 100 %.
Thermal alarm is activated when the thermal state reaches the thermal alarm threshold
which can be set between 80 and 100 % of the thermal state.
The curves, presented in paragraph 3.3.2.6.1, show the tripping time in relation to the
preload current Ipre, for a time constant CTE = 10 min.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 53
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.3.1.2 Flow chart for thermal cable [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800NPID800R
I t
t
E k 1.
E k = E k 1 + .
Cte
I b Cte
80 to 100 % of
thermal state
with steps of 1%
0.4 to 1.3 In
with steps of 0.01 In
Setting
4 min to 180 min
with steps of 1 min
Setting
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 54
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.3.1.4 Setting advices for thermal cable [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800NPID800R
Depending on the value found through co-ordination or setting study, you must adapt the
thresholds [49] to set on the protection to take into account the rated current of the
measurement reducers (CT) and possibly modified according to the setting steps. As an
example, let us examine the following data to protect a cable:
- CT = 500/5 A
- In protection = 5 A
- Calculated tripping value of the thermal threshold* = 565 A
- Time constant for heating = 60 min (manufacturer data).
* depending on the cable manufacturer data:
- Maximum acceptable intensity for normal operation,
- Acceptable overload current.
Calculating the thresholds and parameters to set on the protection:
The tripping threshold Ib will be set to the following value: Ib = 565/500= 1.13.
The heating time constant will be set to the required value: 60 min.
Implicitly, the cooling constant will also be set to 60 min.
As a complement, you can set the alarm threshold to 95% and so warn the operators before
tripping occur.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 55
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.3.2
I transf 2 I pre 2
t = C t ln
2
I transf I b
I trans
I direct + K * Iinverse
The positive and negative sequences are calculated from the three phase currents (3 CTs
required).
A thermal alarm is generated when the thermal state reaches an alarm threshold which can
be set between 80 and 100 %.
Tripping occurs for a thermal state of 100 %.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 56
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 57
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.3.2.3 Flow chart for thermal transformer [49] NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800NPID800R
I
t
t
E k 1 .
E k = E k 1 + trans. .
I
Cte
Cte
b
Setting
0 to 9
with steps of 1
50 to 100 %
with steps of 1%
Reclosing factor FD
0.40 to 1.30 In
with steps of 0.01 In
80 to 100 %
with steps of 1%
40 to 100 % of thermal
state
with steps of 1%
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Setting
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 58
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
TRANSFORMER
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 59
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
100
Ipre = 0
10
Ipre = 0.40 ( = 16 %)
Ipre = 0.60 ( = 36 %)
Ipre = 0.80 ( = 64 %)
Ipre = 0.90 ( = 81 %)
10
100
I/Ib
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third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 60
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
For another value of time constant, multiply the indicated times on the curve by the value in
minutes of the used time constant.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 61
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
This function offers a greater sensitivity than standard phase and earth current protections.
0.1 to 2.4 In
with steps of 0.1 In
Setting
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 62
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Definite time-delay
Curves with inverse time, very inverse,
extremely inverse time, IEC 60255-4 compliant
Curves with moderately inverse, very inverse,
extremely inverse time, ANSI/IEEE compliant
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
0.1 to 20 s
Curves with RI inverse time
with steps of 0.1 s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60 ms
*: between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10.0 s and 29.9 s with steps of
0.1 s, between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s
For detailed characteristics of tripping curves with inverse time, please refer to the chapter
Tripping curves for [46] [51] [51N].
CT = 250/5A
In protection = 5A
Rated current for the equipment to protect: 225A
Tripping value in case of phase negative component = 30% with a definite time delay
set to 3 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 63
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
The unit with maximum negative-sequence current [46] will be used with the
following setting: I2> = (0,3x225)/250 = 0.27 In CT, the threshold value remains
unchanged, only taking into account the setting steps. The operating characteristics
will be chosen definite time with a time delay of 3 s.
unbalance. factor =
.
I .negative.component
I . positive .component
Measuring the unbalance factor allows to detect a circuit opening. It is only possible if the
protection is connected to 3 phases CTs.
Negative current detection is little sensitive for low load lines.
Please note that the value of the unbalance factor varies according to the place where the
fault takes place.
Function [46BC] is inhibited if the negative current component is lower than 8% of the rated
current of the protection, in order to avoid any spurious tripping when the measured
currents are low.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 64
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Definite time-delay
Setting
10 to 250 %
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60 ms
I2 > 0.08 In
The broken conductor detection unit [46BC] will be used with the following setting: I2/I1 =
0.25.
The operating characteristics will be definite time and the time delay set to 20 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 65
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.5.2 Inverse time delay for IEC [46] [51] [51N] standards NPI800-NPI800R and
NPID800-NPID800R
The NPI800-NPI800R and NPID800-NPID800R allow for the selection of 3 curves with inverse
time according to the IEC 60255-4 standard.
t = T *
(I/Is) 1
-
t
I
Is
Tripping time
Value of the measured current
Value of the set threshold
Curve limits
Configurable between
0.03 and 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
0.140
0.02
13.5
80
Inverse time
Very inverse time
Extremely inverse time
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 66
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.5.2.2 Example of choice for an inverse time delay curve NPI800-NPI800R and
NPID800-NPID800R
On a non-limiting example, figure 27 compares selectivity of a NPI800-1 (or NPI800R-1),
protecting a power transformer, and NPI800-2 (or NPI800R-2) used to protect outgoing
feeder at the secondary of this transformer.
The operating characteristic of the NPI800-2 (or NPI800R-2) has been set to definite time
with two thresholds and two time delays [51] [50].
For function [51] of the NPI800-1 (or NPI800R-1), an IEC characteristic with inverse time has
been chosen, which allows high overloads during short duration. The characteristic of unit
[50] is definite time.
To ensure selectivity between the two protections a threshold setting value of 300 A has
been chosen for [50], which corresponds to the threshold value for NPI800-2 (or NPI800R-2)
and constitutes a stress point.
To select the curve T++ which is best adapted to the selectivity criteria of NP800-1 (or
NPI800R-1), the following elements must be taken into account:
- curve going through 2s for a current of 300A
- setting value for the threshold [51] of NP800-1 (or NPI800R-1): 100A.
This choice has been made by using the following formula*:
I 0, 02
t 1
T++ =
Is
0.140
With:
- T++ = curve to set on the protection
- I /Is = multiple of the threshold setting [51], depending on the current value
- t
= theoretical value of the tripping time for the current value I/Is
In our example:
- I/Is
= 3 (I=300 A and Is=100A)
- t
= 2 seconds
With a result of 0.317 and according to the setting steps of the protection the chosen T++
curve is: 0.32
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 67
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
1000
NPI800/NPI800R-1
100
NPI800/NPI800R-1
NPI800/NPI800R-2
T
I
M
E
10
I
N
S
E
C
O
N
D
0.10
0.01
0.5 1
10
100
1K
ICC Sec Tr
ICC Pri Tr
10K
NPI800/NPI800R-2
t 1
T++ =
Is
13,5
-
80
With:
- T++ = curve to set on the protection
- I /Is = multiple of the threshold setting [51], depending on the current value
- t
= theoretical value of the tripping time at the current value I/Is
* extrapolated formula from IEC inverse time curves.
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 68
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
0.140 T + +
Pour 1.1Is < I < 20Is
(I/Is) 0.02 1
10000,000
1000,000
100,000
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10,000
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1,000
0,100
0,010
1,00
10,00
100,00
I/Is
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 69
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
t=
13.5 T + +
For 1.1Is < I < 20Is
(I/Is) 1
IEC curves with very inverse time
10000,00
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10,00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1,00
0,10
0,01
1
10
100
I/Is
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 70
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
80 T + +
Pour 1.1Is < I < 20Is
(I/Is) 2 1
10000,00
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10,00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1,00
0,10
0,01
1
10
100
I/Is
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 71
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
t = T *
+
B
(I/Is)
t
I
Is
Tripping time
Value of the measured current
Value of the programmed threshold
, A, B
Limits of curves
0.03 to 3 s
with steps of
0.01 s
0.0515
0.02
0.1140
19.61
0.4910
28.2
0.1217
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 72
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
0.0515
10000,00
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10,00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1,00
0,10
0,01
1,00
10,00
100,00
I/Is
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 73
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
19.6
t = T *
+ 0.4910 Pour 1.1Is < I < 20Is
2
(I/Is) 1
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
10,00
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
1,00
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
0,10
0,01
1
10
100
I/Is
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 74
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
28.2
t = T *
+ 0.1217 Pour 1.1Is < I < 20Is
2
(I/Is) 1
10000,00
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10,00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1,00
0,10
0,01
1
10
100
I/Is
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 75
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
T++
0.236
0.339 (I/Is)
Tripping time
Gs
T ++
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 76
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
10,00
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
1,00
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
0,10
0,01
1
10
100
I/Is
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 77
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 78
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.1 Overview
The NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE, NPW800-NPW800R and NPSC800-NPSC800RNPSC800RE models are mainly dedicated to electrical network monitoring and management
functions.
Digital voltage and frequency protections NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE perform voltage
monitoring for electrical networks and/or islanding, or load shedding for no priority loads. So
when the electrical supply of a switchboard is performed by two transformers feeding each a
half-busbar, in case of a transformer failure, it is possible to perform automatic load transfer
from a half-busbar to the other. Unless otherwise indicated, to achieve this, the following
functions will be performed by the NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE:
-
Checking that the healthy incomer has not already been subjected to a transitional
status during the few seconds before transfer initialisation.
Checking that the recorded voltage drop is not the result of a downstream fault (using
a current protection such as NPI800-NPI800R); since a transfer in this case would lead
to a complete substation loss.
Checking the residual voltage on the busbar that will be subjected to the transfer, if it
supplies motors.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 79
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 80
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 81
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 82
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
complement, it is possible to associate a digital input to the position of the coupling circuit
breaker, thus allowing for temporary disconnection of the function or of the time delay block
for this function.
3.6.2.2 Flow chart [27] NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE
* Function
[27P] activated
1
Vphase (Uphase)
< 10%.Un
V or U
NI,VI,EI
V1 (U12)
< US
V2 (U23)
< US
V3 (U31)
< US
1
2
&
Delayed output
Instantaneous
output
&
Logic input
1
Vphase (Uphase)
< 10%.Un
V or U
NI,VI ,EI
V1 (U12)
< US
V2 (U23)
< US
V3
< US
1
2
&
Delayed output
Instantaneous
output
&
For the NPW800-NPW800R, the function can be inhibited using digital input. The time
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 83
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
0.05 to 1.20 Un
Definite time-delay:
t(U<) - t(U<<) - t(U<<<) - t(U<<<<)**
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
steps: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
steps of 0.01s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60ms
33 V to 120 V
(steps of 0.1 V)
10 % Un
* Between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s.
** threshold U<<<< only available on the NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE models.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 84
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
6 kV network
3 / 100 V / 3
- tripping value calculated for the first threshold in case of voltage drop: 5.1 kV with a
definite time delay of 1 s.
- tripping value calculated for the second threshold in case of voltage drop: 4.2 kV with
a time definite time delay of 0.5 s.
Calculating the thresholds to set on the protection:
-
TP = 6 kV /
For the first threshold, the low threshold U< of function [27] will be used with the
following setting:
U< = 5.1/6 = 0.85
Chosen operating characteristic will be definite time with a time delay set to 1 s.
For the second threshold, the low threshold U<< of function [27] will be used with
the following setting:
U<< = 4.2/6 = 0.7
Chosen operating characteristic will be definite time with a time delay set to 0.5 s.
The third threshold, the low threshold U<<< will be set out of service.
The same applies to the fourth threshold U<<<< for the NPU800-NPU800RNPU800RE.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 85
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 86
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
0.05 to 1.20 Un
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: seer *
Characteristics
Values
Reset percentage
103 %
60ms
Reset time
< 55ms
33 V to 120 V
(with steps of 0.1 V)
10 % Un
* between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 87
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
6 kV network
TP = 6 kV /
For the first threshold, the low threshold Ud< of the function [27P] will be used with
the following setting:
Ud< = 5.1/6 = 0.85
The time delay will be set to 1 s.
For the second threshold, the low threshold Ud<< of the function [27P] will be used
with the following setting:
Ud<< = 4.2/6 = 0.7
The time delay will be set to 0.5 s.
The third threshold, the low threshold Ud<<< of the function [27P] will be set out of
service.
3 / 100 V / 3
- Tripping value calculated for the first threshold in case of positive voltage drop: 5.1 kV
with a definite time delay of 1 s.
- Tripping value calculated for the second threshold in case of positive voltage drop:
4.2 kV with a definite time delay of 0.5 s.
Calculation of the thresholds to display on the protection:
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 88
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
0.03 to 0.3 Un
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
pas: see *
Characteristics
Values
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
60ms
33 V to 120 V
(with steps of 0.1 V)
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 89
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
6 kV network
TP = 6 kV /
3 / 100 V / 3
Tripping value calculated for the first threshold Uneg> in case of supply unbalance:
0.6 kV with a definite time delay of 10 s.
Tripping value calculated for the second threshold Uneg>> in case of supply unbalance:
1.2 kV with a definite time delay of 0.5 s.
The threshold Uneg> for the function [47] will be used with the following setting:
Uneg> = 0.6/6 = 0.1
The time delay t(Uneg>) will be set to 10 s.
Le threshold Uneg>> for the function [47] will be used with the following setting:
Uneg>> = 1.2/6 = 0.2
The time delay t(Uneg>>) will be set to 0.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 90
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
The function presents two overvoltage thresholds (U> and U>>), each of them being
associated with a definite time or inverse time characteristic. To configure the thresholds,
use percentages of Un, whatever wiring mode (phase to neutral or phase-to-phase voltage)
has been chosen.
Example:
-
Using the OR logic, as soon as the value of one of the monitored voltages reaches one
of the thresholds set (all monitored voltages using the AND logic), an alarm is generated on
the instantaneous output and simultaneously, a time delay is launched. Upon expiry of the
time delay, the time-delayed output is activated.
Using the OR and AND logic, when all voltages are again lower than 3 % threshold
(reset percentage) the protection returns to its initial state.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 91
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
V1/U12
> VS/US
V2/U23
> VS/US
V3/U31
> VS/US
: logic function OR
V/U
&
NI,VI,EI
T
Delayed output
0
Instantaneous
output
Inhibition of the
time delay by
digital input
Wiring 3V/3I
Wiring 2U/3I
&
V1/U12
> VS/US
V2/U23
> VS/US
V3
> VS/US
V/U
&
NI, VI,EI
Delayed output
0
Instantaneous
output
For the NPW800-NPW800R models, the function can be inhibited using digital input.
The time delay can be inhibited in a similar way.
Fig. 35: Function of phase overvoltage [59] on NPW800-NPW800R
Setting
0.40 to 2.00 Un
with steps of 0.01 Un
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Setting
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 92
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Definite time-delay:
t(U>) - t(U>>)
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60 ms
< 55 ms
33 V to 120 V
(with steps of 0.1 V)
* between 0.06 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1 s.
6 kV network
TP = 6 kV /
3 / 100 V / 3
calculated tripping value in case of overvoltage for the first threshold: 6.6 kV with a
time definite time delay of 1 s
tripping value calculated in case of overvoltage for the second threshold: 7.2 kV with
a time definite time delay of 0.5 s.
The first threshold U> for the function [59] will be used with the following setting:
U> = 6.6/6 = 1.1
The time delay t(U>) will be set to 1 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 93
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
the second threshold U>> for the function [59] will be used with the following setting:
U>> = 7.2/6 = 1.2
The time delay t(U>>) will be set to 0.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 94
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
For the NPW800-NPW800R models, this function [59N] as for the NPU800-NPU800RNPU800R, ensures the detection of ground faults, only through vector calculation of the
three phase voltages independently of the selected power calculation method (2W or 3W).
Except for the difference of voltage measurement method, the characteristics are identical.
For the presentation, the flow chart, the characteristics and the setting advices,
please refer to section 3.3.2.6.3
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 95
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.7 Function under frequency and over frequency of [81] NPU800-NPU800RNPU800RE and NPW800-NPW800R
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 96
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
V1/U12
&
> 10%.Un
U
V2/U23
Fn -5Hz>F<Fn +5Hz
Delayed output
> Fs
Instantaneous
output
V1/U12
&
> 10%.Un
U
V2/U23
Fn -5Hz>F<Fn +5Hz
< Fs
Delayed output
Instantaneous
output
Setting
50.05 to 54.0 Hz
with steps of 0.01 Hz
60.05 to 64.0 Hz
with steps of 0.01 Hz
Setting
46.0 to 49.95 Hz
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 97
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
0.08 to 10 s
with steps of 0.01ms
Definite time-delay
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
< 150ms
Operating voltage
> 0.10 Un
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 98
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
-Q
Max of power
Used
Max of power
Generated
-P
+P
+Q
Tripping zone
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 99
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Setting
1 to 120 % of Sn
Definite time-delay:
t(P>) - t(P>>)
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
60ms
P+, P- or P+/-
* between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1s,
between 30 and 300s with steps of 1s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 100
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 101
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
setting
1 to 120 % of Sn
Definite time-delay:
(Q>) - t(Q>>)
setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60ms
Q+, Q- or Q+/-
* between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 102
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.10.1
The minimum of active power function is used to detect a drop in transit of active power in a
network and to monitor the amount of sources working in parallel depending on the
network load.
Function [37P] can be used as an alarm to detect the presence of a minimum of active
power. This function offers two thresholds which can be set using 3 modes: active power
generated (Export: P+) or used (Import: P-), or generated and used (Export / Import: P+/P-).
The operating characteristic is definite time or inverse time. The value of the thresholds is
expressed in percentage of the rated power. The function [37P] is inhibited at 0.5% of Sn.
This function relies on the method of the three or two wattmeters, depending on the
selected alternative.
Function [37P] is operational when the following condition is met: P 3.1% Q. In other
words, for a threshold of active power of 1%, a break of the tripping characteristic at 0.32
Qn.
-Q
-P
+P
Threshold Inhibition at
0.5% of Sn
+Q
Tripping zone
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 103
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.10.2
3.6.10.3
Setting
1 to 120 % of Sn
Definite time-delay:
t(P<) - t(P<<)
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
60ms
P+, P- or P+/-
* between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 104
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.11.1
The function with minimum of reactive power is activated when the reactive power
transiting on a network is lower to the set threshold.
Function [37Q] can be used as an alarm to detect the presence of a minimum of reactive
power. This function offers two thresholds which can be set using 3 modes: active power
provided (Export: Q+) or used (Import: Q-), or provided and used (Export / Import: Q+/Q-).
The operating characteristic is definite time or inverse time. The value of the thresholds is
expressed in percentage of the rated power. The function [37Q] is inhibited at 0.5% of Sn.
This function relies on the method of the three or two wattmeters, depending on the
selected variant.
Function [37Q] is operational when the following condition is met: Q 3.1% P. In other
words, for a threshold of active power of 1%, a break of the tripping characteristic at 0.32 Pn.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 105
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.11.2
Setting
1 to 120 % of Sn
Definite time-delay:
t(Q<) - t(Q<<)
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60ms
Q+, Q- or Q+/-
* between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 106
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.12.1
The power factor management function or cos allows to measure the power factor of an
installation at measurement location and to control the capacitors banks installed to
compensate reactive power close to the loads.
The power factor, which is defined as the ratio between active power used over the apparent
power, is a measurement of an installation's efficiency.
As a matter of fact, output in kW is related to the active power of electrical energy. A weak
power factor, meaning close to 0, is usually the result of using an inductive load, for example
transformers, lighting ballasts and induction motors, especially motors with insufficient load.
This function allows, depending on the measured power factor, to monitor the connection or
the load shedding of the capacitors banks. This, in order to accurate the power factor, and to
check if the loads of the feeders behave in an inductive or capacitive way. This way, the
operator can be warned on a possible malfunction of the capacitors banks or on the
necessity to compensate reactive energy at a certain place.
In order to perform this, 2 thresholds are available, FP< and FP<<, which can be set according
to 3 modes: lead / lag / lead-lag using values between 0.1 and 0.99, for instantaneous output
or with a time delay you can set between 40ms and 300 s.
The Reset percentage for these thresholds FP< and FP<< can be set between
0.1 to 0 .99.
3.6.12.2
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 107
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.12.3
0.10 to 0.99
Definite time-delay:
t(FP<) t(FP<<)
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
reset percentage
0.10 to 0.99
3.6.12.4
Setting
60ms
In France, reactive power is not invoiced to industrial users supplied with high tension if the
tangent of their installation is lower than 0.4. This corresponds to a power factor of 0.93.
The function of control of power factor can therefore be used to meet this condition.
The power factor function can allows managing a circuit breaker for capacitors banks. The
Reset percentage must be set in such a way that when the capacitors banks are connected,
the status of the output does not change.
Example:
The threshold (FP<) is set to 0.6. If this threshold is reached, a capacitors bank is connected.
When this is the case, the power factor increases by at least 0,15. The Reset percentage must
therefore be higher than at least 0.75.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 108
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.13.1
This function allows managing the tangent at a given point in the network. Tangent ,
defined as the ratio of the reactive power over the active power (Q/P), is an indicator for
reactive power usage transiting on part of an installation (transformer, feeder, ).
In industrial processes using electrical energy, only the active energy is transformed by the
production tool into useful energy, either mechanical, thermal or lighting... Reactive energy is
used mainly to feed magnetic circuits of electrical engines (motors, autotransformers...).
Further, some elements within electrical networks of transport and distribution
(transformers, lines...) also use reactive energy in some situations. In order to compensate
for reactive power used by these loads, you may install capacitors banks at immediate
proximity of them.
In addition to this, depending on the subscription contract and during some time frames
here it is limited, reactive energy used by industrial subscribers above a Tg of 0.4 is usually
charged by the energy provider according to the set rules and prices.
Function [Q/P] (reactive power / active power) can also be activated and so alert the
subscriber on the instantaneous value of the network Tg and also implicitly provide
information on proper working of reactive power compensation devices. In order to do so, 2
thresholds, tg > and tg >>, which can be set between 0.1 and 9.99 (operational between
6 < < 84.28) can be used as instantaneous outputs or with a time delay that can be set
between 40ms and 300 s. The reset percentage on these thresholds tg > and tg >> can be
set from 0.1 to 9.99. Its operating characteristic is definite time.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 109
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.13.2
3.6.13.3
Setting
0.10 to 9.99
Definite time-delay:
t(FP<) - t(FP<<)
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
Reseting percentage
0.1 to 9.99
60ms
< 55ms
6 < < 84,28
Working mode
* between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 110
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.14.1
The function of maximum of integrated power enables monitoring of the averaged value of
active or reactive power used during a T time. This is a progressing average that is
recalculated after each measurement in relation to the displayed T time.
Let p be the input quantity and t the integration time displayed on the protection (5 to
60 minutes).
The integrated request on p will be:
< p >=
1 T
. p(t ).dt
T t t
So at any t moment t multiple of 60 s, the protection calculates the average of the p power
measures between the t instant and the t- t instant, which corresponds to the signal surface
between these two moments. Every 60 seconds, the protection displays the calculated
average.
The function of Maximum of integrated power P and Q offers a configurable threshold P
and a configurable threshold Q using 3 modes: power provided (Export: P/Q+) or used
(Import: P/Q -), or provided and used (Export / Import: P/Q +/-). The operating
characteristic is definite time. The value of the thresholds is expressed in percentage of the
rated power.
3.6.14.2
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 111
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.14.3
Threshold P>
Threshold Q>
Integration period (shared value)
TIME DELAYS DES FUNCTIONS P AND Q
Definite time-delay:
t(P>) - t(Q>)
CHARACTERISTICS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Setting
1 to 120 % of Sn
1 to 120 % of Sn
5 to 60 min
steps of 1 min
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Values
60ms
EXPORT, IMPORT or
EXPORT/IMPORT
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 112
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.14.4
We will examine building an integrated request with an integration period set to 5 minutes,
provided at the t = 0 instant, the input quantity is null and stayed null for a period of time T >
5 minutes.
The protection performs a calculation of the progressing average of the variable P over a
period of 5 min.
-
At instant T = 0, the current has been null since t-t = 5 min, so <I> = 0.
At instant t = 2.5 min, the protection calculated the averaged value of I between instant
t = 2.5 min and instant t-t = 2.5 min <I> = I/2 (between instant t = 0 and instant
t = + 2.5 min, the protection displays 10 intermediate results).
Between instant t = + 2.5 min and instant t = + 5 min, the value <I> remains unchanged
and equal to I/2, since the average does not vary.
At instant t = 7.5 min, the value <I> is back to null (after the display of 10 intermediate
results).
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 113
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.15.1
Presentation [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 /
NPSC800RE
The function of synchronism check is mainly used for the interconnection of two parts of an
electrical network, with no risk for the equipments (short-circuit, impact of charge, stress of
the machines over the network) while taking care of the protection of people and property.
As described in section Overview of the current chapter, the synchronism check [25] function
is common to both versions and provides with measurement of amplitude, angle and
frequency differences for the voltage on either side (busbar & line) of a paralleling circuit
breaker, in order to avoid any short-circuit or load impact during the paralleling operation.
Activation of relay C is permanent as long as these conditions are met.
Synchro-check is performed when the two sections are powered, by checking the following
four parameters.
Voltage difference (U)
The device permanently measures the absolute value of deviation for both voltages
inputs. When these conditions are met, in other words when voltage measurement
difference is lower than the set (U), LED L1 lits on the front face. A last check on the
minimum line voltage, also configurable, then allows or not the paralleling operation.
Angular difference ()
The device permanently measures phase shift between both voltages on either side of
the paralleling circuit breaker. When the appropriate conditions are met, in other words
when angular difference measurement is lower than the set threshold, LED L2 lits on the
front face.
Frequency difference (f)
The device permanently measures the frequency of both voltage sources on either side
of the paralleling circuit breaker. When the appropriate conditions are met, in other
words when frequency difference measurement is lower than the set, LED L3 lits on the
front face.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 114
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
For safety reasons a smoothing time delay allows to check stability of the measurements,
and guarantees voltages are perfectly synchronised.
It is possible to inhibit activation of the device by activating the 2 dedicated inputs, via
software (SMARTSoft) and digital (EL2). The paralleling enabling function is then no more in
operation (unit C inhibited) and the device can then verify measurements.
This function is available on both versions (NPSC800-1/NPSC800R & NPSC800-2/NPSC800RE).
BUS
BUS
CB Position o/o
52 C
EL 4
V1
V2
Relay C
Paralleling authorization
[25 ]
Paralleling
request
+V aux (DJ )
+V aux (EL 3 )
Phase shift
A parameter for phase shift (0 to 360, with a step of 1) is available on the NPSC800RNPSC800RE models, and allows correcting possible phase shifts originated through the
connection of a vector group from a power transformer, if this one is located between the
two sets of measurement reducers.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 115
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
BUS
52B
BUS
11 kV / 6.6 kV
Dy11 (330 )
CB Position o/o
52 C
EL 4
V1
Relay C
Paralleling authorization
V2
[25 ]
Paralleling
request
+ V aux (DJ )
+ V aux (EL 3)
3.6.15.2
Flow chart for [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 /
NPSC800RE
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 116
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.15.3
Setting characteristics for [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and
NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE
Setting
50 to 100% Un
with steps of 5% Un
1 to 15% Un
with steps of 1% Un
1 to 20
with steps of 1
0.01 to 1.5 Hz
with steps of 0.01Hz
0.01 to 0.2 Hz/s
with steps of 0.01Hz/s
Setting
0 to 300 s
with steps of 0.01 s
3.6.15.4
Setting advices for [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and NPSC800-2 /
NPSC800RE
3.6.15.4.1 Principle of [25] NPSC800-1 / NPSC800R and
NPSC800-2 / NPSC800RE
The function of synchronism check is mainly used for the interconnection of two parts of an
electrical network, with no risk for the equipments (short-circuit, impact of charge, stress of
the machines over the network) while taking care of the protection of people and property.
For overall application of safety rules, a smoothing time delay allows checking stability of the
measurements, and guarantees voltages are perfectly synchronised.
However, when this coupling request has to be performed quickly (automatic reclosing, for
example) this time delay can be very demanding in case it has been set between 10 and 20
seconds.
It is therefore possible to accelerate this operation. This solution implies that the paralleling
authorisation will be given in non-synchronism conditions, with value shifts towards
conditions slightly above ideal conditions.
The intrinsic relation between time, shift and closing angle that is kept over time is as
follows:
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 117
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
S=
D 1000
180 T
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 118
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.16.1
LINE
CB Position o/o
52C
EL 4
V1
Relay C
Paralleling Authorization
V2
[25 ]
EL 6
Paralleling
request
+V aux (DJ )
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 119
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.16.2
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 120
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.16.4
The settings for voltage thresholds aim at identifying the following situations:
- Live line dead bus: LL-DB
- Dead line live bus: DL-LB
- Dead line dead bus: DL-DB
Checking the presence of line and bus voltage is performed, for each voltage using an
overvoltage threshold (dedicated to the presence of the voltage) and an undervoltage
threshold (dedicated to control without voltage). For each of these configurations, both
thresholds are associated with a definite time-delay, as to guarantee stable measurement. A
paralleling authorisation can only be issued at the end of this time delay.
The recommended settings are as follows:
- Thresholds U> for line power (LL) and bus power (LB) set to 100 V.
- Thresholds U< for no voltage on line (DL) and no voltage on bus (DB) set to 40 V.
The following flow chart illustrates the situations which can occur according to the measured
line and bus voltage.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 121
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.17.1
Reconnection mode is an extension for function [25], synchronism check, since it enables
faster and/or automatic paralleling of two sections fed by the same source. If the
reconnection mode is always used, function [25] can be inhibited.
This function is only available on the NPSC800-2 or NPSC800RE models.
It is possible to activate this function by selecting the 2 dedicated inputs, via software
(SMARTSoft) and digital (EL8).
In reconnection mode, checking synchronism is performed when both sections are powered
by controlling voltage difference (U) and angular difference ().
When reconnection conditions are met, output relay G is activated, after a programmable
time delay, as to allow the closing command for the paralleling circuit breaker.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 122
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.6.17.2
3.6.17.3
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
with steps of 40ms
100ms to 500ms
with steps of 10ms
Setting characteristics for the voltage difference (U) and angular difference () thresholds
are the same as function [25].
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 123
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7 Tripping curves for [27] [27P] [37P] [37Q] and [32P] [32Q] [47]
[59] [59N]
3.7.1.2 Inverse time delay for IEC [27] [37P] [37Q] standard
k (G / Gs)
T + +
t =
1 (G / Gs)
-
t
G
Gs
Tripping time
Value of the measured quantity
Threshold value for the programmed quantity
, K
T ++
These curves are limited to a value range of G between 0.2 and 0.9 Gs.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 124
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Limit of curves
between 0.03
and 3 seconds
0.140
0.02
13.5
80
Inverse time
Very inverse time
Extremely inverse time
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 125
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.1.2.2 Tripping curves with inverse time for IEC [27] [37P] [37Q]
0.14 (G / Gs)0.02
T + + For 0.2 < G/Gs < 0.9
t =
0.02
1
(
G
/
Gs
)
1000.000
100.000
T++ 3s
10.000
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.000
T++ 0.03s
0.100
0.010
0.10
1.00
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 126
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.1.2.3 Tripping curves with very inverse time for IEC [27] [37P] [37Q]
13.5 (G / Gs)
t =
1 (G / Gs)
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
10.00
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.00
T++ 0.03s
0.10
0.01
0.10
1.00
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 127
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.1.2.4 Tripping curves with extremely inverse time IEC [27] [37P] [37Q
80 (G / Gs)2
T + + For 0.2 < G/Gs < 0.9
t =
2
1
(
G
/
Gs
)
10000.000
1000.000
100.000
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
10.000
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1.000
0.100
0.010
0.10
1.00
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 128
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.1.3 Inverse time delay for ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] standard
3.7.1.3.1 ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P] [37Q] equation
The NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE and NPW800-NPW800R models allow for the selection of
3 curves with inverse time according to the ANSI/IEEE standard for the undervoltage [27],
active power [37P] and reactive power [37Q] functions.
The typical equation for these curves is as follows:
A * (G / Gs )
t = T + + *
+
B
1
(G/Gs)
t
G
Gs
Tripping time
Value of the measured quantity
Threshold value for the programmed quantity
, A, B
T ++
These curves are limited to a range of values of G between 0.2 and 0.9 Gs
Limit of curves
Choose
between 0.03
and 3 seconds
0.0515
0.02
0.1140
19.61
0.4910
28.2
0.1217
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 129
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.1.3.3 Tripping curves with moderately inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P]
[37Q]
0.0515 * (G / Gs )0.02
1
(G/Gs)
Ans i inve rs e m in
10000.00
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10.00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1.00
0.10
0.01
0.10
1.00
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 130
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.1.3.4 Tripping curves with very inverse time for ANSI/IEEE ANSI/IEEE [27]
[37P] [37Q]
19.61 * (G / Gs )2
t = T + + *
+ 0.4910 For 0.2 Gs < G < 0.9 Gs
2
1 - (G/Gs)
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 131
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
10.00
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.00
T++ 0.03s
0.10
0.01
0.10
1.00
G/Gs
3.7.1.3.5 Tripping curves with extremely inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [27] [37P]
[37Q]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 132
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
28.2 * (G / Gs )2
1
(G/Gs)
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
10.00
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.00
T++ 0.03s
0.10
0.01
0.10
1.00
G/Gs
3.7.1.4 Inverse time delay with electromechanical type for [37P] [37Q]
3.7.1.4.1 Inverse time equation with electromechanical type for [37P] [37Q]
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 133
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
t
G
Gs
T ++
T++
0.339 - (0.236 (G Gs)
Tripping time
Value of the measured quantity
Threshold value for the programmed quantity
Multiplying factor between 0.03 and 3 s.
3.7.1.4.3 Setting advices for inverse time with electromechanical type of [37P]
[37Q]
Please refer to the examples related to the IEC standard.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 134
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
10.00
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.00
T++ 0.03s
0.10
0.01
0
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 135
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 136
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.2 Inverse time delay for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] standards
3.7.2.2.1 Equation for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59]
The NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE and NPW800-NPW800R models allow for the selection of
3 curves with inverse time according to the IEC 60255-4 standard for the following functions:
-
* NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE only
t = T + + *
(G/Gs)
1
t
G
Gs
Tripping time
Value of the measured quantity
Value of the programmed quantity
, K
T++
These curves are limited to a range of values of G between 1.1 Gs and 20 Gs.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 137
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
0.140
0.02
13.5
80
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 138
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.2.2 Tripping curves with inverse time for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59]
t=
0.140 T + +
For 1.1Gs < G < 20 Gs
(G/Gs)0.02 1
IEC curve s w ith inve rse tim e
10000,00
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10,00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1,00
0,10
0,01
1
10
100
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 139
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.2.3 Curves with very inverse time for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59]
t=
13.5 T + +
For 1.1Gs < G < 20 Gs
(G/Gs) 1
Courbes CEI temps Trs Inverse
10000.00
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10.00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1.00
0.10
0.01
1
10
100
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 140
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.2.4 Curves with extremely inverse time for IEC [32P] [32Q] [47] [59]
t=
80 T + +
For 1.1Gs < I < 20 Gs
(G/Gs)2 1
IEC curve s w ith e x tre me ly inve rse time
10000,00
1000,00
100,00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10,00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1,00
0,10
0,01
1
10
100
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 141
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.3 Inverse time delay for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59] standards
+
t = T *
B
(G/Gs) 1
t
G
Gs
Tripping time
Value of the measured quantity
Threshold value for the programmed quantity
, A, B
Curve limits
0.0515
Choose from
19.61
0.03 to 3 s
28.2
0.02
0.1140
0.4910
0.1217
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 142
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.3.3 Tripping curves with moderately inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [32P]
[32Q] [59]
0.0515
10000.00
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
t(s)
T++ 1s
T++ 0.5s
10.00
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
T++ 0.03s
1.00
0.10
0.01
1.00
10.00
100.00
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 143
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.3.4 Tripping curves with very inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q] [59]
19.6
t = T + + *
+ 0.4910 For 1.1 Gs < G < 20 Gs
2
(G/Gs) 1
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
10.00
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.00
T++ 0.03s
0.10
0.01
1
10
100
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 144
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.3.5 Tripping curves with extremely inverse time for ANSI/IEEE [32P] [32Q]
[59]
28.2
t = T + + *
+ 0.1217 For 1.1Gs < G < 20 Gs
2
(G/Gs) 1
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
10.00
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.00
T++ 0.03s
0.10
0.01
1
10
100
G/Gs
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 145
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
3.7.2.4 Inverse time delay with electromechanical type for [32P] [32Q]
3.7.2.4.1 Equation inverse time with electromechanical type for [32P] [32Q]
The NPW800-NPW800R models allow for the selection of 3 curves with inverse time
according to the IEC 60255-4 standard for the following functions:
- Maximum of active power [32P]
- Maximum of reactive power [32Q]
The typical equation for this curve is as follows:
t=
t
G
Gs
T ++
T++
0.236
0.339 (G/Gs)
Tripping time
Value of the measured quantity
Threshold value for the programmed quantity
Multiplying factor between 0.03 and 3 s.
3.7.2.4.2 Application inverse time with electromechanical type for [32P] [32Q]
Use of this characteristic is recommended when selectivity with other network protections is
not required.
3.7.2.4.3 Setting advices for inverse time with electromechanical type for [32P]
[32Q]
Please refer to the examples related to the IEC standard.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 146
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
1000.00
100.00
T++ 3s
10.00
T++ 2.5s
T++ 2s
T++ 1.5s
T++ 1s
t(s)
T++ 0.5s
T++ 0.4s
T++ 0.3s
T++ 0.2s
T++ 0.1s
T++ 0.05s
1.00
T++ 0.03s
0.10
0.01
1
10
100
G/Gs
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 147
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
See 3.7.1.5 P
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 148
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
4 Protecting generators
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 149
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
At first, stator currents are only limited by the direct axis subtransient reactance X"d,
and this during a period defined by the T"d time constant (mainly conditioned by the
dampers circuits).
A few cycles after short-circuit begin, the dampers circuits being in operation, the
currents are limited by the direct axis transient reactance X'd and they decrease at a
speed set by the time constant T'd to reach a constant amplitude which is determined
by the internal electromotive value E and the direct axis synchronous reactance Xd.
-
Initially equal to ten times the rated current In, the amplitude of the short-circuit
currents decreases to stabilise at a value usually lower to In, due to the high value
of the synchronous reactance Xd. Implementation of voltage regulators allows
sometimes to keep the fault current at a level above the rated current.
This type of fault can be detected by the overcurrent function with voltage restrained unit
[51V] or by the function with minimum of impedance [21], which are able to work despite
the current decrease whilst offering a threshold higher to the rated current as regards to
normal operation conditions, and a time delay compatible with the selectivity required by
downstream protections.
The function with minimum of impedance [21] of the NPG800-NPG800R offers a solution for
this use.
In the particular case where the permanent short-circuit current in the generator keeps a value
mostly higher to In, we can make use of one or several of the overcurrent functions [51-1] [51-2] of
the NPG800-NPG800R.
Fed by the CTs of phases on the neutral side of the windings, these protections also protect
against all faults originating in the winding, these faults being responsible for generating
currents of the same kind as outside faults.
The NPG800-NPG800R models are specialised in the protection of generators and they
monitor a greater part of the windings than overcurrent protections. In order to obtain faster
protection and to monitor nearly all windings of the machine, it is necessary to use a
differential protection. This protection detects instantaneously, phase-to-phase faults
occurring in the machine windings, sometimes producing low level currents which can
remain undetected by other protections.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 150
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
VA VB r
VB VC r
VC VA
Z1 = r r , Z 2 = r r , Z 3 = r r
IA IB
IB IC
IC IA
In order to reach stability during faults occurring at the secondary of transformer blocs (in
particular with star delta coupling), the operating characteristic is represented by a circle
which is centred on the origin of chart R-X. Two distinct thresholds (Z< and Z<<) are available
(see figure 57) for minimum of impedance (2 concentric circles). Each threshold is associated
with a definite time characteristic.
To connect with phase-to-neutral voltages (3V/3I), the function is activated when one of the
three impedance vectors Z1, Z2 or Z3 enters one of the tripping circles. With phase-to-phase
voltages (2U/3I), only the impedance vectors Z1 and Z2 are involved.
The function is also secured thanks to a current threshold IZ>, which can be set between
0.1 In and 0.4 In, authorising tripping.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 151
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 152
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Setting
0.10 to 2.00 Zn
with steps of 0.01 Zn
Threshold IZ>
0.10 to 0.40 In
with steps of 0.05 In
setting
0.04 to 300 s
CHARACTERISTICS
60ms
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 153
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Z <=
0,8 Z [ 51]
Z relay
0,8
=
Un
3 1,7 I n
= 0,50
Un
3 In
4.1.2 Function of overcurrent and with restrained voltage [50] [51] [50V] [51V]
on NPG800-NPG800R
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 154
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
overcurrent function threshold by also measuring the voltage and so obtaining the functions
[50V] [51V].
This function has three distinct thresholds for the overcurrent with voltage restrained unit
[51-1V] [51-2V] and [50V] functions linked with a definite or inverse time characteristic for
thresholds [51-1V] and [51-2V]; threshold [50V] being associated with definite time
characteristic.
The protection is activated when one of the currents reaches the current threshold adjusted
by the voltage.
The current threshold is modified by the voltage as follows:
Ir =
Ir
3
x 4
0. 2
Un
%Ir
[50V][51V]
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
%Un
Fig. 63: Modification of the thresholds [51-1] [51-2] and [50] according to the voltage.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 155
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
100
t (s)
T ++ = 1 sec /
T ++ = 1 sec /
10
I/Is
Fig. 64: IEC curve with inverse time depending on the measuring voltage.
4.1.2.2 Flow charts for [50] [51] [50V] [51V] on NPG800-NPG800R
Fig. 65: Overcurrent function with restrained voltage unit [50] [50V]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 156
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Fig. 66: Overcurrent function with restrained voltage unit [51] [51V]
Setting
0.3 to 10 In
with steps of 0.1 In
0.3 to 10 In
with steps of 0.1 In
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Setting
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 157
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60ms
*: between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10.0 s and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 158
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
t = C t ln
I 2 I
gen
b
Ct
Ib
Ipre
Igen
As to obtain a more realistic image of the thermal constraints to which the generator is
submitted, we take into account the positive component of the current and its negative
component, reduced using a k factor (representative for the unbalance).
I gen
I positive + K * I negative
Before tripping (for a thermal state of 100 %), a thermal alarm is generated when the
thermal state reaches an alarm threshold which can be set between 80 and 100 %.
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 159
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
100000
10000
t(s)
1000
100
10
1
1
10
I/Ib
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 160
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
I gen
E k = E k 1 +
Ib
t
t
2.
E k 1 .
Cte
Cte
Setting
Ib = 0.40 to 1.30 In
steps of 0.01 In
80 to 100 % thermal
steps of 1%
0 to 9
steps of 1
Setting
4 to 400 min
steps of 1min
* The setting for the cooling time constant CTR is active when the generator is considered to
be stopped, meaning as soon as current Igen becomes lower to 0.5 % of Ib. When current Igen
becomes higher to 0.5 % of Ib, the generator is considered in operation and in this case, CTR =
CTE (1x).
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 161
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 162
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Function [46] offers two configurable thresholds. The first one (I2>) is used for the alarm and
the second one (I2>>) for tripping. Detection of unbalances is based on the measurement of
the negative component of line currents. The tripping characteristic to choose for this
negative component is inverse time (curve extremely inverse), the curve equation follows the
type (Ii/In)2.t = constant. These curves are defined to 100% of Ineg/In. Limitation of the curves
can be set between 0.1 and 10 seconds.
The alarm characteristic for the negative component is definite time.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 163
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
10000.00
1000.00
100.00
t(s)
4
8
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Min tripping value at 10s
10.00
1.00
0.10
0.01
0.1
10
100
Ii/In
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 164
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Setting
0.03 to 0.50 In
steps of 0.01 In
Setting
0.1 to 10 s
step: see *
0.04 to 300 s
Definite time-delay - t(I2>>) / t(I2>)
step: see *
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
60ms
*: between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10.0 s and 29.9 s with steps of
0.1 s, between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s
**: curves defined for 100% of Ineg/In
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 165
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
In_CT
Ii perm
1050 A
In_CT
1000 A
Ii perm
10 %
15 s
To protect this generator, we will use threshold I2>> for tripping and associate it with the
inverse time characteristic (curve extremely inverse), the equation for the curves is of type
(Ii/In)2.t = constant. Threshold I2> will be used for alarm, associated with definite time delay.
Threshold I2>> is used to trip the network generator when the duration and the level of
negative current reaches the suitable limits for the generator. According to the rated current
for the generator and for the CTs, the rate of negative component allowed and the setting
steps, the threshold I2>> is set at 0.10. In_CT. This setting allows to detect negative current
lower to the permanent withstand of the machine. Constant C is set to 15 seconds, known
value on the inverse current curve suitable for the generator. The minimum tripping duration
is set to 2 seconds.
Threshold I2>, used for alarm, is set to a lower level than threshold I2>>. It indicates an alarm
when negative current is equal to 80% of the permanent withstand, meaning a setting of
0,08 In_CT with definite time-delay set to 60 seconds.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 166
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Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 167
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Fig. 70: Tripping zone for the minimum of active power function [32RP]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 168
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Setting
1 to 120 % of Sn
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
0.1 to 20 s
with steps of 0.01s
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
60ms
*: between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10.0 s and 29.9 s with steps of
0.1 s, between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1 s
**: 0.5 % between 1 and 20%, 1 % between 20 and 40%, and 3% between 40 and 120%
The tripping curves characteristics for function [32P] are equivalent to the ones presented in
section 3.7.2 Tripping curves for [32P] [32Q] [47] [59] [59N].
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 169
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
RP > =
0,10 S n _ machine
S n _ relay
= 0.09.S n
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 170
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
The operating and characteristics of threshold [32P] are absolutely identical to those of
the NPW800-NPW800R as described in section 3.6.8 Maximum of active power function of
[32P] NPW800-NPW800R. The operating and characteristics of threshold [37P] are also
identical to those described in section 3.6.10 Minimum of active power function of [37P]
NPW800-NPW800R.
The operating and characteristics of the thresholds [32Q] are absolutely identical to
these of the NPW800-NPW800R models described in section 3.6.9 Maximum of reactive
power function of [32Q] NPW800-NPW800R. The operating and characteristics of threshold
[37Q] are also identical to those described in section 3.6.11 Minimum of reactive power
function of [37Q] NPW800-NPW800R.
The operating and characteristics of the two thresholds [81O] and of the two thresholds
[81U] are absolutely identical to these of the NPW800-NPW800R models described in
section 3.6.7 Function under frequency and over frequency of [81] NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE
and NPW800-NPW800R.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 171
Print: 10/10/2012
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PROTECTING GENERATORS
The operating and characteristics of the two thresholds [27] are absolutely identical to
these of the NPW800-NPW800R models described in section 3.6.2 Undervoltage function [27]
NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE and NPW800-NPW800R.
The operating and characteristics of the two thresholds [59] are absolutely identical to
these of the NPW800-NPW800R models described in section 3.6.5 Function overvoltage of
[59] NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE and NPW800-NPW800R.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 172
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Isolated neutral and use of a Max of zero sequence voltage [59N] function to monitor
displacement of the neutral point with the NPG800-NPG800R protection, fed by a VT
to be installed between the neutral point of the machine and the earth.
High impedant neutral and use of a current relays fed via a CBCT on the earthing
connection. With function [64] of the NPG800-NPG800R models set to about 1 A, this
solution protects 90 % of the windings for earthing limited to 10 A.
When a generator feeds directly the network, the place and nature of its connection to the
earth are sometimes imposed by the network characteristics.
Flow chart on figure 73.a shows the case of a network with isolated neutral and VT between
the neutral point of the generator and the earth:
If the generator is the sole supply source for the network, function [59N] of the
NPG800/NPG800R is required. This function can also detect a fault circulating in the stator
before the paralleling of the generator on the network.
On the contrary, if the network is wide enough, a selective protection can be obtained
through use of a sensitive zero-sequence current protection like the NPIH800/NPIH800R
[51N], working on the capacitive current of the network. A Max of zero sequence voltage
protection NPUH800/NPUH800R [59N] used to monitor neutral point displacement should
in this case be fed by VTs connected to the busbars.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 173
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Flow chart on figure 73.b shows the case of impedant network and neutral point of the
generator non-earthed:
With function [59N] the NPG800/NPG800R models can detect a fault circulating in the stator
before the paralleling of the generator on the network.
If the network is large enough, a simple sensitive zero-sequence current protection
NPIH800/NPIH800R [51N] allows rapid elimination of an internal fault whether or not the
presence of parallel sources.
Flow chart on figure 73.c shows the case of the neutral point of the generator earthed:
It is still possible to use function [64] of the NPG800/NPG800R range, fed by a CBCT installed
in the earthing connection, provided this earthing is exclusive in the network and the value
at which the earth fault current is limited is low enough to be supported by the machine
during the protection time delay (this time delay being necessary for selective fault clearance
in the network). In fact, this solution only applies to small size networks.
Flow chart on figure 73.d shows the case of several machines working in parallel or when the
network offers several earthing system device:
This case when the earthing is done at machine level leads to implement an automatic
switching system for these neutral points, so that only one is effectively in operation, or you
may also use a sensitive directional zero-sequence current protection like types
NPIHD800/NPIHD800R [67N]. These protections are usually fed via a CBCT, as to obtain a
maximum sensitivity.
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NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 174
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 175
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PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 176
Print: 10/10/2012
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PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 177
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PROTECTING GENERATORS
Inhibition of the
time delay by
digital input
&
NI,VI,EI,RI
V0
> V0s
Delayed output
Instantaneous
output
Setting
0.02 to 0.80 Un
with steps of 0.01 Un
Setting
Definite time-delay
t(Vo >) - t(Vo >>)
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
60ms
33 V to 120 V
(with steps of 0.1 V)
* between 0.06 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 178
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
6 kV network
VT = 6 kV /
3 / 100 V / 3
Uonrel =57.7 V
Tripping value calculated for the first threshold in case of a zero-sequence fault: 10 %
of the network phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 1 s.
Tripping value calculated for the second threshold in case of zero-sequence fault:
20 % of the network phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 0.5 s.
For the first threshold, the low threshold Vo > for function [59N] will be used with the
following setting:
According to the broken delta wiring of the VTs, the voltage applied to the protection
will be three times the measured voltage. (i.e. Vr)
Vo > = 0.1 x 3 x Uonrel = 0.3 Uonrel
The time delay t(Vo>) will be set to 1 s.
For the second threshold, the high threshold Vo >> for function [59N] will be used
with the following setting:
According to the broken delta wiring of the VTs, the voltage applied to the protection
will be three times the measured voltage.
Vo> > = 0.2 x 3 x Uonrel = 0.6 Uonrel
The time delay t(Vo>>) will be set to 0.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 179
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
6 kV network
3 / 100 V / 3
Unrel =57.7 V
Tripping value calculated for the first threshold in case of zero-sequence fault: 10% of
the network phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 1 s.
Tripping value calculated for the second threshold in case of zero-sequence fault: 20%
of the network phase to neutral voltage with a definite time delay of 0.5 s.
TP = 6 kV /
For the first threshold, the low threshold Vo > for function [59N] will be used with the
following setting:
V0 > = 0.1 x Unrel = 0.1 Unrel.
The time delay t(Vo>) will be set to 1 s.
For the second threshold, the high threshold Vo >> for function [59N] will be used
with the following setting:
V0 >> = 0.2 x Unrel = 0.2 Unrel
The time delay t(Vo>>) will be set to 0.5 s.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 180
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 181
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Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Setting
0.03 to 2.4 In0
with steps of 0.01 In0
Definite time-delay
t (Io>) t (Io>>)
step: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01s
CHARACTERISTICS
Values
60ms
* between 0.06 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01s, between 10 and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s.
** to obtain the value to be set on the protection, divide the desired value at the primary
by 20. This coefficient takes into account the transformation ratio 100/1 of the CBCT and the
earth range for the protection 0.2 A.
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 182
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
As to provide maximum protection to the generator windings, this protection will be set at its
minimum threshold (0.6 A) with a sensitive time delay of 100ms, knowing that with a
threshold of 0.6 A the protection protects 94 % of the stator windings of the machine.
Calculating the thresholds and parameters to display on the protection:
- Function [64] will be used with the following setting: Io> = 0.6/20=0.03.
- the operating characteristic will be definite time and the time delay set to 0.1 s.
Note: 20 = coefficient which takes into account the transformation ratio 100/1 of the
CBCT 100/1 and the earth range for the protection 0.2 A.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 183
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Fig. 76: Flow chart P-Q for the function loss of field [40]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 184
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
The protection uses measurement of the internal impedance of the generator. This
protection is performed by an impedance function with shifted circular feature (MHO) in an
R-X impedance flow chart. This function offers two thresholds (Y< and Y<<) associated with a
definite time characteristic.
This circular feature grants to the protection a great working safety as it authorises all
permanent or transitional stable working conditions which come with violent oscillations of
the active and reactive power with the network after fault clearance.
The time delay thresholds enables to oversee these power oscillation following the
elimination of a violent network fault, whilst detecting the loss of excitation which is typical
for absorption of reactive power during asynchronous operation.
Fig. 77: Flow chart R-X for the loss of field function [40]
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 185
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Setting
0.08 to 0.40 Zn
steps of 0.01 Zn
0.50 to 5 Zn
steps of 0.05 Zn
Setting
0.04 to 300 s
step: see *
Values
CHARACTERISTICS
60ms
*: between 0.04 and 9.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 10.0 s and 29.9 s with steps of
0.1 s, between 30 and 300 s with steps of 1s
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 186
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
I n _ CT
I n _ GTG
I n _ CT
I n _ GTG
U n _ GTG
U n _ VT
U n _ GTG
U n _ VT
= 2.204
= 0.28
750 6600
= 2.31 Znrelay
717 6600
750 6600
= 0.293 Znrelay
717 6600
2 Calculating the settings of X1 and X2 for the NPG800 1st threshold (Y<)
X'd_relay
X 'd_relay
2
= 2.31
0.293
= 2.15 Znrelay
2
2
0.293
=
= 0.15 Znrelay
2
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NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 187
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
The faults detected by the threshold Y< are excitation faults, so this threshold will be set
between 1 and 3 seconds, as to avoid trippings during the transitional periods (major fault
on the network).
t(Y<) = 1 s
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 188
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
E
f
The magnetic flux is therefore proportional to the ratio of the voltage over the frequency
U/f.
For economic reasons, magnetic circuits are used to work with a maximum induction.
Lowering frequency and increasing voltage lead to higher flux and saturation of the magnetic
circuit. This translates into higher heating which can lead to destruction of the magnetic
circuit.
A ratio E/f higher to the rated value leads heating at magnetic circuit level. We can say that
the resulting temperature increase is a direct consequence of the ratio E/f.
The higher the threshold is exceeded, the greater the temperature increase will be, the
shorter the action time must be. This is why it is interesting to use an inverse time
characteristic, possibly completed with a second threshold with definite time.
Measurement is performed on phase-to-phase voltages UAB, UBC or on phase-to-neutral
voltages VA, VB and VC depending on the wired mode (3I-2U or 3I-3V).
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 189
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
U Us
>
F Fs
Settings
80 % to 200 % Un/Fn
steps of 0.01 Un/Fn
Settings
0.2 to 10 s
step: see *
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
T++: 0.03 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
CHARACTERISTICS
Settings
Measurement dynamic
45 to 55 Hz or 55 to 65 Hz
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
60ms
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 190
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
PROTECTING GENERATORS
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 191
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
This chapter details these basic functions, all integrated in the motor protections of range
NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE, as well as their additional functions.
You can only choose between a unique (multifunction protection) or an combination of
several protection systems (multifunction protection and additional protections) after a
detailed study of the installation constraints, the start conditions and the thermal constant
parameter for the motor to protect (its power alone is not a sufficient criteria to choose the
type of protection).
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 192
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 193
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Issue: f
This thermal state is obtained after a given t time obtained through the following relation
(IEC 60255-8 standard):
I 2 mot I 2 pre
t = C t * ln 2
2
I mot I ref
-
Ct: thermal time constant (in seconds) for the motor, depending on the operating
mode.
Iref: rated current for which the motor reaches a maximum thermal state of 100 % in
stabilised operation (Iref is set in percentage of the rated current In).
Ipre: load current of the motor at its initial state.
Imot: real load current of the motor at instant t:
In order to gain a more realistic image of the thermal constraints to which the motor is
submitted, we take into account the positive component of the current (representative of
the motor torque) and the negative component weighted by a factor K (accounting for the
unbalance). This K factor allows to take into account the heating created by the negative
component which are, for a given current value, higher than those created by the positive
component.
Before tripping (for a thermal state of 100 %), a thermal alarm is generated when the
thermal state reaches is alarm threshold, which can be set between 80 and 100 %.
5.1.1.2 Time constant of [49] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE
Time constant Ct, used by the thermal image varies according to three operation modes,
depending on starting threshold IDem and on the locked rotor function (please refer to the
section dedicated to this function).
5.1.1.2.1 Start mode (Imot > Idem start threshold) [49] NPM800-NPM800RNPM800RE
The start threshold Idem is determined according to Iref.
The start operation of the motor happens when current Imot is higher to the set start
threshold Idem.
During the start period, heating is faster than with normal operating mode, as the motor has
not yet reached its normal speed. The heating time constant can therefore be lowered.
In order to achieve this, we multiply constant CTE by a start factor FD lower to 1:
Start time constant Ct = FD * CTE.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 194
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
5.1.1.2.2 Normal operating mode (Imot < Idem start threshold) of [49] NPM800NPM800R-NPM800RE
The motor is considered at normal operating mode, when current Imot is lower to the start
threshold Idem.
In this case, the motor heating time constant CTE is not reduced:
Ct = CTE
5.1.1.2.3 Cooling mode (Imot < 0.05 Idem start threshold) [49] NPM800NPM800R-NPM800RE
As to reflect the various cooling modes of motors, the NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE
models offer a set cooling time constant (which is activated at machine stop).The motor is
considered in stop state when current Imot becomes < 0.05 Idem. When a motor is not supplied
any more, its speed rapidly decreases and the time constant increases, due to a reduced
efficiency of the cooling system:
Cooling time constant CTR = 1.0 to 6.0 * CTE.
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 195
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 196
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
I t
t
E k = E k 1 + mot. . E k 1.
Cte
I ref Cte
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 197
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Characteristics
Values
4 to 180 min
with steps of 1min
0 to 9
with steps of 1
50 to 100 %
with steps of 1%
80 to 100 % thermal
with steps of 1%
40 to 100 % thermal
with steps of 1%
In protection = 5 A
* manufacturer data
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 198
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
the load factor Fc for the motor. If the motor load factor is lower to its rated value,
coefficient Fc is not used (case of an oversized motor). If the motor is to be used at
its rated value, Fc must be included between 1.05 and 1.07 (these values
correspond to a permanent overload of 5 to 7 % without reaching tripping via the
thermal unit). This parameter must be determined during the setting study, and it is
not a setting parameter for the protection.
I mot 2 I pre 2
ln
I 2 I
ref
mot
Where:
-
t = tripping time (in seconds) for the thermal protection when starting
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 199
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Imot
= 5 (450A/90A)
Iref
= 1.07
Ipre
=1
With a result of 7.26 s, taking account of the motor starting time (4 s), we can set 90 % for
the restart inhibition thermal threshold.
Weighting using the negative component:
Since the measurement reducers belong to class 5 P, and since the installation is not
subjected to strong unbalanced currents, the negative sequence weighting factor will be set
to 9. Therefore, unbalances lower to the operating threshold of the measurement unit of the
negative component [46] will be taken into account for calculating the thermal image.
Setting the starting factor
The starting factor will be set to 90 %, weighing the heating constant during starting periods.
Setting the alarm threshold
As a complement, you can set the alarm threshold to 95 %, so that operating persons are
warned before tripping of the motor by the thermal unit.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 200
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 201
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Characteristics
Values
1 to 10 s
with steps of 1 s
0.2 to 10 s
with steps of 10ms.
0.20 to 0.80 In
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 202
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
5.2.5 Tripping curve depending on the negative phase sequence current for
[46] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 203
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 204
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Issue: f
Setting
3.0 to 12.0 In
with steps of 0.1 In
Setting
0.04 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
Characteristics
Values
60ms
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 205
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 206
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Issue: f
most sensitive detection of double faults to the earth at two distant locations of the same
network.
5.4.2 Flow chart for [51N] NPM800-NPM800R-NPM800RE
Setting
Active/inactive
Definite time-delay
0.04 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
0.03 to 0.40 In
with steps of 0.01 In
0.03 to 0.40 In
with steps of 0.01 In
0.04 to 3 s
with steps of 0.01 s
Characteristics
Values
60ms
* 100/1 CBCT and with use of an adapter case BA800 for 1500/1 CBCT
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 207
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 208
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Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 209
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Issue: f
Motor stop
< 5%.Idem
I1
100ms
&
> Idem
Td
Normal operating
Max
&
> 5%.Idem
I3
Td/4
> 5%.Idem
&
< 15%.Idem
Starting
Cooling
CTR
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 210
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Characteristics
Values
1 to 10 Iref
with steps of 0.1 Iref
2 to 200 s
with steps of 1 s
0.2 to 10 s
with steps of 0.1 s
In protection = 5 A
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 211
Print: 10/10/2012
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Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 212
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 213
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Issue: f
Characteristics
Values
1 to 4
with steps of 1
15 to 60 min
with steps of 1 min
15 to 60 min
with steps of 1 min
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 214
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Number of starts = 2
Tnd = 60 min
Tint = 60 min
Note: The function start inhibition using the thermal image complements the number of
starts limitation for hot motor control.
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 215
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
I1
Delayed output
<Is
Ipos
I3
Instantaneous
&
< 5%.Idem
100ms
Motor stop
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 216
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Characteristics
Values
0.1 to 2.4In
steps of 0.1 In
0.05 to 120 s
step: see *
* between 0.05 and 0.99 s with steps of 0.01 between 1 s and 59.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 60 and 120 s with steps of 1s
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 217
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Characteristics
Time delay for load shedding
Values
0.06 to 120 s
Steps: see *
* between 0.06 and 2.99 s with steps of 0.01 s, between 3 s and 29.9 s with steps of 0.1 s,
between 30 and 120 s with steps of 1s
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 218
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Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
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Date: 09/2012
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the protection orders tripping and the above conditions are met.
Characteristics
Cut kA alarm (over tripping)
Number of circuit breaker operations
Range
1 to 64000000
1 to 10000
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 221
Print: 10/10/2012
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Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
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Date: 09/2012
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Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
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Issue: f
85 255 Vdc
85 255 Vdc
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 225
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Issue: f
Values
0.5 s - fixed
Values
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 226
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Notes:
- the chosen value for the failure threshold has an indirect influence on the values
measured by the protection (noise threshold).
The three graphics in the flow chart [BF] illustrate this function:
Curves 1 represent normal operation of a circuit breaker with a tripping order followed by a
current and voltage measurement, at the end of the tBF time delay, lower to the fault
threshold(s) of the circuit breaker. (no current / no current or voltage.)
Curves 2 represents a faulty operation of a circuit breaker with a tripping order followed by
a current and voltage measurement, at the end of the tBF time delay, higher to the fault
threshold(s) of the circuit breaker. (no current / no current or voltage.)
Curves 3 represents a faulty operation of a circuit breaker with a tripping order not followed
by the opening of the circuit breaker poles. (no current / no current or voltage.)
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 227
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Upon reaching the threshold for one of these functions, via an output relay used as
an instantaneous, activate* the logic selectivity input of the protection located
immediately upstream to add a delay to its tripping time delay.
Send a tripping order to the associated circuit breaker; tripping occurs if no delay
order is received from the protection located immediately downstream.
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 228
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
I
X
0.1s
0.3s
t1
ta(sl)
El(sl)
t2
B
X
Instantaneous
Output unit
t1
0.1s
A
I= I fault
El(sl) = Digital input dedicated to the logic selectivity
1= tripping time = t1
2= tripping time if (sl) = 1 => t2= t1+ ta(sl)
2= tripping time if El(sl) = 0 => t2= t1
0.4s
0.1s
t1+ta(2)
t1(1)
"A" FAULT
t1(2)
0.1s
"B" FAULT
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 229
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Issue: f
Characteristics
Values
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 230
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Output unit is held after fault clearance, function [86]. Reset occurs by activating a
digital input, or via the digital communication dedicated to this function, or by the
local HMI. In case of lack of auxiliary voltage, the position of the assigned output
relay(s) for function 86 is memorised in the flash memory of the protection.
Consequently, upon return of the auxiliary tension, the output relay(s) find back the
position they had before the supply switched off.
Output unit reset if the fault has been cleared at the end of the pulse order.
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 231
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
6.4.3 LEDs
The protection has four programmable yellow LEDs which can be dedicated to:
-
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Date: 09/2012
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Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
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Date: 09/2012
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When a protection receives a load shedding order and the circuit breaker is already open, it
ignores this order and the following reloading command.
6.5.4 Reloading
This command is executed independently of any level, and only if the protection previously
received a load shedding command. The reclosing command is given at reloading time delay
expiry, which can be set independently for each protection.
In case of local mode switching, the reloading will not be executed.
Characteristics
Values
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 235
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
In tripping mode, activating an input leads the start of the programmable initiating time.
Upon expiry of this delay, an alarm or a tripping is activated.
A time stamped event indicating the function name is automatically added to the logbook.
In Report mode activating an input leads to recording an event with a time stamp in the
logbook.
Characteristics
Values
Activation time
15ms
Application example: for a power transformer, processing the Buchholz contacts and the
thermostat in order to time stamp events with redundant alarm circuits and tripping of these
direct protections.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 236
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
6.8 Events
6.8.1 Recording/acknowledgement
When a protection sends a tripping order, an event is automatically generated. The event
function enables recording of the last 250 events, and of the last 200 in case of an auxiliary
power failure. The oldest events are deleted first from the protection memory (FIFO stack).
You may program a LED to indicate that an event must be acknowledged. To perform
acknowledgement locally, you must press the button CLEAR than ENTER on the protection.
You may also use the SMARTsoft settings software or the digital communication link.
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 237
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Type of event
Appearance / disappearance (appearance in the simplified reading mode)
Timestamp with a 10ms step
Electrical values measured during the tripping
Active setting group.
Simplified mode: only events like trippings and alarms are recorded. Use of this
mode is recommended if the operator acknowledges events via the local HMI.
Complete mode: tripping like events, instantaneous events and signalisation as well
as their appearance/ disappearance are recorded. This mode is especially useful for
equipment implementation or when a protection is linked to a supervisor and we
want to have access to a logbook with all events related to this protection.
6.8.4 Timestamp
When it is powered on, a protection uses the relative time mode, the time reference is
maintained using the time base clocked by the internal quartz of the protection.
The time is kept for at least 72 h in case of lack of auxiliary supply.
After having set the time at protection level using a PC or the communication network. The
protection then switches to non-synchronous time.
When time stamped messages are sent at an interval lower to a minute, the protection
works in synchronous time mode, which allows for events timestamp des events with
accuracy at least equal to 10ms.
Characteristics
Accuracy
<10 s/jour
<10 s/jour
10ms
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 238
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
6.9 Disturbances
The disturbances function allows recording 4 disturbances, each of them of 52 cycles. The
pre-time is programmable from 0 to 52 periods. The sampling frequency is of 12 points per
cycle.
The format used is binary COMTRADE. The disturbances files can be read on the
communication network MODBUS.
The PC configuration software SMARTsoft allows making use of these disturbances: transfer,
viewing, saving, printing, measurement of various times, measurement of instantaneous
amplitudes and efficient amplitudes
It is also possible to perform a manual tripping for disturbances, via the PC configuration
software, a dedicated input or a network control-command.
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 239
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 240
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Issue: f
6.11 Communication
The protection offers an optional network communication function RS485 on the rear panel
of the protection. This function is independent from the RS232 communication interface on
the front panel.
The possible communication protocols available are as follows:
MODBUS
- IEC 870-5-103 (please contact us)
The data necessary for the setting of the communication parameters are the following:
-
Slave number.
Character transmission mode.
Transmission speed in Baud.
Transmission format.
Characteristics
Values
Slave number
1 to 255
Transmission speed
300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800,9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200 bauds
ASCII format
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Date: 09/2012
Sheet 241
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Issue: f
TABLE OF FIGURES
FIG. 1: EXAMPLE OF A PROTECTIVE SYSTEM FOR A POWER TRANSFORMER ....................................................... 18
FIG. 2: [50] [51-1] [51-2] FUNCTIONS WITH DEFINITE TIME-DELAY ...................................................................... 19
FIG. 3: [50] [51-1] [51-2] FUNCTIONS WITH INVERSE TIME DELAY ....................................................................... 19
FIG. 4 : EXAMPLE OF A PROTECTION FOR A POWER TRANSFORMER'S INCOMING FEEDER ................................ 24
FIG. 5: PHASE OVERCURRENT DIRECTIONAL FUNCTION [67] ............................................................................... 25
FIG. 6: EXAMPLE OF A NETWORK FITTED WITH DIRECTIONAL PHASE PROTECTION (1) ....................................... 26
FIG. 7: EXAMPLE OF A NETWORK FITTED WITH DIRECTIONAL PHASE PROTECTION (2) ....................................... 27
FIG. 8: PRINCIPLE OF MEASUREMENT FOR A DIRECTIONAL FUNCTION [67] ........................................................ 28
FIG. 9: EXAMPLE OF ZERO-SEQUENCE VOLTAGE PROTECTION ON A BUSBAR ..................................................... 34
FIG. 10: FUNCTION MAX OF ZERO SEQUENCE VOLTAGE [59N] (CALCULATED MODE) ......................................... 34
FIG. 11: FUNCTION MAX OF ZERO SEQUENCE VOLTAGE [59N] (MEASURED MODE) ........................................... 35
FIG. 12: FUNCTIONS WITH EARTH FAULT OVERCURRENT [50N] [51N] WITH DEFINITE TIME .............................. 38
FIG. 13: FUNCTION WITH EARTH FAULT OVERCURRENT [51N] WITH INVERSE TIME ........................................... 38
FIG. 14: EXAMPLE OF A NETWORK FITTED WITH A DIRECTIONAL ZERO-SEQUENCE CURRENT PROTECTION (1) . 41
FIG. 15: EXAMPLE OF A NETWORK FITTED WITH A ZERO-SEQUENCE CURRENT DIRECTIONAL PROTECTION (2) . 42
FIG. 16: DIRECTIONAL FUNCTION WITH MAXIMUM OF ZERO SEQUENCE OVERCURRENT [67N] ........................ 44
FIG. 17: ZERO-SEQUENCE CURRENT PROTECTIONS ON A NETWORK WITH EARTHED NEUTRALS........................ 46
FIG. 18: EXAMPLE OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION HV/LV .................................................................................. 50
FIG. 19: TRANSFORMER HTB/HTA AND REF AT THE PRIMARY ............................................................................. 50
FIG. 20: EXAMPLE OF HV/MV TRANSFORMER PROTECTION ................................................................................ 51
FIG. 21: TRANSFORMER HTB/HTA AND REF ON THE SECONDARY........................................................................ 52
FIG. 22: CABLE THERMAL IMAGE FUNCTION [49] ................................................................................................. 54
FIG. 23: FUNCTION THERMAL IMAGE FOR TRANSFORMER [49] ........................................................................... 58
FIG. 24: FUNCTION MAXIMUM OF NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE CURRENT [46] ................................................. 62
FIG. 25: DETECTION OF BROKEN CONDUCTOR FUNCTION [46BC]........................................................................ 65
FIG. 26: EXAMPLE OF CO-ORDINATION STUDY ON A TRANSFORMER .................................................................. 68
FIG. 27: EXAMPLE OF VOLTAGE PROTECTION ON A HV NETWORK ...................................................................... 80
FIG. 28: POWER PROTECTION CONNECTED ON A HV NETWORK.......................................................................... 80
FIG. 29: PARALLELING MANAGEMENT OF BUSBARS WITH NPSC800-NPSC800R ................................................. 81
FIG. 30: UNDERVOLTAGE [27] FUNCTION ON NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE ...................................................... 83
FIG. 31: UNDERVOLTAGE FUNCTION [27] ON NPW800-NPW800R ...................................................................... 83
FIG. 32: POSITIVE SEQUENCE UNDERVOLTAGE FUNCTION [27P] ......................................................................... 87
FIG. 33: FUNCTION MAXIMUM OF NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE VOLTAGE [47] ................................................. 89
FIG. 34: FUNCTION OF PHASE OVERVOLTAGE [59] ON NPU800-NPU800R-NPU800RE ........................................ 92
FIG. 35: FUNCTION OF PHASE OVERVOLTAGE [59] ON NPW800-NPW800R ........................................................ 92
FIG. 36: FUNCTION OF OVER FREQUENCY [81O] .................................................................................................. 96
FIG. 37: FUNCTION OF UNDER FREQUENCY [81U] ................................................................................................ 96
FIG. 38: FUNCTION OF OVER FREQUENCY [81O] .................................................................................................. 97
FIG. 39: FUNCTION OF UNDER FREQUENCY [81U] ................................................................................................ 97
FIG. 40: OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUNCTION [32P] ........................................................................ 99
FIG. 41: FUNCTION MAXIMUM OF ACTIVE POWER [32P] ................................................................................... 100
FIG. 42: OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUNCTION [32Q] ...................................................................... 101
FIG. 43: MAXIMUM OF REACTIVE POWER FUNCTION [32Q] .............................................................................. 102
FIG. 44: OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTION [37P] ............................................................................. 103
FIG. 45: FUNCTION MINIMUM OF REACTIVE POWER [37P] ............................................................................... 104
This document is the sole property of
the ICE. No duplication nor release to
third party is allowed without prior
authorization.
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 242
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 243
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
FIG. 93: APPLICATION FLOW CHART #3 FOR FUNCTION [74TC] ......................................................................... 224
FIG. 94: OPERATING CURVES OF [BF] .................................................................................................................. 227
FIG. 95: LOGIC SELECTIVITY IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................. 229
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 244
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Application guide
NP800-NP800R
Date: 09/2012
Sheet 245
Print: 10/10/2012
Issue: f
Reference: A331F