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    DFT Rules

    Uploaded by

    Salahuddin Farooqui
    This document provides guidelines for measuring and evaluating dry film thickness (DFT) to determine if a coating meets a specification. It addresses questions like how to adjust DFT gauges, how many measurements to take in different areas, and how to interpret the measurements using decision rules like 80-20 or 90-10. The 80-20 rule means no more than 20% of readings can be below the minimum specified DFT, and the minimum DFT cannot be below 80% of what is specified. Factors are provided to adjust measurements for surface roughness or DFT below 30 microns.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    DFT Rules

    Uploaded by

    Salahuddin Farooqui
    5K views4 pages
    This document provides guidelines for measuring and evaluating dry film thickness (DFT) to determine if a coating meets a specification. It addresses questions like how to adjust DFT gauges, how many measurements to take in different areas, and how to interpret the measurements using decision rules like 80-20 or 90-10. The 80-20 rule means no more than 20% of readings can be below the minimum specified DFT, and the minimum DFT cannot be below 80% of what is specified. Factors are provided to adjust measurements for surface roughness or DFT below 30 microns.

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    DFT rules

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    This document provides guidelines for measuring and evaluating dry film thickness (DFT) to determine if a coating meets a specification. It addresses questions like how to adjust DFT gauges, how many measurements to take in different areas, and how to interpret the measurements using decision rules like 80-20 or 90-10. The 80-20 rule means no more than 20% of readings can be below the minimum specified DFT, and the minimum DFT cannot be below 80% of what is specified. Factors are provided to adjust measurements for surface roughness or DFT below 30 microns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5K views4 pages

    DFT Rules

    Uploaded by

    Salahuddin Farooqui
    This document provides guidelines for measuring and evaluating dry film thickness (DFT) to determine if a coating meets a specification. It addresses questions like how to adjust DFT gauges, how many measurements to take in different areas, and how to interpret the measurements using decision rules like 80-20 or 90-10. The 80-20 rule means no more than 20% of readings can be below the minimum specified DFT, and the minimum DFT cannot be below 80% of what is specified. Factors are provided to adjust measurements for surface roughness or DFT below 30 microns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    HEMPEL

    DFT-RULES

    R 17a

    WHY:
    How to control that specification is met?
    How many measurements should be taken?
    How to decide after having taken the measurements?
    What is max. DFT?

    VERY
    RELEVANT
    QUESTIONS

    The customer buys a certain dry film thickness according to the specification.
    Ideally he should not get less.
    In practice we know that a job is never perfect, but on the other hand
    insufficiencies should not be too large neither in quantity (Area) nor
    in quality (DFT).
    Here decision rules come in e.g. the so-called "80-20", "90-10" or
    similar rules.

    HOW DO THEY WORK?

    "80 - 20"
    Quality
    (DFT)
    dft must not be less than
    80% of the specified

    Quantity
    (Readings)
    A maximum of 20% of the readings
    may be below specified dft.

    Many other combinations of figures for the rule can be used and the sum
    does not necessarily have to be 100.
    When employed, the usual figures for various segments and areas are:
    "80-20"

    Shipbuilding including tank coatings with Resistance


    Guides. Offshore and Onshore constructions.

    "90-10"

    Containers.

    The Rules are good for general surfaces, - but it is always recommendable
    to check areas difficult to paint e.g. rear sides of bulb-profiles etc. separately.

    HOW MANY MEASUREMENTS TO TAKE?


    The accuracy of making the correct decision is invariably linked to taking
    a certain amount of readings at random.
    Guidelines to how many readings to take are indicated on page R17b.

    HOW TO DECIDE:
    Example by the "80-20"-Rule:
    80-:
    No reading may be below 80% of that specified
    without repair being undertaken.
    -20:
    Not more than 20% of the measurements may be in the
    range from 80 - 100% of that specified without repair
    being undertaken.

    INSPR17a ed2

    VALIDITY SUBJECT TO CONFIRMATION

    /02/03 EMi

    HEMPEL
    DFT-RULES

    R 17b

    HOW MANY MEASUREMENTS TO TAKE?


    Several international as well as local standards are now paying
    interest to statistical methods, when checking dft.
    Today both ISO and SSPC has issued standards.
    Below is quoted the sampling plan described in ISO 19840.
    For details please refer to the standard.
    Area/length of
    inspection area
    m or m

    Minimum number
    of measurements

    Maximum number of
    measurements allowed
    to be repeated

    up to 1
    above 1 to 3
    above 3 to 10
    above 10 to 30
    above 30 to 100
    above 100*

    5
    1
    10
    2
    15
    3
    20
    4
    30
    6
    20% of the minimum
    add 10 for every
    additional 100 m or number of measurements
    100 m or part
    thereof
    Area above 1000 m or m should be divided into smaller areas

    Please further refer to the standards acceptance and rejection criteria.


    as well as the standards special correction values for steel surface
    roughness.
    Containers
    Checking container-dft is very important because of
    the general low dft specified for these and the intense
    manufacturing procedures.
    Therefore very frequent checks, many measurements and the use
    of the "90 - 10" Rule are necessary.
    A different measurement procedure - taking full advantage of
    modern electronic equipment - is used as a part of an integrated
    reporting system.
    Chemically Resistant Tank Coatings
    Also here correct dry film thickness is very important.
    1 reading pr every 2 sqm is recommended.
    Other important standards
    SSPC-PA 2 should be noted. When specified, please refer to the
    standards specific text for procedures and decision rules.
    INSPR17b, ed4

    VALIDITY SUBJECT TO CONFIRMATION

    17/05/05 EMi

    HEMPEL

    Code of Practice

    Code of
    Practice
    HEMPEL'S
    Code of Practice No. 0209-1

    Dry film thickness measurements


    What to use when:
    Dry film thickness pr coat and in
    total for the coating system specified
    are essential parts of the painting
    specification.
    They have influence on the protective
    lifetime of the coating, but also have
    a significant influence on how much
    paint is needed and thus the cost of
    the coating system.
    Measurement of dry film thickness
    (DFT) is normally non-destructive
    and easy to carry out with magnetic
    or electromagnetic gauges. Together
    with the visual appearance of the
    applied coating DFT is the primary
    check of compliance with the
    painting specification.
    The most modern types of gauges
    can hold a lot of measurements, and
    they can be adjusted in various ways.
    This has led to several opinions even national and international
    standards - about how to adjust
    them: On smooth plate? or on the
    rough, abrasive blasted surface?, and
    how?

    HEMPELS Painting Specifications


    are based on practical experience
    and
    assume
    that
    check
    of
    DFT-compliance
    follows
    the
    procedures stated in this Code of
    Practice.
    However if customers specifications
    state one of the references given
    below, requirements in this reference
    must be observed.
    How to adjust the dft-gauge:
    A plate of smooth, clean metallic
    substrate of the same kind as the
    construction is to be used for
    adjustment. Ordinary steel, high
    strength ordinary steel and low
    alloyed steel are considered the
    same substrate.
    The size of the plate should be
    minimum 30 x 30 x 3 mm, except
    for constructions of lower thickness
    than 3 mm. In this case the
    thickness of the adjustment plate
    should be the same as for the
    construction within 0.2 mm.

    Before carrying out dry film thickness measurements, it is therefore


    imperative that the directions as
    stated in the specification are fully
    understood and followed.

    The temperature during adjustment


    should be at or near to that
    prevailing during the taking of the
    readings/ measurements.

    z How shall the dft-gauge be


    adjusted?
    z How many measurements to take,
    and where?
    z How to interpretate the measurements and how to decide?

    References:
    Various international references are
    available. Some of these are:

    These issues must have been


    clarified
    before
    the
    practical
    inspection is initiated.

    16/12/2002 ed.1 EMi

    EN ISO 2808:1999, Paints and


    varnishes - Determination of film
    thickness.
    prEN ISO 19840:2002, Measurement
    and acceptance criteria for, the dry film
    thickness on rough surfaces.
    SSPC-PA 2: Measurement of Dry Paint
    Thickness with Magnetic Gages.
    -1-

    Code of Practice

    Code of Practice

    HEMPEL

    Code of Practice No. 0209-1


    DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS
    The recommendations given below are HEMPEL recommendations.
    Other recommendations exist, see References overleaf .
    What is a reading/measurement:
    A reading/measurement is the value displayed when the probe is placed on the
    coated substrate.

    How to take the measurements:


    The surface roughness of the substrate must have been checked using an ISO 8503-1
    or similar comparator and recorded/reported prior to the measurements.
    The coat/coating to be measured must be sufficiently hard dry to resist the
    indentation of gauges probe.

    Table 1: Possible situations


    Condition of
    substrate

    Specified
    film
    thickness

    How to take the


    measurement

    Comments

    Roughness
    within interval
    specified in the
    HEMPEL
    Painting
    Specification.

    Dry film
    thickness
    30 micron
    or above.

    Place the probe on the


    coated surface and take
    the reading/
    measurement

    Compensation for
    roughness has already been
    done in the HEMPEL
    Painting Specification.

    Roughness
    within interval
    specified in the
    HEMPEL
    Painting
    Specification

    Dry film
    thickness
    below
    30 micron

    A separate smooth panel


    must be coated together
    with the object.
    Take the reading
    /measurement on this
    panel.

    Mainly used for prefabrication/ shopprimers .


    Measured values to be
    compared to specified DFT
    (rough surface) multiplied
    by factor indicated in table
    2 below.

    Roughness
    more coarse
    than specified
    in the HEMPEL
    Painting
    Specification

    Dry film
    thickness
    30 micron
    or above

    Place the probe on the


    coated surface and take
    the reading/
    measurement..

    Measured values to be
    compared to specified DFT
    after adding to the latter
    the figure indicated in table
    3 below..

    Table 2:
    Relative adjustment
    factor for dfts below 30 micron:

    Table 3:
    Relative adjustment figure for
    deviation in roughness:

    Surface
    roughness

    Surface
    roughness

    Factor

    Rz = 75 Rz = 40 Smooth
    micron micron
    1,66

    1,33

    add micron

    Specified: Actual: Specified: Actual:


    Fine
    Medium Medium Coarse
    10

    15

    Where, and how many measurements to take, and how to decide?:


    If a sampling plan is specified in the painting specification, follow this. Otherwise as
    judged necessary in order to make a proper recommendation.
    Measurements taken should be noted down and reported. As a minimum: Number of
    measurements, average value and minimum and maximum reading.

    16/12/2002 ed.1 EMi

    -2-

    Code of Practice

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