Removal of Lead Ions by Nife2o4 Nanoparticles
Removal of Lead Ions by Nife2o4 Nanoparticles
Removal of Lead Ions by Nife2o4 Nanoparticles
Abstract
Nickel ferrite nanoparticles have been prepared by polymeric precursor method. The nanoparticles application in the removal of lead
ion was investigated. The results showed that the adsorptive properties were dependent on pH, duration and temperature. Highest
percentage (99%) lead adsorption was observed under basic condition at room temperature during 1 h stirring. Analysis of lead
adsorbed nickel ferrite by powder XRD, FTIR and XPS techniques revealed the adsorption took place based on hydroxide mechanism.
The lead salt formed on the surface of the ferrite powder was identified to be lead carbonate and lead hydroxy carbonate at pH 7 and
9 respectively.
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2. EXPERIMENTAL
2.1. Materials
A. R grade Nickel Chloride, Ferric Chloride and Lead acetate
purchased from Qualigens and Alginic acid (19-25%) from Sd
fine chem. Ltd. were utilized
2.4. Characterization
NiFe2O4 and lead adsorbed NiFe2O4 samples were
characterized by powder X-ray diffraction method (Cu K, D8
Advance, Bruker). The average particle size was determined
using
Scherrer formula. The Infrared spectra (FTIR
spectrometer, model JASCO 4100) were recorded using KBr
disc technique. Scanning Electron Microscopic analysis of the
samples was carried out using FEI QUANTA FEG 200 HR
Scanning Electron Microscope. The XPS spectra were
recorded using ESCA model VG3000 system.
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CO 2 2OH CO 3
Pb 2 CO 3
H 2O
PbCO 3
Pb 2 OH CO 3
Pb 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2
CONCLUSIONS
Nickel ferrite, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by polymeric
precursor method has been applied to remove lead ions from
aqueous solution. Adsorption efficiency under neutral and
basic (pH = 9) conditions has been studied. It is observed that
longer duration and elevated temperature (50 C) lead to lesser
adsorption. The oxide removes 99 % of lead at room
temperature (29 C) under basic condition during one hour
contact. Examination by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic
techniques reveal that lead gets adsorbed on the surface of the
ferrite due to the accumulation of negative charge on the
surface and forms lead hydroxide and carbonate. The easily
separable spinel nanoferrite is regenerated by gentle dilute
acid wash.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank VIT University for providing all required
facilities to carry out the experiments.
REFERENCES
[1]. Z.Cheng, A.L.K.Tan, Y.Tao, D.Shan, K.E.Ting, X.J.Yin,
Int. J Photoenergy. 2012 (2012) 1-5.
[2]. J.D.Navratil, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 248 (2001) 571574.
[3]. N. Savage, M. S. Diallo, J. Nanopart. Res. 7 (2005) 331342.
[4]. N.N. Mallikarjuna, A.Venkataraman, Talanta. 60 (2003)
139.
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Time
pH
7
73
79.5
---
12 h
1h
12h
FIGURE CAPTIONS
Fig.1. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the products
formed at different temperatures (a) 700 C, (b) 800 C, (c)
900 C and d) 1000 C (*-Fe2O3)
Fig 2 Powder XRD patterns of Pb adsorbed NiFe2O4
nanoparticles at different pH conditions for 1h adsorption and
the spinel oxide collected after desorption
Fig 3 FTIR spectra of (a) parent NiFe2O4 and Pb adsorbed (1h
duration) NiFe2O4 at (b) pH=7, (c) pH=9
9
77
99
23
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Fig 1
Fig 2
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Fig.3
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Fig 4
500nm
Fig 5
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Fig 6
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Fig 7
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