(vmygap

paom)
pum;ukd
igrqkd?
q&mESifhwuGaom
oifwdkYukd
tukokdvfw&m;wdkYvnf;aumif; tukokdvf tpkodkY a&mufaom w&m;wdkYvnf;aumif;
wnfapvkdvnf; (vmygap paom) pum;ukd igrqkd? q&mESifh wuGaom oifwdkYudk
ukokdvfw&m;wdkYrSvnf;aumif;
ukokdvftpkodkYa&mufaom
w&m;wdkYrSvnf;aumif;
uif;uGmapvkdvnf; (vmygap paom) pum;ukd ig rqkd/ edaj*m" pifppfaomfum;
]]ry,f&ukefao;aom npfnL;jcif; (udavom)\ tmHkjzpfukefaom b0opfukd
jzpfapwwfukefaom ylyefjcif;ESifh ,SOfukefaom qif;&JusKd;ukd ay;wwfukefaom
aemiftcg
y#doaEaejcif;
tkdjcif;
aojcif;ukd
jzpfapwwfukefaom
tukokdvfw&m;wdkYonf &Sdukef\? ,if; w&m;wdkYukd y,f&ef igonf w&m;ukd a[m\?
a[monfhtwkdif; usifhukefaom oifwdkYonf npfnL;jcif; (udavom)\ tmHkjzpfaom
w&m;wdkYukd y,fazsmufukefvwUH? jzLpifjcif;ukd jzpfap wwfaom (orx0dyem)
w&m;wdkYonf wkd;yGg;ukefvwHU? r*fynm\ jynfhpHkjcif; zkdvfynm\ jyefYajymjcif;ukdvnf;
rsufarSmufb0 ukd,fwkdif xl;aom Pfjzifh rsufarSmufjyKum uyfa&muf
ae&ukefvwHU}}[k (rdefYawmfrl\)/
79/ odkY rdefYawmfrlaomf rm&fewf taESmifht,SufcH&onfh pdwf&Sdaom olwdkYonf
xkdifae ukefouJhodkY twl xkdy&dAkdZfwdkYonf wdwfqdwfndK;i,fpGm OD;acgif;ikdufpkduf
rsufESmatmufcs rIdifawGukefvsuf pum;rqkdEkdifukefbJ xkdifaeMuukef\/
xkdtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; odkYaom tMuHonf jzpf\? ]] (r*fzkdvfrS)
tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom oltm;vHk;wdkYonf rm&fewf yl;0ifaeukef\? xdkYaMumifh
wpfa,mufaom oltm;rQvnf; odkYhaom tMuHonf rjzpfvwHU ]ckepf&uftwGif;
t&[wzkdvf &Ekdif r&Ekdif pHkprf;od&Sd&ef tvdkYiSgaomf vnf; igwdkYonf
&[ef;a*gwrtxH
tusifhjrwf
]jA[p&d,}ukd
usifhukeftHh?
ckepf&ufonf
tb,fjyKtHhenf;}[k tMuHrjzpfvwHU}} [l (tMuHjzpf\)/
xdkYaemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf O'kr&dum rdzk&m;\ y&dAkdZft&H (olwpfyg;\
rdpm'd|d0g'ukd wkdufzsuf rdrd\ orm'd|d0g'ukd xlaxmifonfh w&m;awmfukd) &J&ifhaom
toHjzifh usL;&ifh rdefYMum;awmfrl aumif;uifodkY ysHwufNyD;vQif *dZsuk#fawmif
wnfaeawmfrl\/
oEmeol<u,fonfum; xkdcPyif &mZN*dK[fjynfodkY 0ifavownf;/
ESpfckajrmuf O'kr&duokwf NyD;\/
------

3-pu0wdokwf
rdrdomvQif uRef;BuD;ozG,f rDScdk&mtjzpf
80/ tuREfkfyfonf odkY Mum;emcJh&ygonf -

tcgwpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf r*"wdkif; rmwkvNrKdU oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\/ xdk

(rmwkvNrKdU) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;wdkYukd ]]&[ef;wdkY}}[k ac:awmfrl \/
xdk&[ef;wdkYonf
jrwfpGm
bk&m;tm;
]]toQifbk&m;}}
[l
dkaopGm
jyefMum;avQmufxm;ukef\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf pum;ukd rdefYawmfrl\ &[ef;wdkY oifwdkYonf rdrdomvQif uRef;BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdukefonfjzpf rdrdomvQif
ukd; uG,f&m&Sdukefonfjzpf rdrdrS wpfyg; tjcm;ukd;uG,f&m r&Sdukefonfjzpf
aeukefavmh? w&m;om vQif uRef;BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdukefonfjzpf w&m;omvQif
ukd;uG,f&m&Sdukefonfjzpf w&m;rS wpfyg; tjcm;ukd;uG,f&m r&Sdukefonfjzpf
aeukefavmh/ &[ef;wdkY tb,fodkYvQif &[ef;onf rdrdomvQif uRef;BuD;ozG,f
rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf rdrdomvQif ukd;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf rdrdrSwpfyg; tjcm;ukd;uG,f&m
r&Sdonfjzpf w&m;omvQif uRef;BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf w&m;omvQif
ukd;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf w&m;rS wpfyg; tjcm; ukd;uG,f&mr&Sdonfjzpf aeoenf;/
&[ef;wdkY (omoemawmf) &[ef;onf jyif;pGmtm;xkwfvsuf qifjcifvsuf
owd&Sdvsuf kyftaygif; kyf taygif;[k tzefzefIvsuf avmu vkdcsifwyfrufjcif;ESifh
ESvHk;romjcif;ukd y,fazsmuf ae\/ cHpm;rI ]a0'em} wdkY cHpm;rI ]a0'em}[k
tzefzefIvsuf/y/ pdwf pdwf[k tzefzefIvsuf/y/ jyif;pGmtm;xkwfvsuf qifjcifvsuf
owd&Sdvsuf oabmw&m;wdkY oabmw&m;[k tzefzefI vsuf avmu
vkdcsifwyfrufjcif;ESifh ESvHk;romjcif;ukd y,fazsmuf ae\/ &[ef;wdkY odkYvQif
&[ef;onf
rdrdomvQif
uRef;BuD;ozG,f
rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf
rdrdomvQif
ukd;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf rdrdrSwpfyg; tjcm;ukd;uG,f&m r&Sdonfjzpf w&m;omvQif
uRef;BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf w&m;omvQif ukd;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf w&m;rS wpfyg;
tjcm;ukd;uG,f&m r&Sdonfjzpf ae\/
&[ef;wdkY (oifcspfom;wdkYonf) tz (bk&m;) rS vmonfh tarGjzpfukefaom rdrdwdkY
(&[ef; rsm;)\ usufpm;&mtmHk usufpm;Muukefavmh/ &[ef;wdkY tz (bk&m;) rS
vmonfh tarGjzpfaom rdrdwdkY (&[ef;rsm;)\ usufpm;&m tmHk usufpm;ukefaom
oifcspfom;wdkY\ oEmef (udavompaom) rm&fonf tcGifhukd r&vwHU?
(udavompaom) rm&fonf taMumif;ukd r& vwHU/ &[ef;wdkY ukodkvfw&m;wdkYukd
aqmufwnfjcif;aMumifh qkdcJhonfhtwdkif; ukodkvf ukodkvf\ tusKd;onf
wdk;yGg;\/
'VaerdpMu0aw;rif;
81/ &[ef;wdkY a&S; jzpfzl;onfum; w&m;apmifhaom w&m;ESifhtnD rif;jyKaom
ork'&m av;pif; tydkif;tjcm;&Sdonfh av;uRef;vHk;ukd tpdk;&aom &eftaygif;ukd
atmifjrifaom wdkif;EdkifiH ukd wnfNidrfapaom &wemckepfyg;ESifh jynfhpH kaom
'Vaerdtrnf&Sdaom pMu0aw;rif;onf &Sd\/ xdk ('VaerdpMu0aw;rif;) tm;
&wemckepfyg;wdkYonf &Sdukef\/ (&wemckepfyg;) wdkYum; tb,fenf;?

pMum&wem? qif&wem? jrif;&wem? ywjrm;&wem? rdef;r&wem? olaX;&wem?

ckepfckajrmuf om;BuD;&wemwdkYaywnf;/ xdk ('VaerdpMu0aw;rif;) tm; &J&ifhukefaom
ol&J
aumif;
t*Fkyf&Sdukefaom
wpfzufppfonfwdkYukd
ESdrfeif;Edkifukefaom
taxmifruaom om;awmf wdkYonf &Sdukef\/ xdk (pMu0aw;rif;) onf ork'&mtqHk;
&Sdaom ajrukd wkwfraqmifrl vufeufraqmifrl w&m;ojzifh atmifjrifvsuf
tkyfpdk;\/
82/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg 'Vaerd (pMu0aw;rif;) onf rsm;pGmaomESpf
rsm;pGmaomESpft&m
rsm;pGmaomESpftaxmifwdkY
ukefvGefaomtcg
rif;csif;a,musfm;wpfa,mufukd rdefYqdk\ ]]tcsif;a,musfm; jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wemudk wnfae&mrS tenf;i,frQaomfvnf; avQmusoufqif;onfukd
oifjrifaomtcg ightm; ajymMum; avmh}}[k (rdefYqdk\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdk (rif;csif;) a,musfm;onf ]]rif;jrwf aumif;ygNyD}}[k 'Vaerd
(pMu0aw;) rif;tm; 0efcH\/
&[ef;wdkY xdk (rif;csif;) a,musfm;onf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm ESpft&maygif;rsm;pGm
ESpftaxmif aygif;rsm;pGmwdkY ukefvGefaomtcg jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd
oGm;Edkifaom) pMum &wemudk wnfae&mrS tenf;i,f avQmusoufqif;onfukd jrif \?
jrifvwfaomf 'Vaerd (pMu0aw;) rif;xHodkY csOf;uyf 'Vaerd (pMu0aw;rif;) tm;
pum;ukd avQmuf\ ]]rif;jrwf trSefyif odawmfrlygavmh? oif (rif;jrwf)\ jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&Sd
oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wemonf
wnfae&mrS
tenf;i,f
avQmusoufqif; ygNyD}}[k (avQmuf\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg 'Vaerd (pMu0aw;) rif;onf om;BuD; (tdrfa&SU) rif;om;ukd
ac: pum;ukd rdefYqdk\ ]]cspfom; ig\ jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wemonf wnfae&mrS tenf;i,f avQmusoufqif;owwf? ]tMuif
pMumrif;\ jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemonf
wnfae&mrS tenf;i,f avQmusoufqif;\? xdkpMumrif;onf MumjrifhpGm
toufr&Snf&m}[k ig Mum;zl;\/
igonf
vlUpnf;pdrfcsrf;omwdkYukd
cHpm;cJhNyD?
,cktcg
igonf
ewfpnf;pdrfcsrf;omwdkYukd &SmazG&ef tcsdefwefNyD? cspfom; vmavmh? oifonf
ork'&mav;pif; tqHk;&Sdaom ajrBuD;ukd odrf;qnf; (tkyfpdk;) avmh? igrlum;
qHrkwfqdwfwdkYukd &dwf zef&nfpGef;aom t0wfwdkYukd 0wfNyD;vQif vlUabmifrS
&aohabmifodkY 0ifa&muftHh}}[k (rdefYqdk\)/

83/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg 'Vaerd (pMu0aw;) rif;onf om;BuD; tdrfa&SUrif;om;ukd

rif;tjzpf tkyfcsKyfrI aumif;pGm oGefoifqHk;rNyD;vQif qHrkwfqdwfukd &dwf
zef&nfpGef;aom t0wfwdkYukd 0wfNyD;vQif vlUabmifrS &aohabmifodkY 0ifa&muf \/
&[ef;wdkY 'Vaerd (pMu0aw;) rif; &aoh onf &aohjyKNyD; ckepf&ufajrmufaeY
jrwfaom
(vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&Sd
oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wemonf
uG,faysmufav\/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;csif;a,musfm;wpfa,mufonf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf
tbdoduf
oGef;NyD;aom
rif;xH
csOf;uyfNyD;/
rif;rsKd;jzpfaom
OD;xdyf
tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; ]]rif;jrwf trSefodawmfrlygavmh? jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&SdoGm;Edkifaom)pMum&wem onf uG,faysmufygNyD}}[k avQmuf\/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
jrwfaom
(vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&Sd
oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wem
uG,faysmufonf&Sdaomf
ESvHk;rom
jzpf
av\?
ESvHk;romjzpfjcif;ukdvnf;
(olwpfyg;tm;) ajymMum;av\/ xdkrif;onf rif;&aohxH csOf; uyf rif;&aohtm;
pum;ukd avQmuf\/ ]]rif;jrwf trSefodawmfrlygavmh? jrwfaom (vkd&m t&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemonf uG,faysmufygNyD}}[k (avQmuf\)/
&[ef;wdkY odkY avQmufaomf rif;&aohonf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;
NyD;aom rif;tm; pum;ukd ajymMum;\/
]]cspfom; jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wem
uG,faysmufaomaMumifh ESvHk;rom rjzpfvifh? ESvHk;rom jzpfjcif;ukdvnf; (olwpfyg;tm;)
rajymMum;vifh? cspfom; jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wemonf oifhzcifrS qif; oufvmaom tarGypnf; r[kwf? cspfom;
oifcspfom;onf tjypfuif;aom pMumrif;wdkY\ usifh0wfwdkYukd usifhbdavmh?
wpfq,fhig;&ufajrmufaom (vjynfh) OykofaeY OD;acgif;aq; r*Fvm jyKNyD;vQif
jrwfaom jymom'fxufodkY wuf Oykofaqmufwnfvsuf tjypfuif;aom pMu0aw;
rif; usifh0wfukd usifhaeaom oif (cspfom;) tm; tuefYwpfaxmif&Sdaom
tuGyfykHawmif;ESifh wuGaom tjcif;t&mtvHk;pHk&Sdaom jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&SdoGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wem onf xif&Sm;jzpfay:vwHUaom taMumif;onf
&Sdonfomwnf;}}[k (ajymMum;\)/
------

jrwfaom pMumrif;wdkY\ usifh0wf

84/ rif;jrwf jrwfaom pMumrif;wdkY\ usifh0wf[lonf tb,fygenf;[k
(avQmuf\)/

cspfom; odkYjzpfvQif oif (cspfom;) onf w&m;ukdomvQif trSDjyK w&m;ukdomvQif

tdk taojyKvsuf w&m;ukdomvQif tav;jyKvsuf w&m;ukdomvQif jrwfEdk;vsuf
w&m;ukdomvQif ylaZmfvsuf w&m;ukdomvQif wkyf0yfvsuf w&m;ukdomvQif
wHcGefozG,fjyKvsuf w&m;ukdomvQif rSefuif;uJhodkY jyKvsuf w&m;ukdomvQif
tBuD;trSL;jyKvsuf
twGif;
om;r,m;ponfvnf;
aumif;?
ppfonfAdkvfygvnf;aumif;? t&Hrif;wdkYvnf;aumif;? ykPm;ESifh trsKd;om;wdkYvnf;
aumif;?
ed*Hk;Zeyk'fom;wdkYvnf;aumif;?
orPjAm[PwdkYvnf;aumif;?
om;iSufwdkYvnf; aumif; w&m;ESifhavsmfaom apmifha&SmufrI umuG,frI vHkjcHKaprIukd
pD&ifavmh/
cspfom; oif\ EdkifiHawmf tEdkiftxuf ESdyfpufrIrsm; rjzpfapvifh? cspfom; oif\
EdkifiH awmf ypnf;Opm r&SdolwdkYtm;vnf; ypnf;Opmukd ay;urf;avmh? cspfom; oif\
EdkifiHawmf
tMuiforPjAm[PwdkYonf
rmef,pfjcif;
arhavsmhjcif;wdkYrS
a&SmifMuOfMuukef\? onf;cHjcif; aumif;aom arGUavsmfjcif; wnfMuukef\? rdrd\
pdwfukd qHk;rMuukef\? rdrd\ pdwfukd Nidrfouf apMuukef\? rdrd\ pdwfukd
Nidrf;at;apMuukef\? xdkorPjAm[PwdkYxH avsmufywfaomtcg csOf;uyf
ar;jref;avavmh? pHkprf;avavmh ]]toQifbk&m;wdkY tb,fonf ukodkvfygenf;? tb,fonf tukodkvfygenf;?
tb,fonf tjypf&Sdygoenf;? tb,fonf tjypfr&Sdygoenf;? tb,fukd
rDS0Jtyfygoenf;? tb,fukd rrDS0J tyfygoenf;? tuREkfyf jyKtyfaom tb,fw&m;onf
&SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; tpD;tyGg;rJh jcif;iSg qif;&J jcif;iSg jzpfygoenf;? tuREkfyf
jyKtyfaom tb,fw&m;onf &SnfpGmaom umv ywfvHk; tpD;tyGg;&Sdjcif;iSg
csrf;omjcif;iSg jzpfygoenf;}}[k (ar;jref;avavmh? pHkprf;avavmh)/ xdk (orPjAm[P)
wdkY\ pum;ukd Mum;em tukodkvfw&m;ukd MuOfa&Smifavmh? ukodkvfw&m;ukd
aqmufwnf usifhavavmh? cspfom; onfum; pMu0aw;rif;wdkY\ tjypfuif;aom
usifh0wf wnf;[k (ajymMum;\)/
------

pMum&wem jzpfay:vmjcif;
85/ &[ef;wdkY rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf ]]rif;jrwf
aumif;ygNyD}}[k rif;&aoh\ pum;ukd 0efcH pMu0aw;rif;wdkY\ tjypfuif;aom
usifh0wfukd usifh av\/
wpfq,fhig;&ufajrmufOykofaeY OD;acgif;aq;r*Fvm jyKNyD;vQif jrwfaom
jymom'fxufodkY wuf Oykofaqmufwnfvsuf tjypfuif;aom pMu0aw;usifh0wfukd
usifhaom xdkrif;tm; tuefYwpfaxmif&Sdaom tuGyfykHawmif;ESifhwuGaom tjcif;t&m
tvHk;pHk&Sdaom jrwfaom (vkd&m t&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemonf

jzpfay:vm\? (xdkpMum&wemukd) jrif vwfaomf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom

rif;tm; odkY tMuHjzpf\ ]]wpfq,hfig;&ufajrmuf (vjynfh) OykofaeY OD;acgif;aq;r*Fvm jyKNyD;vQif
jrwfaom jymom'fxufodkY wuf Oykofaqmufwnfaeaom rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf
tbdoduf
oGef;NyD;aom
]tMuifrif;tm;
tuefYwpfaxmif&Sdaom
tuGyfykHawmif;ESifhwuGaom tjcif;t&m tvHk;pHk&Sdaom jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum &wemonf jzpfay:vmjim;tHh? xdkrif;onf
pMu0aw;rif; jzpf\ } [laom pum;udkd ig Mum;zl;\? igonf pMu0aw;rif;
jzpf&moavm}}[k (tMuHjzpf\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
ae&mrSxNyD;vQif tay:Hkpkvsm;ukd ycHk;wpfzuf wif vuf0Jvufjzifh a&u&m;ukd
ukdifvsuf ]]toQif pMum &wemonf vnfapownf;? toQif pMum&wemonf
atmifapownf;}}[k (qdk) pMum &wemukd vusfmvufjzifh a&oGef;zsef;\/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg xdkpMum&wemonf ta&SUt&yfodkY vnfoGm;av\?
ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifh wuG pMu0aw;rif;onfvnf; wygwnf; vkdufygoGm;av\?
&[ef;wdkY pMum&wem&yfwefY&m t&yf ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifh wuGaom pMu0aw;rif;onf
pcef;csae\/
&[ef;wdkY ta&SUt&yf &Sdaom xD;NyKdifrif;wdkYonf pMu0aw;rif;xHodkY
csOf;uyfNyD;vQif ]]rif;BuD; <uvmawmfrlyg? rif;BuD; t&Sif\ vmjcif;onf aumif;aom
vmjcif; jzpfygonf? rif;BuD; (EdkifiHonf) t&Sif\ EdkifiHygwnf;? rif;BuD;
qHk;rawmfrlyg}}[k qkdukef\/
pMu0aw;rif;onf odkY rdefYqdk\? ]]toufukd rowftyf? ray;onfukd r,ltyf?
umr*kPfwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm rusifhtyf? r[kwfrrSefaom pum;ukd rajymtyf?
ao&nfao&ufukd
raomuftyf?
aumufcHjrJ
tcGeftwkwfukdvnf;
aumufcHoHk;pJGMuukefavmh}}[k (rdefYqdk\)/
&[ef;wdkY ta&SUt&yf&Sdaom xD;NyKdifrif;wdkYonf pMu0aw;rif;\ MoZmcHrif;wdkY
jzpfavhukef\/
86/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg pMum&wemonf ta&SUork'&modkY qif;ouf wpfzef
jyefwuf NyD;vQif awmift&yfodkY vnfoGm;av\/y/ awmifork'&modkY qif;ouf
wpfzef jyefwufNyD;vQif taemuft&yfodkYvnf oGm;av\/ ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifhwuG
pMu0aw;rif;onfvnf; wygwnf; vkdufygoGm;av\/ &[ef;wdkY pMum&wem
&yfwefYaom t&yf ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifhwuG pMu0aw;rif;onf pcef;csae\/
xdktaemuft&yf&Sdaom xD;NyKdifrif;wdkYonf pMu0aw;rif;xHodkY csOf;uyfNyD;vQif
]]rif;BuD; <uvmawmfrlyg? rif;BuD; t&Sif\ vmjcif;onf aumif;aom vmjcif;jzpfygonf?
rif;BuD; (EdkifiH onf) t&Sif\ EdkifiHygwnf;? rif;BuD; qHk;rawmfrlyg}}[k qkdukef\/

pMu0aw;rif;onf odkY rdefYqdk\? ]]toufukd rowftyf? ray;onfukd r,ltyf?

umr*kPfwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm rusifhtyf? r[kwfrrSefaom pum;ukd rajymtyf?
ao&nfao&ufukd
raomuftyf?
aumufcHjrJ
tcGeftwkwfukdvnf;
aumufcHoHk;pJGMuukefavmh}}[k (rdefYqdk\)/
&[ef;wdkY taemuft&yf&Sdaom xD;NyKdifrif;wdkYonf pMu0aw;rif;\ MoZmcHrif;wdkY
jzpf avukef\/
87/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg pMum&wemonf taemufork'&modkY qif;ouf wpfzef
jyefwufNyD;vQif
ajrmuft&yfodkY
vnfoGm;av\?
ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifhwuG
pMu0aw;rif;onfvnf; wygwnf; vkdufygoGm;av\? &[ef;wdkY pMum&wem
&yfwefY&m t&yf ppft*Fgav;yg;ESifhwuG pMu0aw;rif;onf pcef;csae\/
&[ef;wdkY ajrmuft&yf&Sdaom xD;NyKdifrif;wdkYonf pMu0aw;rif;xH csOf;uyf odkY
qdkukef\? ]]rif;BuD; <uvmawmfrlyg? rif;BuD; t&Sif\ vmjcif;onf aumif;aom
vmjcif;jzpfyg onf? rif;BuD; (EdkifiHonf) t&Sif\ EdkifiHygwnf;? rif;BuD;
qHk;rawmfrlyg}}[k qkdukef\/
pMu0aw;rif;onf odkY rdefYqdk\? ]]toufukd rowftyf? ray;onfukd r,ltyf?
umr*kPfwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm rusifhtyf? r[kwfrrSefaom pum;ukd rajymtyf?
ao&nfao&ufukd
raomuftyf?
aumufcHjrJ
tcGeftwkwfukdvnf;
aumufcHoHk;pJGMuukefavmh}}[k (qdk\)/
&[ef;wdkY ajrmuft&yf&Sdaom xD;NyKdifrif;wdkYonf pMu0aw;rif;\ MoZmcHrif;wdkY
jzpfav ukef\/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg xdkpMum&wemonf ork'&mtydkif;tjcm;&Sdaom ajrukd
atmifjrifNyD; xdkpMu0aw;rif;\ aejynfawmfodkYomvQif wpfzef jyefvnf
pMu0aw;rif;\ eef;awmfwHcg; vTwfHk;awmfrkcfOD; pMu0aw;rif;\ eef;awmfukd
wifhw,fapvsuf 0ifdk;wyfxm;bdouJhodkY wnfae\/
------

'kwd, pMumrif;ponf taMumif;

88/ &[ef;wdkY ESpfa,mufajrmuf pMumrif;onfvnf;/y/ oHk;a,mufajrmuf
pMumrif;onf vnf;/ av;a,mufajrmuf pMumrif;onfvnf;/ ig;a,mufajrmuf
pMumrif;onfvnf;/ ajcmuf a,mufajrmuf pMumrif;onfvnf;/ ckepfa,mufajrmuf
pMumrif;onfvnf; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm ESpf &maygif;rsm;pGm ESpfaxmifaygif;rsm;pGm
ukefvGefaomtcg rif;csif;a,musfm;wpfa,mufukd trdefY ay;\ ]]tcsif;a,musfm; oifonf jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyif r&SdoGm;Edkifaom)
pMumh&wemudk wnfae&mrS tenf;i,f avQmusoufqif;onfukd jrifaomtcg ightm;
ajymMum;avmh}}[k (trdefYay;\)/

&[ef;wdkY xdk (rif;csif;) a,musfm;onf ]]rif;jrwf aumif;ygNyD}}[k pMu0aw;rif;tm;

0efcH\/
&[ef;wdkY xdk (rif;csif;) a,musfm;onf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm ESpf&maygif;rsm;pGm
ESpfaxmifaygif; rsm;pGm ukefvGefaomtcg jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd
oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemudk wnfae&mrS tenf;i,f avQmusoufqif;onfukd jrif\?
jrifvwfaomf pMu0aw;rif;xH csOf; uyf pMu0aw;rif;tm; pum;ukd avQmuf\ ]]rif;jrwf trSefodawmfrlygavmh? oif (rif;jrwf)\ jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyif r&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemonf wnfae&mrS tenf;i,f
avQmusoufqif;ygNyD}}[k (avQmuf\)/
89/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg pMu0aw;rif;onf om;BuD;tdrfa&SUrif;om;ukd ac:
pum;ukd rdefYqdk\ ]]cspfom; ig\ jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wemonf wnfae&mrS avQmusoufqif;owwf? ]tMuif pMu0aw;rif;\
jrwfaom (vkd&m t&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemonf wnfae&mrS
avQmusoufqif;\? xdk pMu0aw;rif;onf MumjrifhpGm toufr&Snf&m }[k
igMum;zl;\? igonf vlUpnf;pdrf csrf;omukd pHpm;cJhNyD? ,cktcg igonf
ewfpnf;pdrf;csrf;omwdkYukd &SmazG&ef tcsdefwefNyD? cspfom; vmavmh? oifonf ork'&m
av;pif;tqHk;&Sdaom ajrBuD;ukd odrf;qnf; (tkyfpdk;)avmh/ igrlum; qHrkwfqdwfukd
&dwf zef&nfpGef;aom t0wfwdkYukd 0wfNyD;vQif vlUabmifrS &aohabmifodkY
0ifa&muftHh}}[k (rdefYqdk\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg pMu0aw;rif;onf om;BuD; tdrfa&SUrif;om;ukd rif;tjzpftkyfpdk;rI
aumif;pGm qHk;roGefoifNyD;vQif qHrkwfqdwfukd &dwf zef&nfpGef;aom t0wfwdkYukd
0wfNyD;vQif vlUabmifrS &aohabmifodkY 0ifa&muf\? &[ef;wdkY rif;&aohonf
&aohjyKNyD; ckepf&ufajrmufaom aeY jrwfaom (vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd
oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemonf uG,faysmuf av\/
90/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;csif;a,musfm;wpfa,mufonf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf
tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom
rif;xH
csOf;uyfNyD;vQif
rif;rsKd;jzpfaom
OD;xdyf
tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; ]] rif;jrwf trSefodawmfrlygavmh? jrwfaom
(vkd&mt&yfodkY tydwftyifr&Sd oGm;Edkifaom) pMum&wemonf uG,faysmufygNyD}}[k
avQmuf\/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
jrwfaom
(vkd&mt&yfodkY
tydwftyifr&Sd
oGm;Edkifaom)
pMum&wem
uG,faysmufonf&Sdaomf ESvHk;rom jzpf av\? ESvHk;rom jzpfjcif;ukdvnf;
(olwpfyg;tm;) ajymMum;av\? xdkrif;onf rif;&aohxH csOf;uyf jrwfaom
pMu0aw;rif;wdkY\ usifh0wfukd rar;? xdkrif;onf rdrdynmjzifhom EdkifiHukd qHk;rtkyfpdk;\?
rdrdynmjzifhom EdkifiHukd qHk;rtkyfpdk;aomf xdkrif;\ EdkifiHwdkYonf jrwfaom

pMu0aw;rif;wdkY\ usifh0wfwdkYukd usifhukefaom a&S;rif;wdkY\ EdkifiHwdkYuJhodkY a&SUaemuf

nDGwfpGm rwdk;yGg;ukef/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg trIaqmiftrwfrsm; rif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm; b@ma&;trwfrsm;
trwf csKyfrsm; ppfonfAdkvfygrsm; wHcg;rSL;rsm; ynm&Sd (yka&m[dwf) trwfrsm;wdkYonf
pnf;a0;Muukef rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; pum;ukd
avQmufukef\ ]]rif;jrwf jrwfaom pMu0aw;rif;wdkY\ usifh0wfwdkYukd usifhukefaom rif;wdkY\
Zeyk'fwdkY onfhwdk;yGg;ukefouJhodkY rdrdpdwftvdkjzifh EdkifiHukd qHk;raom oif (rif;jrwf) \
EdkifiHwdkYonf a&SUaemuf nDGwfpGm rwdk;yGg;ukef? rif;jrwf oif (rif;jrwf)\ EdkifiHawmf
trIaqmiftrwfrsm;
rif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm;
b@ma&;trwfrsm;
trwfcsKyfrsm;
ppfonfAdkvfygrsm; wHcg;rSL;rsm;ESifh ynm &Sd (yka&m[dwf) trwfrsm; jzpfukefaom
tuREkfyfwdkYonfvnf;aumif; wpfyg;olwdkYonfvnf; aumif; &Sdygukef\? tMuif
tuREkfyfwdkYonf tjypfuif;aom pMu0aw;rif; usifh0wfukd rSwfom; xm;ygukef \?
rif;jrwf oif (rif;jrwf) onf tuREkfyfwdkYtm; tjypfuif;aom pMu0aw;rif; usifh
0wfudk ar;ygavmh? ar;onf&Sdaomf xdktuREkfyfwdkYonf tjypfuif;aom pMu0aw;rif;
usifh0wf udk oif (rif;jrwf) tm; ajzMum;ygukeftHh}}[k (avQmufukef\)/
------

touftqif;ponf ,kwfavsmhjcif; taMumif;

91/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
trIaqmif trwfrsm; rif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm; b@ma&;trwfrsm; trwfcsKyfrsm;
ppfonfAdkvfygrsm; wHcg;rSL;rsm;ESifh ynm&Sd (yka&m[dwf) trwfrsm;wdkYukd pnf;a0;ap
tjypfuif;aom pMu0aw;rif; usifh0wfudk ar;\/ ar;onf&Sdaomf xdktrwfwdkYonf
tjypfuif;aom pMu0aw;rif; usifh0wfudk xdkrif;tm; ajzMum;ukef\/
xdktrwfwdkY\ (pum;udk) Mum;w&m;ESihfavsmfaom apmifha&SmufrI umuG,frI
vHkjcHKaprIukd pD&if\? ypnf;Opm r&SdolwdkYtm; ypnf;Opmudkum; ray;/ ypnf;Opm
r&SdolwdkYtm; ypnf;Opm ray;onf&Sdaomf qif;&Jjcif; yGg;rsm;vm\/ qif;&Jjcif;
yGg;rsm;vmaomtcg a,musfm;wpfa,muf onf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd
cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh cdk;,l\/ xdk (a,musfm;) ukd zrf;ukef\/ zrf;NyD;vQif rif;rsKd;jzpfaom
OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; ]]rif;jrwf a,musfm;onf olwpfyg;wdkY
ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,lyg\}}[k qdk jyukef\/
&[ef;wdkY odkY qdkjyaomf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom
rif;onf xdk a,musfm;tm; pum;ukd qdk\? ]]tcsif;a,musfm; oifonf olwpfyg;wdkY
ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,l\[lonf rSefoavm}}[k (qdk\)/
rSefygonf rif;jrwf[k (avQmuf\)/

tb,fhaMumifh (cdk;,loenf;)[k (qkd\)/

rif;jrwf toufarG;rI rvHkavmufaomaMumifhygwnf;[k (avQmuf\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
]]a,musfm; oifonf Opmjzifh ukd,fwdkifvnf; toufarG;avmh? rdbudkvnf;
auR;arG;avmh? om;r,m; ukdvnf; auR;arG;avmh? tvkyftukdifukdwdkYvnf; vkyfudkifavmh?
txuftxufbHkodkY a&mufap onfh tusKd;&Sdaom aumif;jrwfaom tusKd;q,fyg;ukd
jzpfapwwfaom csrf;omaom tusKd;&Sdaom ewfjynf jzpfapwwfaom tvSLukd
orPjAm[PwdkY wnfapavmh}}[k qdk xdka,musfm; tm; Opmukd ay;\/ &[ef;wdkY
xdka,musfm;onf
]]rif;jrwf
aumif;ygNyD}}[k
rif;rsKd;jzpfaom
OD;xdyf
tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; 0efcH\/
&[ef;wdkY a,musfm; wpfa,mufonfvnf; olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd
cdk;vkdaom pdwf jzifh ,l\/ xdka,musfm;ukd zrf;ukef\? zrf;NyD;vQif rif;rsKd;jzpfaom
OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; ]]rif;jrwf a,musfm;onf olwpfyg;wdkY
ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,lyg\}}[k qdkjy ukef\/ &[ef;wdkY odkY
qdkjyaomf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;hNyD;aom rif;onf xdka,musfm;tm;
pum;ukd qdk\? ]]tcsif;a,musfm; oifonf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom
pdwfjzifh ,l\[lonf rSefoavm}}[k (qdk\)/
rSefygonf rif;jrwf[k (avQmuf\)/
tb,fhaMumifh (cdk;,loenf;)[k (qkd\)/
rif;jrwf toufarG;rI rvHkavmufaomaMumifhygwnf;[k (avQmuf\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
]]a,musfm; oifonf Opmjzifh ukd,fwdkifvnf; toufarG;avmh? rdbudkvnf;
auR;arG;avmh? om;r,m;ukd vnf; auR;arG;avmh? tvkyftukdifwdkYukdvnf; vkyfudkifavmh?
txuf txufbHkodkY a&mufap onfh tusKd;&Sdaom aumif;jrwfaom tusKd;q,fyg;ukd
jzpfapwwfaom csrf;omaom tusKd;&Sdaom ewfjynf jzpfapwwfaom tvSLukd
orPjAm[PwdkY wnfapavmh}}[k qdk xdka,musfm; tm; Opmukd ay;\/ &[ef;wdkY
xdka,musfm;onf
]]rif;jrwf
aumif;ygNyD}}[k
rif;rsKd;jzpfaom
OD;xdyf
tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; 0efcH\/
92/ &[ef;wdkY vlwdkYonf ]]tcsif;wdkY olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom
pdwfjzifh ,laom olwdkYtm; rif;onf Opmukd ay;owwf}}[k Mum;Muukef\/ ,if;odkY
Mum;ojzifh ]]igwdkY onfvnf; olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,l&rl
aumif;avpG}}[k tMuH jzpf\/
&[ef;wdkY xkdtcg wpfa,mufaom a,musfm;onf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd
cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,lav\/ xdkcdk;ola,musfm;ukd zrf;ukef\? zrf;NyD;vQif rif;rsKd;jzpfaom

OD;xdyf
tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom
rif;tm;
]]rif;jrwf
a,musfm;onf
olwpfyg;wdkYray;aom Opmukd cdk; vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,lyg\}}[k qdk jyukef\/
&[ef;wdkY odkYqdkjyaomf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
xdk (cdk;ol)a,musfm;tm; pum;ukd qdk\? ]]tcsif;a,musfm; oifonf olwpfyg;wdkY
ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,l\[lonf rSefoavm}}[k (qdk\)/
rSefygonf rif;jrwf[k (avQmuf\)/
tb,fhaMumifh (cdk;,loenf;)[k (qkd\)/
rif;jrwf toufarG;rI rvHkavmufaomaMumifhygwnf;[k (avQmuf\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm;
odkYaom tMuHonf jzpf\ ]]olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,laom oltm; tu,f
igonf Opmukd ay;tHh? odkY ay;aecJhvQif cdk;rIonf wdk;yGg;vwHU? igonf (cdk;ol)
a,musfm;ukd aumif;pGm ESdyfuGyfjcif;jzifh ESdyfuGyf&rl aumif;avpG? cdk;rItjrpfjywfatmif
jyK&rl aumif;avpG? xdkol\ OD;acgif;ukd jzwf&rl aumif;avpG}}[k (tMuHjzpf\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf
(rif;csif;) a,musfm;wdkYukd trdefYay;\/
]]tcsif;wdkY xdkodkYjzpfvQif (cdk;ol) a,musfm;ukd jrJjrHcdkifcHhaom BuKd;jzifh jrJjrHpGm
vufjyef BuKd;wkyfaESmifvsuf acgif;wHk;&dwfNyD;vQif toHjyif;aom xufpnfukd wD;um
vrf;rwpfckrS vrf;r wpfckodkY vrf;qHkwpfckrS vrf;qHkwpfckodkY ac:aqmif awmifwHcg;rS
xGufNyD;aomf NrKdU\ awmif buf aumif;pGm ESdyfuGyfjcif;jzifh ESdyfuGyfukefavmh?
(tqHk;pD&ifjcif;jzifh) tjrpfjywfatmif jyKukefhavmh? xdk (cdk;ol) a,musfm;\ OD;acgif;ukd
jzwfukefavmh}}[k (trdefYay;\)/
&[ef;wdkY xdk (rif;csif;) a,musfm;wdkYonf ]]rif;jrwf aumif;ygNyD}}[k rif;rsKd;jzpfaom
OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm; 0efcH xdk (cdk;ol) a,musfm;ukd jrJjrHcdkifcHhaom
BuKd;jzifh jrJjrHpGm vufjyefBuKd; wkyfaESmifvsuf oifwHk;jzifh acgif;wHk;&dwfNyD;vQif
toHjyif;aom xufpnfukd wD;um vrf;rwpfckrS vrf;rwpfckodkY vrf;qHkwpfckrS
vrf;qHkwpfckodkY ac:aqmif awmifwHcg;rS xGufNyD;vQif NrKdU\ awmifbuf aumif;pGm
ESdyfuGyfjcif;jzifh ESdyfuGyfukef\? (tqHk;pD&ifjcif;jzifh) tjrpfjywfatmif jyKukef\? xdk (cdk;ol)
a,musfm;\ OD;acgif;ukd jzwfukef\/
93/ &[ef;wdkY vlwdkYonf ]]tcsif;wdkY olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom
pdwfjzifh ,laomolwdkYukd rif;onf tNyD;wdkif ESdyfuGyf\? (tqHk;pD&ifjcif;jzifh)
tjrpfjywfatmif jyK\? xdk (cdk;ol) a,musfm;\ OD;acgif;ukd jzwf\}}[k Mum;ukef\/
,if;odkY Mum;ojzifh ]]igwdkYonfvnf; xufaom vufeufwdkYukd jyKvkyfapukeftHh?
xufaom vufeufwdkYukd jyKvkyfapNyD;vQif tMuif olwdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom

pdwfjzifh cdk;,lukeftHh? xdkOpm&SifwdkYukd tNyD;wdkif ESdyfuGyf ukeftHh? (tqHk;pD&ifjcif;jzifh)

tjrpfjywfatmif jyKukeftHh? xdk (Opm&Sif) wdkY\ OD;acgif;ukd jzwfukef tHh}}[k tMuHjzpf\/
xdkolwdkYonf xufaom vufeufwdkYukd jyKvkyfapukef\? xufaom vufeuf wdkYukd
jyKvkyfapNyD;vQif &Gmukd vk,ufzsufqD;jcif;iSgvnf; tm;xkwfukef\? ed*Hk;ukd
vk,ufzsufqD; jcif;iSgvnf; tm;xkwfukef\? NrKdUudkd vk,ufzsufqD;jcif;iSgvnf;
tm;xkwfukef\? vrf; (apmifh) vk,ufzsufqD;jcif;iSgvnf; tm;xkwfukef\/
xdkolwdkYonf tMuifolwdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,lMuukef\? xdk
(Opm&Sif) wdkYukd tNyD;wdkif ESdyfuGyfukef\? (tqHk;pD&ifjcif;jzifh) tjrpfjywfatmif jyKukef\?
xdk (Opm&Sif) wdkY\ OD;acgif;ukd jzwfukef\/
94/ &[ef;wdkY odkYvQif ypnf;Opmr&SdolwdkYtm; ypnf;Opmukd ray;aomf qif;&Jjcif;
yGg;rsm;vm\? qif;&Jjcif; yGg;rsm;vmaomf ray;aom Opmukd cdk;,lrI yGg;rsm;vm\? cdk;,lrI
yGg; rsm;vmaomf vufeufyGg;rsm;vm\? vufeufyGg;rsm;vmaomf toufowfrI
yGg;rsm;vm\? touf owfrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf xdkow0gwdkY\ toufonfvnf;
qkwf,kwfvm\?
tqif;onfvnf;
qkwf,kwfvm\?
touftm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom
tESpf&Spfaomif;
touf&Snfukefaom xdkolwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfav;aomif; touf&Snfukef\/
&[ef;wdkY tESpfav;aomif; touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkYwGif wpfa,mufaom
a,musfm;onf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,l\? xdkcdk;olukd
zrf;ukef\/ zrf;NyD;vQif rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;tm;
]]rif;jrwf a,musfm;onf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh
,lyg\}}[k qdk jyukef\/ &[ef;wdkY odkY qdkjyaomf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf
tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom rif;onf xdka,musfm;tm; pum;ukd qdk\? ]]tcsif;a,musfm;
oifonf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,l\ [lonf rSefoavm}}[k
(qdk\)/
]]rrSefyg rif;jrwf}}[k odvsuf r[kwfrrSefaom pum;ukd qdk\/
95/ &[ef;wdkY odkYvQif ypnf;Opmr&SdolwdkYtm; ypnf;Opmukd ray;aomf qif;&Jjcif;
yGg; rsm;vm\? qif;&Jjcif; yGg;rsm;vmaomf ray;aom Opmukd cdk;,lrI yGg;rsm;vm\?
cdk;,lrI yGg;rsm; vmaomf vufeufyGg;rsm;vm\? vufeufyGg;rsm;vmaomf toufowfrI
yGg;rsm;vm\? toufhowfrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf r[kwfrrSefajymrI yGg;rsm;vm\?
r[kwfrrSefajymrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf xdk ow0gwdkY\ toufonfvnf; qkwf,kwf\?
tqif;onfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? touftm;jzifh vnf; qkwf,kwfukefaom
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; qkwf,kwfukefaom tESpfav;aomif; touf&Snf ukefaom
xdkolwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfESpfaomif; touf&Snfukef\/
&[ef;wdkY tESpfESpfaomif; touf&Snfaom vlwdkYwGif wpfa,mufaom
a,musfm;onf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom pdwfjzifh ,l\? xdkoludk
wpfa,mufaom a,musfm; onf rif;rsKd;jzpfaom OD;xdyf tbdodufoGef;NyD;aom

rif;tm;]]rif;jrwf rnfaom a,musfm; onf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd cdk;vkdaom

pdwfjzifh ,lyg\}}[k ukef;acsmjcif;ukd jyK\/
96/ &[ef;wdkY odkYvQif ypnf;Opmr&SdolwdkYtm; ypnf;Opmukd ray;aomf qif;&JrI
yGg;rsm;vm\? qif;&JrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf ray;aom Opmukd cdk;,lrI yGg;rsm;vm\? cdk;,lrI
yGg;rsm; vmaomf vufeufyGg;rsm;vm\? vufeufyGg;rsm;vmaomf toufowfrI
yGg;rsm;vm\? touf owfrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf r[kwfrrSefajymrI yGg;rsm;vm\?
r[kwfrrSefajymrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf ukef; acsmrI yGg;rsm;vm\? ukef;acsmrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf
xdkow0gwdkY\ toufonfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? tqif;onfvnf; qkwf,kwf\/
touftm;jzifhvnf; qkwf,kwfukefaom tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; qkwf,kwfukefaom
tESpfESpfaomif; touf&Snfukefaom xdkolwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpf wpfaomif;
touf&Snfukef\/
&[ef;wdkY tESpfwpfaomif; touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkYwGif tcsKdUow0gwdkYonf
tqif;vS ukef\? tcsKdUow0gwdkYonf tqif;rvSukef? xdkolwdkYwGif tqif;rvSaom
ow0gwdkYonf tqif;vSaom ow0gwdkYukd wyfrufukef olwpfyg;wdkY\
om;r,m;wdkYukd vGefusL;ukef\/
97/ &[ef;wdkY odkYvQif ypnf;Opmr&SdolwdkYtm; ypnf;Opmukd ray;aomf qif;&JrI
yGg; rsm;vm\? qif;&JrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf/y/ umr*kPfwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhrI
yGg;rsm;vm\? umr*kPf wdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf xdkow0gwdkY \
toufonfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? tqif; onfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? touftm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; qkwf,kwf ukefaom tESpfwpfaomif;
touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfig;axmif touf&Snfukef\/
98/ &[ef;wdkY tESpfig;axmif touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkYwGif Murf;wrf;aompum;
Nydef zsif;aompum;[laom w&m;ESpfyg;wdkYonf yGg;rsm;vmukef\? w&m;ESpfyg;
yGg;rsm;vmukefaomf xdkvlwdkY\ toufonfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? tqif;onfvnf;
qkwf,kwf\/
touftm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom tESpfig;axmif touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;
tcsKdUwdkYonf tESpfESpfaxmifhig;&m touf&Snfukef\? tcsKdUaom om;orD; wdkYonf
tESpfESpfaxmif touf&Snfukef\/
99/ &[ef;wdkY tESpfESpfaxmifhig;&m touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY vkdcsifwyfrufjcif;
]tbdZ m}? ysufpD;apvkdjcif; ]Asmyg'} w&m;wdkY yGg;rsm;vmukef\/ vkdcsifwyfrufjcif;
]tbdZ m}? ysufpD;apvkdjcif; ]Asmyg'} w&m;wdkY yGg;rsm;vmukefaomf xdkow0gwdkY \
toufonfvnf; qkwf ,kwf\? tqif;onfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? touftm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom tqif;tm;jzifh vnf; qkwf,kwfukefaom tESpfESpfaxmifhig;&m
touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfwpfaxmif touf&Snfukef\/
100/ &[ef;wdkY tESpfwpfaxmif touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY rSm;aom
t,l0g'wdkYhyGg;rsm;vm\? rSm;aom t,l0g'wdkY yGg;rsm;vmaomf xdkvlwdkY\

toufonfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? tqif;onfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? touftm;jzifhvnf;

qkwf,kwfukefaom
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom
tESpfwpfaxmif
touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfig;&m touf&Snfukef\/
101/ &[ef;wdkY tESpfig;&m touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY rw&m;aom wyfrufjcif;
]t"r&m*}1? tvGeftMuL;wyfrufjcif; ]0doravmb}2? rSm;aom tusifhw&m; ]rdpm"r}3
[laom w&m;oHk;yg;wdkY rsm;jym;ukef\? w&m;oHk;yg;wdkY rsm;jym;ukefaomf xdkow0gwdkY\
toufonfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? tqif;onfvnf; qkwf,kwf\? touftm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwf
ukefaom
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf;
qkwf,kwfukefaom
tESpfig;&m
touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD; tcsKdUwdkYonf tESpfESpf&mhig;q,f
touf&Snfukef\/ tcsKdUaom om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfESpf&m touf&Snfukef\/
&[ef;wdkY tESpfESpf&mhig;q,fom touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY trd aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?
tz aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?
orPwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?
jAm[PwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?
trsKd; BuD;aomolwdkYukd dkaowkyf0yfrI rjyKjcif;[laom w&m;wdkYonf
yGg;rsm;vmukef\/
102/ &[ef;wdkY odkYvQif ypnf;Opmr&SdolwdkYtm; ypnf;Opmukd ray;aomf
qif;&Jjcif; yGg;rsm;vm\? qif;&Jjcif;yGg;rsm;vmaomf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom Opmukd
cdk;,lrI
yGg;rsm;vm\?
cdk;,lrI
yGg;rsm;vmaomf
vufeufyGg;rsm;vm\?
vufeufyGg;rsm;vmaomf toufowfrI yGg;rsm;vm\? toufowfrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf
r[kwfrrSefajymrI yGg;rsm;vm\? r[kwfrrSefajymrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf ukef;acsmrI
yGg;rsm;vm\? ukef;acsmrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf umr*kPfwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhrI yGg;rsm;vm\?
umr*kPfwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhrI yGg;rsm;vmaomf Murf;wrf;aompum; Nydefzsif;aompum;
w&m;ESpfyg;wdkY yGg;rsm;vmukef\? w&m;ESpfyg;wdkY yGg;rsm;vmukefaomf vkdcsifwyfruf
jcif;]tbdZ m} ysufpD;apvkdjcif; ]Asmyg'} wdkY yGg;rsm;vmukef\? vkdcsifwyfrufjcif; ]tbdZ
m} ysufpD; apvkdjcif; ]Asmyg'}wdkY yGg;rsm;vmukefaomf rSm;aom t,l0g' yGg;rsm;vm\?
rSm;aom t,l0g' yGg;rsm;vmaomf rw&m;aom wyfrufjcif; ]t"r&m*}? tvGeftMuL;
wyfrufjcif; ]0doravmb}? rSm;aom tusifhw&m; ]rdpm"r} w&m;oHk;yg;wdkY
yGg;rsm;vmukef\? w&m;oHk;yg;wdkY yGg;rsm;vm ukefaomf trd aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?
tz aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?
orPwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?
jAm[PwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKjcif;?

trsKd; BuD;aomolwdkYukd dkaowkyf0yfrI rjyKjcif;[laom w&m;wdkYonf

yGg;rsm;vmukef\/
w&m;wdkY yGg;rsm;vmukefaomf xdkvlwdkY\ toufonfvnf; qkwf,kwf\?
tqif;onf vnf; qkwf,kwf\? touftm;jzifhvnf; qkwf,kwfukefaom
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; qkwf,kwfukefaom tESpfESpf&mhig;q,f touf&Snfukefaom
xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfwpf&m touf &Snfukef\/
-----1/ trd ta': ponf wyfrufrI/
2/ avmuxHk;wrf;tm;jzifh okH;aqmifrSD0Joifhaom olwdkY tvGeftMuL;vkdufpm;rI/
3/ a,musfm;csif; rdef;rcsif; wyfrufrI/

q,fESpfoufwrf;tcsdef
103/ &[ef;wdkY vlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf q,fESpf touf&SnftHhaom
tcgrsKd;onf jzpfvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY vlwdkYonf q,fESpfom touf&Snfukefvwfaomf ig;ESpft&G,f&Sd
owdkYorD;wdkYonf vufxyfxdrf;jrm;Edkifaom t&G,fa&mufolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU/ &[ef;wdkY
q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkY jrwfaom t&omwdkYonf uG,faysmufukefvwHU/
onfwdkYum; tb,fenf;[lrl axmywf qDOD; qD ysm; wifvJ qm; onfwdkYwnf;/
&[ef;wdkY q,fESpftouf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY vl;xrif;onf pm;zG,fwdkYwGif
tjrwfqHk; jzpfvwHU/ &[ef;wdkY ,cktcg pm;zG,fwdkYwGif tom;a&maom
oav;xrif;onf tjrwfqHk;jzpf ouJhodkY &[ef;wdkY twl &[ef;wdkY
q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkY vl;xrif;onf pm;zG,f wdkYwGif tjrwfqHk;jzpfvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkY ukodkvfuryxw&m; q,fyg;wdkYonf
t<uif;rJh uG,faysmufukefvwHU? tukodkvfuryxw&m; q,fyg;wdkYonf tvGefvQif
xGef;yukefvwHU/ &[ef;wdkY q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkY aumif;rI[laom
trnfrQonfvnf; r&SdvwHU? aumif;rIukd jyKolum; tb,frSm &SdvwHUenf;/ &[ef;wdkY
q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkYwGif trd aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKol tz
aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKol orPwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKol
jAm[PwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKol trsKd;wdkY BuD;aomolwdkYukd
dkaowkyf0yfrI rjyKolwdkYonf ylaZmfcHxdkufolwdkY jzpfukef vwHU? csD;rGrf;cHxdkufolwdkY
jzpfukefvwHU/ &[ef;wdkY ,cktcg trd aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKol tz
aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKol orPwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKol

jAm[PwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKol trsKd;wdkY BuD;aom olwdkYukd

dkaowkyf0yfrI jyKolwdkYonf ylaZmfcHxdkufol csD;rGrf;cHxdkufolwdkY jzpfukefouJhodkY &[ef;wdkY
twl q,fESpf touf&Snfaom vlwdkYwGif trd aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKol
tz aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKol orPwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd
rjyKol jAm[PwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd rjyKol trsKd; BuD;aom olwdkYukd
dkaowkyf0wfrI rjyKol wdkYonf ylaZmfcHxdkufolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU? csD;rGrf;cHxdkufolwdkY
jzpfukefvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkY trd[lvnf;aumif; rdBuD;
rdaxG;[lvnf;
aumif;
t&D;BuD;
t&D;av;[lvnf;aumif;
q&mhr,m;[lvnf;aumif; tav;tjrwf jyKxdkufol (bBuD; baxG;ponf) wdkY \
r,m;[lvnf;aumif; (dkaoav;jrwfaom pdwf) rjzpfvwHU? qdwf odk; Muuf 0uf acG;
ajracG;wdkYuJhodkY avmuonf a&m,SufIyfaxG; (pnf;urf;ysuf) jcif;odkY a&mufvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkY tcsif;csif; jyif;xefaom trsufxGufjcif;
jyif; xefaom ysufpD;apvkdjcif; jyif;xefaom rvkdrkef;xm;jcif; jyif;xefaom
owfvkdonfhpdwf &Sdjcif; onf xif&Sm;jzpfvwHU/ trduvnf; om; om;uvnf; trd?
tzuvnf; om; om; uvnf; tz? armifuvnf; ESr ESruvnf; armif
jyif;xefaom trsufxGufjcif; jyif;xefaom ysufpD;apvkdjcif; jyif;xefaom
rvkdrkef;xm;jcif; jyif;xefaom owfvkdpdwf&Sdjcif;onf jzpf ay:vwHU/ &[ef;wdkY om;
orifukd awGUjrifaomf om;rkqdk;tm; jyif;xefaom trsufxGufjcif; jyif;xefaom
ysufpD;apvkdjcif; jyif;xefaom rvkdrkef;xm;jcif; jyif;xefaom owfvkdpdwf&Sdjcif; onf
jzpfay:ouJhodkY? &[ef;wdkY twl q,fESpftouf&Snfaom vlwdkY xdkow0gwdkY tcsif;
csif; jyif;xefaom trsufxGufjcif; jyif;xefaom ysufpD;apvkdjcif; jyif;xefaom
rvkdrkef;xm;jcif; jyif;xefaom owfvkdpdwf&Sdjcif;onf jzpfay:vwHU/ trduvnf; om;
om;uvnf; trd? tzuvnf; om; om;uvnf; tz? armifuvnf; ESr
ESruvnf; armif jyif;xefaom trsufxGufjcif; jyif;xefaom ysufpD;apvkdjcif;
jyif;xefaom rvkdrkef;xm;jcif; jyif;xefaom owfvkdpdwf&Sdjcif;onf jzpfay:vwHU/

104/ &[ef;wdkY q,fESpftouf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY ckepf&ufywfvHk; owE&uyf

qdkufvwHU/ xdkolwdkY tcsif;csif; om;aumif[k rSwfMuukefvwHU/ jyif;xefaom
vufeufwdkYonf xdkolwdkY\ vufwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukefvwHU/ xdkolwdkYonf jyif;xefaom
vufeufjzifh ]]onf um; om;aumifwnf;? onfum; om;aumifwnf;}}[k
tcsif;csif; owfjzwfukefvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYwGif tcsKdUaom ow0gwdkYtm; odkY tMuHjzpfvwHU?
]]igwdkY onf wpfpHkwpfa,mufukdrQ rowfukeftHh? igwdkYukdvnf; wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf
rowfapownf;? igwdkYonf jrufawmodkYvnf;aumif; csKHEG,fawmodkYvnf;aumif;
opfyifawmodkYvnf;aumif;
a&mufEdkifcJaom
jrpfv,fuRef;odkYvnf;aumif;

awmifacsmufMum;odkYvnf;aumif;
0if
awmopf
jrpf
awmopfoD;vQif
tpm&Sdukefonfjzpf rQwae&ygukefrlum; aumif;avpG}}[k (tMuH jzpf vwHU)/
xdkolwdkYonf jrufawmodkYvnf;aumif; csKHEG,fawmodkYvnf;aumif; opfyifawmodkYvnf;
aumif; a&mufEdkifcJaom jrpfv,fuRef;odkYvnf;aumif; awmifacsmufMum;odkYvnf;aumif;
0if ckepf&ufywfvHk; awmopfjrpf awmopfoD;vQif tpm&Sdukefonfjzpf
rQwaeukefvwHU/ xdkolwdkY onf ckepf&ufvGefojzifh jrufawm csKHEG,fawm opfyifawm
a&mufEdkifcJaom jrpfv,fuRef; awmifacsmufMum;rS xGufukef tcsif;csif;
ayGUzufukefvsuf ]]tcsif;wdkY ow0gwdkYukd jrif&ukef ao;\? ig touf&SifouJhodkY
oifvnf; touf&Sifay\? ow0gwdkYukd jrif&ukefao;\? ig touf &SifouJhodkY
oifvnf; touf&Sifay\}}[k rdrdESifh oabmwlonfukd jyKukefvwHU? oufom&m
&ukefvwHU/
------

touf tqif; ponf wdk;yGg;jcif;taMumif;

105/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYtm; odkY tMuHjzpfvwHU? ]]igwdkYonf
tukodkvf w&m;wdkYukd aqmufwnf usifhjcif;aMumifh odkY oabm&Sdaom rsm;pGmaom
taqGtrsKd;wdkY\ qHk;IH;jcif;odkY a&mufukef\? igwdkYonf ukodkvfukd jyKMu&rl
aumif;avpG? tb,fukodkvfukd jyKMu&ygrnfenf;? igwdkYonf toufowfjcif;rS
a&SmifMuOfMu&rl aumif;avpG? ukodkvfw&m; ukd usifhMuH&rl aumif;avpG}}[k
(tMuHjzpfvwHU)/
xdkolwdkYonf
toufowfjcif;rS
a&SmifMuOfukefhvwHU?
ukodkvfw&m;wdkYukd aqmufwnf usifhukefvwHU? xdkolwdkYonf ukodkvfw&m;wdkYuk d
aqmufwnf
usifhjcif;aMumifh
touftm;jzifhvnf;
wdk;yGg;ukefvwHU?
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg; ukefvwHU? touftm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefaom
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefaom q,fESpf touf&Snfukefaom xdkolwdkY\
om;orD;wdkYonf toufESpfq,f &SnfukefvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYtm; odkY tMuHjzpfvwHU? ]]igwdkYonf
ukodkvfw&m;wdkYukd aqmufwnfjcif;aMumifh touftm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukef \?
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukef\? igwdkYonf ukodkvfukd wdk;wufydkrkd jyKMu&rl
aumif;avpG tb,fukodkvfukd jyKMu&ygukeftHh enf;? igwdkYonf olwpfyg;wdkY ray;aom
Opmukd cdk;,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOfMu&rl? umr*kPfwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhjcif;rS
a&SmifMuOfMu&rl? r[kwfrrSefajymjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfMu&rl? ukef;acsmjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfMu&rl?
Murf;wrf;aom pum;ukd ajymjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfMu&rl? Nydefzsif;aom pum;ukd ajymjcif;rS
a&SmifMuOfMu&rl? olwpfyg;pnf;pdrf a&S;IMuHjcif;ukd pGefYMu&rl? ysufpD;apvkdjcif;ukd
pGefYMu&rl? rSm;aom t,lukd pGefYMu&rl? rw&m;aom wyfrufjcif; ]t"r&m*}?
tvGeftMuL; wyfrufjcif; ]0doravmb}? rSm;aom tusifhw&m; ]rdpm"r}[laom
w&m;oHk;rsKd;wdkYukd pGefYMu& rl aumif;avpG? igwdkYonf trd aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom
0wfukd jyKMu&rl? tz aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKMu&rl? orPwdkY aumif;pGm

jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKMu&rl? jAm[PwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKMu&rl?

trsKd;BuD;aom olwdkYukd kdaowkyf0yfrI jyKMu&rl? odkY qdkcJhaom ukodkvfw&m;ukd
aqmufwnf usifhMu&rl aumif;avpG}}[k (tMuHjzpfvwHU)/ xdkolwdkYonf trd
aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU? tz aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfudk
jyKolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU? orPwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfudk jyKolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU?
jAm[PwdkY aumif;pGm jyKoifhaom 0wfukd jyKolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU? trsKd;
BuD;aomolwdkYukd kdaowkyf0yfrI jyKolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU? qkdcJhaom ukodkvfw&m;ukd
aqmuf wnf usifhukefvwHU/
xdkolwdkYonf
ukodkvfw&m;wdkYukd
aqmufwnf
usifhjcif;aMumifh
touftm;jzifhvnf;
wdk;yGg;ukefvwHU?
tqif;tm;jzifhvnf;
wdk;yGg;ukefvwHU?
touftm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefaom tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefaom tESpfESpfq,f
touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkY onf tESpfav;q,f touf&SnfukefvwHU?
tESpfav;q,f touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om; orD;wdkYonf tESpf&Spfq,f
touf&SnfukefvwHU? tESpf&Spfq,f touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf
tESpfwpf&mhajcmufq,f touf&SnfukefvwHU? tESpfwpf&mhajcmufq,f touf
&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfoHk;&mESpfq,f touf&SnfukefvwHU?
tESpf
oHk;&mhESpfq,f
touf&Snfukefaom
xdkvlwdkY\
om;orD;wdkYonf
tESpfajcmuf&mhav;q,f
touf
&SnfukefvwHU?
tESpfajcmuf&mhav;q,f
touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpf ESpfaxmif touf&SnfukefvwHU?
tESpfESpfaxmif touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfav;axmif
touf&SnfukefvwHU? tESpfav;axmif touf&Snfukefaom xdkvlwdkY\ om;
orD;wdkYonf tESpf&Spfaxmif touf&SnfukefvwHU? tESpf&Spfaxmif touf&Snfukefaom
xdkvlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf tESpfESpfaomif; touf&SnfukefvwHU? tESpfESpfaomif;
touf&Snfukefaom
xdkvlwdkY\
om;orD;wdkYonf
tESpfav;aomif;
touf&SnfukefvwHU? tESpfav;aomif; touf &Snfukefaom vlwdkY\ om;orD;wdkYonf
tESpf&Spfaomif; touf&SnfukefvwHU? &[ef;wdkY tESpf &Spfaomif; touf&Snfukefaom
vlwdkY tESpfig;&m touf&Sdaom owdkYorD;wdkYonf vufxyfhxdrf;jrm;Edkifaom
t&G,fa&mufolwdkY jzpfukefvwHU/
------

ocFpMu0aw;rif;jzpfjcif;
106/ &[ef;wdkY tESpf&Spfaomif; touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY wyfrufjcif;?
qmavmifjcif;? tdkjcif; [laom temoHk;rsKd;wdkYom jzpfukefvwHU/ &[ef;wdkY
tESpf&Spfaomif; touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkY ZrL'DyguRef;onf jynfhpHk<u,f0vwHU?
pnfyif0ajymvwHU? &Gm ed*Hk; Zeyk'f rif;aejynfwdkY onf MuufysHwus jzpfukefvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY tESpf&Spfaomif; touf&Snfukefaom vlwdkYacwf ZrL'dyfuRef;onf
usLawmjrufawmuJhodkY vlwdkYjzifh tMum;rvyf jynfhESufpnfum;aevwHU/ &[ef;wdkY

tESpf&Spfaomif; touf&Snfaom vlwdkYacwf Am&mPoDjynfonf jynfhpHk<u,f0

onfvnf;jzpfaom pnfyif0ajymonfvnf;jzpfaom rsm;aom vl&Sdonfvnf;jzpfaom
vlrsKd;pHkwdkY
jzifh
>yGrf;onfvnf;jzpfaom
tpm;tpmaygrsm;onfvnf;jzpfaom
auwkrwDrnfaom rif;aejynf jzpfvwHU/ &[ef;wdkY tESpf&Spfaomif; touf&Snfaom
vlwdkYacwf
ZrL'dyfuRef;0,f
auwkrwDrif;aejynfvQif
tcsKyftjcm&Sdaom
&Spfaomif;av;axmifaom NrdKUwdkYonf jzpfukefvwHU/ &[ef;wdkY tESpf&Spfaomif;
touf&Snfaom vlwdkYacwf auwkrwDrif;aejynf0,f w&m;apmifhaom w&m;ESifhtnD
rif;jyKaom ork'&mav;pif; tydkif;tjcm;&Sdonfh av;uRef;vHk;udk tpdk;&aom
&eftaygif;udk atmifaom wdkif;EdkifiHudk wnfNidrfapaom &wemckepfyg;ESifh jynfhpHkaom
ocFrnfaom
pMu0aw;rif;
jzpfvwHU?
xdk
(pMu0aw;rif;)
tm;
&wemckepfyg;wdkYonf jzpfay:ukefvwHU? (&wemckepfyg;wdkY)um; tb,fenf;?
pMum&wem qif&wem jrif;&wem ywjrm;&wem rdef;r &wem olaX;&wem
ckepfckajrmuf om;BuD;&wemwdkYaywnf;/ xdk (ocFpMu0aw;rif;) &J&ifhukefaom
ol&Jaumif;t*Fkyf&Sdukefaom wpfzufppfonfwdkYudk EdSrfESif;Edkifukefaom taxmifruaom
om;awmfwdkYonf &SdukefvwHU? xdk (pMu0aw;rif;)onf ork'&mtqHk;&Sdaom ajrudk
wkwfr aqmifrl vufeufraqmifrl w&m;ojzifh atmifjrifvsuf tkyfpdk;vwHU/
------

araw,sbk&m; yGifhawmfrljcif;
107/ ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]t&[H}
rnfawmfrlaom? (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkYudk) ukd,fwdkif rSefpGm odawmfrlaom
taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]ormorK'} rnfawmfrlaom? todPf ]0dZm} tusifh ]p&P}ESifh
jynfhpHkawmfrlaom
taMumif;aMumifhvnf;
]0dZmp&PorE}
rnfawmfrlaom?
aumif;aompum;udk qdkawmfrlwwfaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]ok*w}rnfawmfrlaom?
avmuudk odawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]avmu0d'l} rnfawmfrlaom?
qHk;rxdkufoludk qHk;rwwfonfh twkrJhyk*Kdvf jzpfawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf;
]tEkwa&m yk&do'rom&xd} rnfawmfrlaom? ewfvlwdkY\ q&mjzpfawmfrlaom
taMumif;aMumifh vnf; ]owm a'0rEkmeH} rnfawmfrlaom? (opmav;yg;w&m;wdkYudk)
odapawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]Ak'} rnfawmfrlaom? bkef;wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlaom
taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]b*0g} rnfawmfrlaom igonf ,cktcg avmu
yGifhawmfrlouJhodkY? &[ef;wdkY tESpf &Spfaomif; touf&Snfaom vlwdkYacwf
ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]t&[H} rnfawmfrlaom?h
(tvHk;pHkaomw&m;wdkYudk) ukd,fwdkif rSefpGm odawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf;
]ormorK'} rnfawmfrlaom? todPf ]0dZm} tusifh ]p&P}ESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom
taMumif; aMumifhvnf; ]0dZmp&PorE} rnfawmfrlaom? aumif;aompum;udk
qdkawmfrlwwfaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]ok*w} rnfawmfrlaom? avmuudk
odawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]avmu0d'l} rnfawmfrlaom? qHk;rxdkufoludk

qHk;rwwfonfh
twkrJhyk*Kdvf
jzpfawmfrlaom
taMumif;aMumifhvnf;
]tEkwa&myk&do'rom&xd} rnfawmfrlaom? ewfvlwdkY\ q&mjzpfawmf rlaom
taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]owma'0rEkmeH} rnfawmfrlaom? (opmav;yg;w&m;wdkYudk)
od apawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; ]Ak'}rnfawmfrlaom? bkef;wefcdk;BuD;awmfrlaom
taMumif; aMumifhvnf; ]b*0g}rnfawmfrlaom ]araw,s} rnfaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
yGifhawmfrlvwHU/
,cktcg igonf ewf rm&fewf jA[mwdkYESifhwuGaom (ewf)avmuESifh
orPjAm[P rif;rsm; vlrsm;ESifhwuGaom vlUavmu udk,fwdkif xl;aomPfjzifh
od rsufarSmufjyKvsuf a[mMum;ouJhodkY? xdkaraw,sjrwfpGmbk&m;onf ewf rm&fewf
jA[mwdkYESifh wuGaom (ewf) avmuESifh orPjAm[P rif;rsm; vlrsm;ESifhwuGaom
vlUavmu udk,fwdkif xl;aomPfjzifh od rsufarSmufjyKvsuf a[mMum;vwHU/
,cktcg igonf tp\aumif;jcif; tv,f\aumif; jcif;tqHk;\aumif;jcif;&Sdaom
teufESifh jynfhpHkaom o'gESifh jynfhpHkaom w&m;udk a[mawmfrlouJh odkY?
tvHk;pHkjynfhpHkaom pifMu,faom jrwfaom tusifhudk jyawmfrlouJhodkY? xdkaraw,s
jrwfpGm bk&m;onf tp\aumif;jcif; tv,f\aumif;jcif; tqHk;\aumif; jcif;&Sdaom
teufESifh jynfhpHkaom o'gESifhjynfhpHkaom w&m;udk a[mawmfrlvwHU? tvHk;pHkjynfhpHkaom
pifMu,faom jrwfaom tusifhudk jyawmfrlvwHU/ ,cktcg igonf t&mru
rsm;pGmaom &[ef;oHCm y&dowfudk aqmifvsuf a'opm&D<uouJhodkY? xdk
(araw,sjrwfpGmbk&m;) onf axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom &[ef; oHCmy&dowfudk
aqmifvsuf a'opm&D <uawmfrlvwHU/
108/ &[ef;wdkY xdktcg ocFpMu0aw;rif;onf r[myem'rif;\ bkef;uHaMumifh
odMum; rif;onf 0doMuHKtm; aqmufvkyfaptyfaom jymom'fudk xGufay:ap
(xdkjymom'f) pdk;tkyf ae NyD;aomf xdkjymom'fudk ay;pGefY orPjAm[P txD;usefol
c&D;oGm;{nfhonf zkef;awmif;,m pumwdkYtm; tvSLudk ay;vsuf bkef;wefcdk;ESifh
jynfhpHkawmfrlaom araw,s jrwfpGmbk&m; txH awmf qHrkwfqdwfudk &dwf
zef&nfpGef;aom t0wfwdkYudk 0wfNyD;vQif vlUabmifrS &[ef; abmifodkY 0ifa&mufvwHU/
odkY 0ifa&mufNyD;aomf xdk (&[ef;)onf wpfyg;wnf; qdwfNidrf&modkY csOf;uyfNyD;vQif
rarhravsmhaom ]owd} jyif;pGm tm;xkwfaom ]0D&d,} wnfMunfaom ]orm"d}
&Sdonfjzpf
aeonf&Sdaomf
vlUabmifrS
&[ef;abmifodkY
0ifa&mufaom
trsKd;aumif;om;rsm; vdkvm;tyfaom jrwfaomtusifh\ tqHk;jzpfaom t&[wzdkvfodkY
rMumrD ,ckb0yif xl;aom Pfjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmufjyKvsuf a&muf ae&vwHU/
109/ &[ef;wdkY rdrdomvQif uRef;BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf rdrdomvQif
udk;uG,f&m&Sd onfjzpf rdrdrSwpfyg;aom tjcm;udk;uG,f&mr&Sdonfjzpf aeMuukefavmh/
w&m;omvQif uRef; BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf w&m;omvQif udk;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf
w&m;rSwpfyg; tjcm; udk;uG,f&mr&Sdonfjzpf aeMuukefavmh/ &[ef;wdkY tb,fodkYvQif
&[ef;onf
rdrdomvQif
uRef;BuD;ozG,f
rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf
rdrdrSwpfyg;
tjcm;udk;uG,f&mr&Sdonfjzpf
ae&rnfenf;/hw&m;omvQif
uRef;BuD;ozG,f

rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf
w&m;omvQif
udk;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf
w&m;rS
wpfyg;
tjcm;udk;uG,f&mr&Sdonfjzpf ae&rnfenf;/ &[ef;wdkY (omoemawmf) &[ef;
onf jyif;pGmtm;xkwfvsuf qifjcifvsuf owd&Sdvsuf kyftaygif; kyftaygif;[k
tzefzefIvsuf avmu vdkcsifwyfrufjcif;ESifh ESvHk;romjcif;udk y,fazsmuf ae\/
cHpm;rI a0'emwdkY cHpm;rI a0'em[k tzefzefIvsuf/y/ pdwf pdwf[k tzefzefIvsuf
oabmw&m;wdkY oabmw&m;[k tzefzefIvsuf avmu vdkcsifwyfrufjcif;ESifh
ESvHk;romjcif;udk y,fazsmuf ae\/ &[ef;wdkY odkYvQif &[ef;onf rdrdomvQif
uRef;BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf rdrdomvQif udk;uG,f&m &Sdonfjzpf rdrdrS wpfyg;
tjcm;udk;uG,f&mr&Sdonfjzpf ae\/ w&m;omvQif uRef;BuD;ozG,f rSDcdk&m&Sdonfjzpf
w&m;omvQif udk;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf w&m;rS wpfyg; tjcm;udk;uG,f&m r&Sd onfjzpf
ae\/
------

&[ef;\ touf tqif;ponf wdk;yGg;jcif; taMumif;

110/ &[ef;wdkY (oifcspfom;wdkYonf) tz (bk&m;)rS vmaom rdrdwdkY (&[ef;rsm;\)
usufpm;&mtmHk usufpm;Muukefavmh/ &[ef;wdkY tz (bk&m;)rS vmaom rdrdwdkY
(&[ef;rsm;\)
usufpm;&mtmHk
usufpm;ukefaom
(oifcspfom;wdkYtm;)
touftm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukef vwHU? tqif;tm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefvwHU?
csrf;omtm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefvwHU? pnf;pdrf tm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefvwHU?
tm;cGeftm;jzifhvnf; wdk;yGg;ukefvwHU/
&[ef;wdkY &[ef;wdkY\ touf (wdk;yGg;jcif;\taMumif;) onf tb,fenf;?
&[ef;wdkY (omoemawmf) &[ef;onf qEBuD;rSL;aom orm"dESifhvnf;aumif;?
ory"mef0D&d,ESifhvnf;
aumif;
jynfhpHkaom
'dyg'fw&m;udk
yGg;rsm;\/
0D&d,BuD;rSL;aom orm"dESifhvnf;aumif;? ory"mef0D&d,ESifhvnf;aumif; jynfhpkHaom
'dyg'fw&m;udk
yGg;rsm;\/
pdwfBuD;rSL;aom
orm"dESifh
vnf;aumif;?
ory"mef0D&d,ESifhvnf;aumif; jynfhpkHaom 'dyg'fw&m;udk yGg;rsm;\/ ynmBuD;
rSL;aom orm"dESifhvnf;aumif;? ory"mef0D&d,ESifhvnf;aumif; jynfhpHkaom 'dyg'fudk
yGg;rsm;\/ xdk&[ef;onf ('dyg'fav;yg;) wdkYudk yGg;rsm;jcif;aMumifh tzefzef
tavhtvmjyKjcif;aMumifh
tvdk&SdcJhaomf
tm,kuyfywfvHk;vnf;aumif;?
tm,kuyft<uif;ywfvHk;vnf;aumif; wnfae&m\/ &[ef;wdkY um; &[ef;\ touf
(wdk;yGg;jcif;\ taMumif;) wnf;/
&[ef;wdkY &[ef;\ tqif; (wdk;yGg;jcif;\taMumif;) onf tb,fenf;? &[ef;wdkY
(omoemawmf) &[ef;onf oDv&Sd\? ygwdarmuoH0&oDvudk apmifhxdef;vsuf
ae\? tusifh ]tmpm&} usufpm;&m ]a*gp&} ESifh jynfhpHkonfjzpf tenf;i,frQaom
tjypfwdkY ]ab;}[k Ionfjzpf ae\? odumyk'fwdkY aumif;pGm aqmufwnf usifh\/
&[ef;wdkY um; &[ef;\ tqif; (wdk;yGg;jcif;\ taMumif;) wnf;/

&[ef;wdkY &[ef;\ csrf;om (wdk;yGg;jcif;\ taMumif;) onf tb,fenf;? &[ef;wdkY

(omoemawmf) &[ef;onf umr*kPfwdkYrS uif;qdwfomvQif tukodkvfw&m;wdkYrS
uif;qdwf omvQif MuHpnfjcif; ]0dwuf} ESifh wuGjzpfaom oHk;oyfjcif; ]0dpm&} ESifh
wuGjzpfaom (eD0&P) uif;qdwfjcif;aMumifhjzpfaom ESpfodrfhjcif; ]yDwd} csrf;omjcif;
]okc} &Sdaom yXrpsmefodkY a&muf ae\/ MuHpnfjcif; ]0dwuf} oHk;oyfjcif; ]0dpm&} wdkY\
Nidrf;jcif;aMumifh/y/ 'kwd,psmefodkY/ wwd, psmefodkY/ pwkwpsmefodkY a&mufae\/
&[ef;wdkY um; &[ef;\ csrf;om (wdk;yGg;jcif;\ taMumif;) wnf;/
&[ef;wdkY &[ef;\ pnf;pdrf (wdk;yGg;jcif;\taMumif;) onf tb,fenf;? &[ef;wdkY
(omoemawmf) &[ef;onf csrf;omapvdkjcif; ]arwm}ESifh,SOfaom pdwfjzifh
wpfckaom t&yf rsufESmudk ysHUESHUap ae\/ xdkYtwl ESpfckajrmuf t&yfrsufESmudk/
oHk;ckajrmuf t&yfrsufESmudk/ av;ckajrmuf t&yfrsufESmudk ysHUESHUap ae\/ enf;jzifh
txuf atmuf zDvm t&yfrsufESmudk ysHUESHUap ae\/ tvHk;pHkaom t&yfrsufESmwdkY
&Sdaom ow0gtm;vHk;udk rdrdESifhtwljyK ow0g tm;vHk;yg0ifaom owavmuudk
jyefYajymaom jrifhjrwfaom twdkif;t&Snfr&Sdaom &efr&Sdaom NidKjiifjcif;r&Sdaom
arwmESifh,SOfaom pdwfjzifh ysHUESHUap ae\/
oem;jcif; ]ukPm} ESifh,SOfaom pdwfjzifh/y/
0rf;ajrmufjcif; ]rk'dwm} ESifh,SOfaom pdwfjzifh/y/
vspfvsLIjcif; ]Oayum} ESifh,SOfaom pdwfjzifh wpfckaom t&yfrsufESmudk ysHUESHUap
ae\/ xdkYtwl ESpfckajrmuf t&yfrsufESmudk/ oHk;ckajrmuf t&yfrsufESmudk/ av;ckajrmuf
t&yfrsufESmudk ysHUESHUap ae\/ enf;jzifh txuf atmuf zDvm t&yfrsufESmudk
ysHUESHUap ae\/ tvHk;pHkaom t&yfrsufESmwdkY &Sdaom ow0gtm;vHk;udk rdrdESifh twljyK
tvHk;pHkaom t&yfrsufESmwdkY &Sdaom ow0gtm;vHk;udk rdrdESifh twljyK
ow0gtm;vHk;yg0ifaom owavmuudk jyefYajymaom jrwfaom twdkif;t&Snfr&Sdaom
NidKjiifjcif;r&Sdaom vspfvsLIjcif; ]Oayum} ESifh,SOfaom pdwfjzifh ysHUESHUap ae\/
&[ef;wdkY um; &[ef;\ pnf;pdrf (wdk;yGg;jcif;\taMumif;) wnf;/
&[ef;wdkY &[ef;\ cGeftm; (wdk;yGg;jcif;\ taMumif;) onf tb,fenf;? &[ef;wdkY
(omoemawmf) &[ef;onf tmoa0gw&m;wdkY\ ukefjcif;aMumifh
tmoa0guif;aom vGwf ajrmufaom (t&[wzdkvf) pdwfESifh vGwfajrmufaom
(t&[wzdkvf) ynmudk ,ckb0yif udk,f wdkif xl;aomPfjzifh od
rsufarSmufjyKvsuf a&muf ae\/ &[ef;wdkY um; &[ef;\ udk,ftm; Pftm;
(wdk;yGg;jcif;\ taMumif;) wnf;/
&[ef;wdkY ESdyfuGyfatmifjrifEdkifcJaom (a'0ykwpaom) rm&f\ cGeftm;ESifh wlaom
tjcm;aom
wpfckaom
cGeftm;udkrQvnf;
ig
jrifawmfrrl/
t&[wzdkvfcGeftm;onfomvQif
(a'0ykw
paom)
rm&f\
cGeftm;udk
ESdyfuGyfatmifjrifEdkif\/ &[ef;wdkY ukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk aqmufwnf usifhjcif;aMumifh
(qdkcJhonfh) twdkif; ukodkvf ukodkvf\ tusKd;onf wdk;yGg;\/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf w&m;udk a[mawmfrl\/ &[ef;wdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;

a[mawmfrlaom
w&m;awmfukd
ESpfvdkukefonfjzpf
0rf;ajrmufpGm
cH,lMuavukefownf;/
oHk;ckajrmuf pu0wdokwf NyD;\/
------

4-t*nokwf 0gao|ESifh bm&'GgZ

111/ tuREkfyfonf odkY Mum;emcJh&ygonf tcgwpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0wdjynf ykAmHkausmif; rd*g&rmwm ]0domcg}
jymom'f oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\/ xdktcg 0gao| (omraP)ESifh bm&'GgZ
(omraP)wdkYonf &[ef;wdkYxH &[ef;tjzpfudk awmifhwukefonf jzpf aeMuukef \/
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ncsrf;tcg (ormywf0ifpm;vsuf) wpfyg;wnf;
udef;atmif;awmfrl&mrS x jymom'frS oufqif;awmfrlNyD; vQif jymom'f&dyf
vGifwD;acgif pBu<uawmfrl\/
112/ 0gao|onf ncsrf;tcg (ormywf0ifpm;vsuf) wpfyg;wnf;
udef;atmif;awmf rl&mrShx jymom'frS oufqif;awmfrlNyD;vQif jymom'f&dyf vGifwD;acgif
pBu<uaeawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk jrifav\? jrifaomaMumifh bm&'GgZtm; ajym\ ]]ighoQif bm&'GgZ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ncsrf;tcg (ormywf0ifpm;vsuf)
wpfyg;wnf; udef;atmif;awmfrl&mrS x jymom'frS oufqif;NyD;vQif jymom'f&dyf
vGifwD;acgif pBu<uae awmfrl\/ ighoQif bm&'GgZ oGm;ukefpdkY? jrwfpGmbk&m;xHodkY
csOf;uyfMuukefpdkY? jrwfpGmbk&m; txH awmfrS w&m;pum;em&ef &aumif;&&m\}}[k
(ajym\)/
]]ighoQif aumif;ygNyD}}[k bm&'GgZonf 0gao|tm; 0efcH\/
113/ xdktcg 0gao|ESifh bm&'GgZwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHodkY csOf;uyfMuukef
jrwfpGm bk&m;udk &Sdcdk;MuNyD;vQif pBu<uawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;odkY aemufrS vdkuf
pBuoGm;ukef\/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf 0gao|tm; ar;awmfrl\ ]]0gao| ykPm;Zmwf&Sdukefaom ykPm;trsKd;aumif;om; jzpfukefaom oifwdkYonf
ykPm;rsKd;rS xGuf vlUabmifrS &[ef;abmifodkY 0ifa&mufMuukef\? 0gao| todkYenf;
oifwdkYudk ykPm;wdkYonf rqJa&;ukefoavm? ra&&Gwfukefoavm}}[k (ar;awmfrl\)/
jrwfpGmbk&m; pifppftm;jzifh ykPm;wdkYonf tuREkfyfwdkYudk rdrdtvdktm;avsmfaom
jynfhpHk aphpyfaom qJa&;a&&Gwfjcif;jzifh qJa&;Muygukef\? a&&GwfMuygukef\[k
(avQmuf\)/

0gao| ykPm;wdkYonf oifwdkYudk rdrd\ tvdktm;avsmfaom jynfhpHkaphpyfaom

qJa&;a&&Gwf
jcif;jzifh
tb,fodkY
qJa&;Muukefoenf;?
tb,fodkY
a&&GwfMuukefoenf;[k (ar;awmfrl\)/
jrwfpGmbk&m; ykPm;wdkYonf odkY qdkMuygukef\ ]] ykPm;rsKd;omvQif jrwf\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf ,kwfukef\? ykPm;rsKd;om
vQif jzLpif\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf rnf;eufukef\? ykPm;wdkYomvQif (trsKd;tEG,f
ponftm;jzifh) pifMu,fukef\? ykPm;r[kwfaom olwdkYonf rpifMu,fukef?
ykPm;wdkYom vQif jA[m\ &if jzpfukefaom jA[mhcHwGif;rS zGm;ukefaom jA[maMumifh
jzpfukefaom jA[mzefqif;ukefaom jA[mhtarGcHjzpfukefaom jA[m\ om;wdkYwnf;/
oifwdkYonf jrwfaom (ykPm;)trsKd;udk pGefY rm&frif;\ toif;0ifjzpfukefaom
jA[m\ ajczrdk;rS zGm;aom om;jzpfukefaom Zmwfedrfhukefaom rnf;npfukefaom OD;jynf;
&[ef;nHhwdkYxHodkY uyfa&mufjcif;onf raumif;onfomwnf;/
oifwdkYonf jrwfaom ykPm; trsKd;udk pGefY rm&frif;\ toif;0ifjzpfukefaom
jA[m\ ajczrdk;rS zGm;aom om;jzpfukefaom Zmwfedrfhukefaom rnf;npfukefaom OD;jynf;
&[ef;nHhwdkYxHodkY uyfa&mufjcif;onf ravsmufywfonfomwnf;}}[k (qdkMuygukef \)/
jrwfpGmbk&m; ykPm;wdkYonf odkYvQif tuREkfyfwdkYudk rdrd\ tvdktm;avsmfaom
jynfhpHk
aphpyfaom
qJa&;a&&Gwfjcif;jzifh
ESdyfpuf
qJa&;Muygukef\?
a&&GwfMuygukef\[k (avQmuf\)/
114/
0gao|
pifppftm;jzifh
ykPm;wdkYonf
a&S;avmujzpfpOfudk
ratmufarhEdkifukefom odkY qdkukef\/
]] ykPm;rsKd;omvQif jrwf\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf ,kwfukef\?
ykPm;rsKd;omvQif jzLpif\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf rnf;eufukef\? ykPm;wdkYomvQif
pifMu,fukef\? ykPm; r[kwfolwdkYonf rpifMu,fukef? ykPm;wdkYomvQif jA[m\ &if
jzpfukefaom jA[m\ cHwGif;rS zGm;ukefaom jA[maMumifh jzpfukefaom
jA[mzefqif;tyfukefaom jA[m\ tarGcHjzpfukefaom om;wdkYwnf;}}[k (qdkukef\)/
0gao|
ykPm;wdkY\
Muif&m
ykaP;rwdkY
Owkvmonfudkvnf;haumif;?
udk,f0efaqmifonfudkvnf;aumif;? om;zGm;onfudkvnf;aumif;? EdkYwdkufonfudkvnf;
aumif; odjrif&ukef\/ xdkykPm;wdkYonf t*FgZmwfrS arG;zGm;onf jzpfukefvsuf
]]ykPm;rsKd; omvQif jrwf\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf ,kwfukef\? ykPm;rsKd;omvQif
jzLpif\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf rnf;eufukef\? ykPm;wdkYonfomvQif
pifMu,fukef\? ykPm;r[kwfolwdkYonf rpifMu,fukef? ykPm;wdkYonfomvQif jA[m\
&if jzpfukefaom jA[m\ cHwGif;rS zGm;ukefaom jA[maMumifh jzpfukefaom
jA[mzefqif;tyfukefaom jA[m\ tarGcHjzpfukefaom om;wdkYwnf;}}[k qdkMuukef\?
xdkykPm;wdkYonf jA[mudkvnf; Iwfcs&ma&mufukef\? rrSefaom pum;udkvnf;
qdk&ma&mufukef\? rsm;pGmaom raumif;rIudkvnf; yGg;ap&ma&mufukef\/

------

trsKd;av;yg;
115/ 0gao| rif;rsKd;? ykPm;rsKd;? ukefonfrsKd;? olqif;&JrsKd;tm;jzifh av;yg;aom
trsKd;wdkYonf &Sdukef\/
0gao| vlUjynf tcsKdUrif;rsKd;onfvnf; toufudk owfavh&Sd\? olwpfyg;
ray; onfudk ,lavh&Sd\? umrwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhavh&Sd\? r[kwfrrSefonfudk
qdkavh&Sd\? ukef; pum;udk ajymwwf\? Murf;wrf;aom pum;udk ajymwwf\?
Nydefzsif;aom pum;udk ajymavh &Sd\? rufarmjcif;rsm;\? ysufpD;apvdkaompdwf&Sd\?
rSm;aomt,l0g'&Sd\/ 0gao| odkYvQif tukodkvfjzpfukefaom tukodkvf[k
qdktyfukefaom tjypf&Sdukefaom tjypf&Sdonf[k qdktyf ukefaom rrSD0Jtyfukefaom
rrSD0Jtyf[k qdktyfukefaom t&d,mrjzpfEdkifukefaom t&d,mrjzpf Edkif[k qdktyfukefaom
rnf;npfukefaom rnf;npf (qif;&J) aom tusKd;&Sdukefaom ynm&SdwdkY uJh&JUtyfukefaom
w&m;wdkYonf &Sdukef\/ ,if;w&m;wdkYudk vlUjynf tcsKdUaom rif;rsKd; vnf;
awGUjrif&ukef/ 0gao| vlUjynf tcsKdUykPm;rsKd;onfvnf;/y/ 0gao| vlUjynf
tcsKdUv,fvkyfukefonfrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao|
vlUjynf
tcsKdUqif;&Jom;rsKd;onfvnf; toufudk owfavh&Sd\? olwpfyg;ray;onfudk
,lavh&Sd\? umrwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhavh&Sd\? r[kwfrrSefonfudk qdkavh&Sd\?
ukef;pum;udk ajymwwf\? Murf;wrf;aom pum;udk ajymwwf\? Nydefzsif;aom pum;udk
ajymavh&Sd\? rufarmjcif;rsm;\? ysufpD;apvdkaom pdwf&Sd\? rSm;aom t,l0g' &Sd\/
0gao| odkYvQif tukodkvfjzpfukefaom tukodkvf[k qdktyfukefaom/y/ rnf;
npfukefaom rnf;npf (qif;&J) aom tusKd;&Sdukefaom ynm&SdwdkY uJh&JUtyfukefaom
w&m;wdkY onf &Sdukef\/ ,if;w&m;wdkYudk vlUjynf tcsKdUqif;&Jom;rsKd;vnf;
awGUjrif&ukef\/
0gao| vlUjynf tcsKdUaom rif;rsKd;onfvnf; toufowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\?
olwpfyg; ray;onfudk ,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\? umrwdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhjcif;rS
a&SmifMuOf\? r[kwf rrSefpum; ajymjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\? ukef;pum;rS a&SmifMuOf\?
Murf;wrf;aom pum;rS a&SmifMuOf\? Nydefzsif;aom pum;rS a&SmifMuOf\? rufarmjcif;
rrsm;? ysufpD;apvdkaom pdwfr&Sd? rSefaom t,l0g'&Sd\/
0gao|
odkYvQif
ukodkvfjzpfukefaom
ukodkvf[k
qdktyfukefaom
tjypfr&Sdukefaom tjypfr&Sd[k qdktyfukefaom rSD0Jtyfukefaom rSD0Jtyfonf[k
qdktyfukefaom t&d,mjzpfEdkif ukefaom t&d,mjzpfEdkifonf[k qdktyfukefaom
jzLpifukefaom jzLpif (csrf;om)aom tusKd;&Sd ukefaom ynm&SdwdkY csD;rGrf;tyfukefaom
w&m;wdkYonf &Sdukef\/ ,if;w&m;wdkYudk vlUjynfhtcsKdUaom rif;rsKd;vnf;
awGUjrif&ukef\/ 0gao| vlUjynf tcsKdUaom ykPm;rsKd; onfvnf;/y/ 0gao|
vlUjynf tcsKdUaom ukefonfrsKd;onfvnf;/y/ 0gao| vlUjynf tcsKdUaom

qif;&Jom;rsKd;onfvnf; toufowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/y/ rufarmjcif;rrsm;?

ysufpD;apvdkaom pdwfr&Sd? rSefaom t,l0g'&Sd\/
0gao|
odkYvQif
ukodkvfjzpfukefaom
ukodkvf[k
qdktyfukefaom
tjypfr&Sdukefaom tjypfr&Sd[k qdktyfukefaom rSD0Jtyfukefaom rSD0Jtyfonf[k
qdktyfukefaom t&d,mjzpfEdkif ukefaom t&d,mjzpfEdkifonf[k qdktyfukefaom
jzLpifukefaom jzLpif (csrf;om)aom tusKd;&Sd ukefaom ynm&SdwdkY csD;rGrf;tyfukefaom
w&m;wdkYonf &Sdukef\/ ,if;w&m;wdkYudk vlUjynf tcsKdUaom qif;&Jom;rsKd;vnf;
awGUjrif&ukef\/
116/ 0gao| trsKd;av;yg;wdkY odkY ynm&SdwdkY uJh&JUtyfonfvnf;jzpfukefaom
ynm&SdwdkY csD;rGrf;tyfonfvnf;jzpfukefaom trnf; tjzLjzpfukefaom w&m;ESpfyg;wdkY
a&m>yrf; onf jzpfygvsuf ykPm;wdkYonf odkY qdkukef\ ]] ykPm;rsKd;onfomvQif jrwf\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf ,kwfukef\?
ykPm;rsKd;onf omvQif jzLpif\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;wdkYonf rnf;eufukef\?
ykPm;wdkYomvQif (trsKd;tEG,f ponfjzifh) pifMu,fukef\? wpfyg;aom olwdkYonf
rpifMu,fukef? ykPm;wdkYomvQif jA[m\ &if jzpfukefaom jA[mcHwGif;rS zGm;ukefaom
jA[maMumifh jzpfukefaom jA[mzefqif;tyf ukefaom jA[m\ tarGcHjzpfukefaom
om;wdkYwnf;}}[k (qdkukef\)/ xdk (ykPm;)wdkY\ xdkpum;udk (ynm&SdwdkYonf)
0efrcHMuukef? tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf 0gao| trsKd;av;yg;wdkYwGif tMuif &[ef;onf ylaZmftxl;udk cHxdkuf\?
tmoa0gw&m; ukefNyD;jzpf\? (r*ftusifhudk) usifhoHk;NyD;jzpf\? (r*fudpudk) jyKNyD;jzpf\?
cEm0efudk csNyD;jzpf\? rdrd tusKd; (t&[wzdkvf) odkY a&mufNyD;jzpf\? b0oHa,mZOf
ukefNyD;jzpf\? aumif;pGm od vGwf ajrmufNyD;jzpf\? xdk (&[ef;)udk
(trsKd;av;yg;)wdkYwGif tjrwfqHk;[l w&m;ojzifhomvQif qdktyf\? rw&m;ojzifh
rqdktyf/
0gao| owavmu w&m;onfomvQif avmuvnf;aumif; wpfyg;aom
avmu vnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk;jzpf\/
117/ 0gao| tMuif taMumif;aMumifh vltaygif; w&m;oabmonfomvQif
rsuf arSmufb0vnf;aumif;? wrvGefb0vnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk;jzpf\? xdk
(w&m;)\ tjrwfqHk; tjzpfudk odkY qdkvwHUaom taMumif;jzifhvnf; odtyf\/
0gao| ]]rdrdxuf vGefjrwfolr&Sdaom &[ef;a*gwronf omuD0ifrif;rsKd;rS
&[ef;jyK\}}
[l
yaoe'Daumovrif;onf
pifppf
od\?
0gao|
omuD0ifrif;rsKd;wdkYonf yaoe'Daumov rif;\ tvdkodkY vdkufMu&ukef\/ 0gao|
omuD0ifrif;rsKd;wdkYonf yaoe'Daumovrif; ESdrfhcs jcif; &Sdcdk;jcif; c&D;OD;BudKqdkjcif;
vuftkyfcsDjcif; dkaojcif;udk jyKMu&ukef\? 0gao| odkYvQif omuD0ifrif;rsKd;wdkYonf
yaoe'Daumovrif; tMuif ESdrfhcsjcif; &Sdcdk;jcif; c&D;OD;BudKqdkjcif; vuftkyfcsDjcif;

tdktaojyKjcif;udk jyKMu&ukef\? yaoe'Daumovrif;onf xdkESdrfhcsjcif; &Sdcdk;jcif;

c&D;OD;BudKqdkjcif; vuftkyfcsDjcif; dkaojcif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; jyK\/
]]&[ef;a*gwronf aumif;jrwfaom Zmwf&Sd\? igonf ,kwfnHhaom Zmwf&Sd\?
&[ef;a*gwronf tm;ESifh jynfhpHk\? igonf tm;ESifh rjynfhpHk? &[ef;a*gwronf Munf
ndKzG,f &Sd\? igonf MunfndKzG,f r&Sd? &[ef;a*gwronf BuD;us,faom bkef;wefcdk;
&Sd\? igonfhtenf;i,faom bkef;wefcdk;&Sd\}}[k (ESvHk;oGif; jyK\)/
pifppfaomfum; w&m;udkomvQif tdktaojyKonfjzpf w&m;udkomvQif
tav;tjrwf jyKonfjzpf w&m;udkomvQif jrwfEdk;onfjzpf w&m;udkomvQif
ylaZmfonfjzpf
w&m;udkom
vQif
wkyf0yfjcif;
jyKonfjzpf
odkY
yaoe'Daumovrif;onf ig xdkESdrfhcsjcif; &Sdcdk;jcif; c&D;OD; BudKqdkjcif; vuftkyfcsDjcif;
dkaojcif;udk jyK\/
0gao|
tMuifhaMumifh
owavmu
w&m;onfomvQif
avmuvnf;aumif; wpfyg;aom avmuvnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk;jzpf\? (w&m;\)
tjrwfqHk;tjzpfudk qdktyfNyD;aom taMumif;jzifhvnf; odtyf\/
118/ 0gao| toD;oD;aomZmwf toD;oD;aomtrnf toD;oD;aomtEG,f
toD;oD;aom
trsKd;&Sdukefaom
oifwdkYonf
vlUabmifrS
&[ef;abmifodkY
0ifa&mufMuukef\/ ,if;odkY jzpfaomf vnf; oifwdkYonf ]]tb,folwdkYenf;}}[k
ar;Muukefaomf igwdkYonf ]]omuD0ifrif;om; bk&m; om;awmf &[ef;wdkYwnf;}} [l
0efcHMuukefavmh/
0gao| pifppf tMuifol\ ,HkMunfjcif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m; rwkefrvIyf wnf\?
r*ftjrif
ay:jcif;aMumifh
jzpf\?
xdkr*ftjrifjzifh
wnf\?
jrJjrH\?
&[ef;onfvnf;aumif;?
ykPm;onfvnf;
aumif;?
ewfonfvnf;aumif;?
rm&fonfvnf;aumif;?
jA[monfvnf;aumif;?
avmu
wpfpHk
wpfa,mufaomolonfvnf;aumif; vIyf&Sm;jcif;iSg rwwfEdkif? xdkolonf xdktcg
(igonf &if wnf cHwGif;rS xGufaom w&m;\ tpGrf;jzifh wnfaomaMumifh)
]]jrwfpGmbk&m;\ &ifrSjzpfaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ cHwGif;rS zGm;aom w&m;aMumifhjzpfaom
w&m;onf zefqif;tyfaom w&m; tarGcHjzpfaom om;wnf;}}[k qdkjcif;iSg oifh\?
tb,fhaMumifh qdkdjcif;iSg oifhoenf;? 0gao| ]]"rum, jA[um, "rblw
jA[blw}}[laom trnfonf ig\ trnfjzpfaomaMumifh wnf;/
119/ 0gao| &SnfaomumvvGefvwfaomf wpf&Hwpfcg avmuonf ysuf\?
xdktcg onf &Sdonfomwnf;? avmuysufvwfaomf ow0gwdkYonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh
tmb&bHk1 jzpfukef\? xdkolwdkYonf xdk (bkH) (psmef)pdwfaMumifh jzpfukef\?
ESpfodrfhjcif; ]yDwd} vQif tpm&Sd ukef\? rdrdwdkYudk,f a&mifjzifh vif;vsuf&Sdukef\?
aumif;uif usufpm;ukef\? wifhw,faomae&m&Sdukef\? Mum&SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk;
wnfukef\/

0gao| &SnfaomumvvGefvwfaomf wpf&Hwpfcg avmuonf wnf\?

xdktcgonf &Sdonfomwnf;? avmujzpfvwfaomf ow0gwdkYonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh
tmb&bHkrS pkaw (vlUbHk)odkY a&mufvmukef\/ xdkolwdkYonf vlUbHk
(Oypm&psmef) pdwfaMumifh jzpfukef\? ESpfodrfhjcif; ]yDwd}vQif tpm&Sdukef\?
rdrdwdkYudk,fa&mifjzifh
vif;vsuf&Sdukef\?
aumif;uif
usufpm;ukef\?
wifhw,faomae&m&Sdukef\? Mum&SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnfukef\/
-----1/ 'kwd,psmefoHk;bHkwGif ta&mift0gxGufaom jA[mwdkY\ae&m wwd,bHk

ajrqDjzpfay:vmjcif;
120/ 0gao| xdktcg (pMu0Vmuka#wpfodef;vHk;onf) wpfckwnf;aom
a&jyifBuD;om jzpf\? arSmiftwdjzpf\? wpfcJeuf arSmiftwdjzpf\? vaewdkYonf
xif&Sm;r&Sdukef?
euwfwm&mhoPmefwdkYonf
xif&Sm;r&Sdukef?
nOfhaeYwdkYonf
xif&Sm;r&Sdukef? v vcGJwdkYonf xif&Sm;r&Sdukef? Owk ESpfwdkYonf xif&Sm;r&Sdukef? rdef;r
a,musfm;wdkYonf xif&Sm;r&Sdukef? ow0gwdkYonf ]ow0g} [lom ac:a0:jcif;odkY
a&mufukef\/
0gao| &Snfaom umvvGefvwfaomf wpf&Hwpfcg xdkow0gwdkYtm; t&omESifh
jynfhpHkaom ajrqDonf a& xuf0ef;usiftESHU wnf\? Oyrm ylaom EdkYonf
at;onf&Sdaomf txuf tajr;jzpfouJhodkY? twl ajrqDonf xif&Sm;jzpf\? xdk
(ajrqD)onf tqif;ESifh jynfhpHk\? teHUESifh jynfhpHk\? t&omESifh jynfhpHk\?
axmywfqDOD;onf (tqif;ESifh) jynfhpHkouJhodkY? twl tqif;ESifh jynfhpHk \?
(ysm;acs;ponfh) tjypfuif;aom ysm;i,f&nfonf t&omESifh jynfhpHkouJhodkY? twl
t&omESifh jynfhpHk\/
0gao| xdktcg vQyfay:aom oabm&Sdaom ow0gwpfa,mufonf ]]tcsif;wdkY
t&m onf tb,fodkY t&om jzpfvdrfhrnfenf;}}[k ajrqDudk vufacsmif;jzifh (,l)
vsuf\? ajrqD udk vufacsmif;jzifh (,l) vsufaom xdkow0gtm; (t&omonf
ckepfaxmifaom taMumwdkYudk) ysHUESHU wnf\? xdkow0gtm; wyfjcif; wPSmonfvnf;
jzpf\/ 0gao| wpfyg;aom ow0gwdkY onfvnf; xdkow0gudk twkvdkuf ajrqDudk
vufacsmif;jzifh (,l) vsufukef\? ajrqDudk vufacsmif;jzifh (,l) vsufukefaom
xdkow0gwdkYtm; (t&omonf ckepfaxmifaom taMumwdkY udk) ysHUESHU wnf\?
xdkow0gwdkYtm; wyfjcif; wPSmonfvnf; jzpf\/
------

vae ponfwdkY jzpfay:vmjcif;

121/ 0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYonf ajrqDudk vufwdkYjzifh tvkwftavG;jyK

pm;&ef tm;xkwfukef\? 0gao| xdkow0gwdkYonf ajrqDudk vufwdkYjzifh
tvkwftavG;jyK pm;&ef tm; xkwfMuaomtcg xdkow0gwdkYtm; rdrdwdkY
udk,fa&mifonf uG,f\? rdrdwdkY udk,fa&mif uG,fonf &Sdaomf vaewdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukef\?
vaewdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukefaomf euwf wm&mwdkY xif&Sm;jzpf ukef\? euwf wm&m
oPmefwdkY
xif&Sm;jzpfukefaomf
nOfhaeYwdkY
xif&Sm;jzpfukef\?
nOfhaeYwdkY
xif&Sm;jzpfukefaomf v vcGJwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukef\? Owk ESpfwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukef\/
0gao| rQaom tydkif;tjcm;jzifh avmuonf wpfzef jzpf\/
122/ 0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYonf ajrqDudk pm;ukefvsuf xdkajrqDvQif
tpm&Sdukef vsuf xdkajrqDvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk;
wnfukef\/ 0gao| xdk ow0gwdkYonf tMuiftMuiftjcif;t&mtm;jzifh ajrqDudk
pm;ukefvsuf xdkajrqDvQif tpm&Sdukef vsuf xdkajrqDvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf
&SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnfukef\? 0gao| xdkxdk tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh ajrqDudk
pm;ukefaom
xdkow0gwdkY\
udk,f
Murf;wrf;jcif;onfvnf;
jzpf\?
tqif;azmufjyefjcif;onfvnf; xif\/
t csKdUow0gwdkYonf tqif;vSukef\? tcsKdUow0gwdkYonf tqif;rvSukef?
xdkow0gwdkYwGif tqif;vSaom ow0gwdkYonf tqif;rvSaom ow0gwdkYudk
]]igwdkYonf ow0gwdkYxuf ydkvGef tqif;vSukef\? ow0gwdkYonf igwdkYxuf
ydkvGef tkyfqdk;ukef\}}[k tvGefrmefrl ukef\? tqif;vSjcif;udkpGJ tvGefrmefrlaom
taMumif;aMumifh tvGefrmefrlwwfaom oabm&Sd ukefaom xdkow0gwdkYtm; ajrqDonf
uG,fav\? ajrqDuG,fonf&Sdaomf pnf;a0;ukef\? pnf; a0;ukefNyD; ]]ta[m&oH
ta[m&oH ajrqDuG,fcJhNyDwum;? ajrqDuG,fcJhNyDwum;}}[k nnf;wGm; Muukef \?
xdkpum;udk (pGJ) ,cktcgvnf; vlwdkYonf wpfpHkwpfckaomt&omaumif;udk
&vwfaomtcg ]]ta[m&oH ta[m&oH}}[k qdkMuukef\? xdk (ta[m&oH
ta[m&oH[laom) a&S;usaom OD;pGmodtyfaom pum;udkom twkvdkuf
qdkMuukefaomfvnf; xdkpum;\ teuf t"dyg,fudkum; rodMuukef/
------

ajrvTmjzpfay:vmjcif;
123/
0gao|
xdktcg
xdkow0gwdkYtm;
t&omESifh
jynfhpHkaom
ajrqDuG,fonf&Sdaomf ajrvTmonf xif&Sm;jzpf\? rIdonf xif&Sm;jzpfouJhodkY twl
ajrvTmonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk (ajrvTm)onf tqif; teHU t&omESifh jynfhpHk\?
axmywf qDOD;onf tqif;ESifh jynfhpHkouJhodkY? twl tqif;ESifh jynfhpHk \?
tjypfuif;aom ysm;i,f&nfonf t&omESifh jynfhpHkouJhodkY? twl t&omESifh
jynfhpHk\/ 0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYonf ajrvTmudk pm;&ef tm;xkwfukef\/ xdk

(ow0g) wdkYonf xdk (ajrvTm)udk pm;ukefvsuf xdkajrvTmvQif tpm&Sdukefvsuf

xdkajrvTmvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnfukef\/
0gao| tMuif tMuif tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xdkow0gwdkYonf xdkajrvTmudk
pm;ukefvsuf xdk ajrvTmvQif tpm&Sdukefvsuf xdkajrvTmvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf
&SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnf ukef\? xdkxdk tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xdkow0gwdkY\
udk,f a&S;uxuf ydkrdk Murf;wrf;onf\ tjzpfonfvnf; usa&muf\?
tqif;azmufjyefjcif;onfvnf; xif&Sm;\? tcsKdUow0gwdkYonf tqif;vSukef\?
tcsKdUow0gwdkYonf tqif;rvSukef? xdkow0gwdkYwGif tqif;vSaom ow0g wdkYonf
tqif;rvSaom ow0gwdkYudk ]]igwdkYonf olwdkYxuf ydkvGef tqif;vSukef \?
olwdkYonf igwdkYxuf ydkvGef tkyfqdk;ukef\}}[k tvGefrmefrlMuukef\?
tqif;vSjcif;udk (pGJ) tvGefrmefrlaom taMumif;aMumifh tvGefrmefrljcif;oabm
&Sdukefaom xdkow0gwdkYtm; ajrvTmonf uG,fav\/
------

EG,fcsKdjzpfay:vmjcif;
124/ ajrvTmuG,fonf&Sdaomf tvGefcsKdaom EG,fonf xif&Sm;jzpf\? tvGefcsKdaom
uefpGef;EG,fonf xif&Sm;jzpfouJhodkY twl xif&Sm;jzpf\? xdk (EG,f)onf tqif; teHU
t&omESifh jynfhpHk\? Oyrm axmywfqDOD;onf tqif;ESifh jynfhpHkouJhodkY? twl
tqif;ESifh jynfhpHk\? tjypfuif;aom ysm;i,f&nfonf t&omESifh jynfhpHkouJhodkY?
twl t&omESifh jynfhpHk\/
0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYonf tvGefcsKdaom EG,fudk pm;&ef tm;xkwfukef\? xdk
(ow0g)wdkYonf xdk (tvGefcsKdaomEG,f) udk pm;ukefvsuf xdktvGefcsKdaom EG,fvQif
tpm&Sdukef vsuf xdktvGefcsKdaom EG,fvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom
umvywfvHk; wnfukef\/ 0gao| tMuif tMuiftjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xdkow0gwdkYonf
xdktvGefcsKdaom EG,fudk pm;ukefvsuf xdktvGefcsKdaom EG,fvQif tpm&Sdukefvsuf
xdktvGefcsKdaom EG,fvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnfukef \?
xdkxdktjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xdkow0gwdkY\ udk,f a&S;uxuf ydkrdk Murf;wrf;onf\
tjzpfonfvnf; usa&muf\? tqif;azmufjyefjcif;onfvnf; xif&Sm;\/
t csKdUaom ow0gwdkYonf tqif;vSukef\? tcsKdUaom ow0gwdkYonf
tqif;rvSukef? xdkow0gwdkYwGif tqif;vSaom ow0gwdkYonf tqif;rvSaom
ow0gwdkYudk ]]igwdkYonf ol wdkYxuf tqif;vSukef\? olwdkYonf igwdkYxuf
ydkvGef
tkyfqdk;ukef\}}[k
tvGefrmefrlukefh\?
tqif;udk
pGJ
rmefrlaomtaMumif;aMumifh tvGefrmefrljcif;oabm&Sdukefaom xdkow0gwdkY tm;
tvGefcsKdaom EG,fonf uG,fav\/
tvGefcsKdaomEG,f uG,fonf&Sdaomf pnf;a0;Muukef\? pnf;a0;MuukefNyD; ]]t[k
0w aem t[m,d 0w aem igwdkYtm; csKdaom EG,fonf jzpfcJh\wum;? csKdaom

EG,fonf igwdkYtm; uG,fcJhNyDwum;}}[k nnf;wGm;Muukef\/ xdkpum;udk (pGJ)

,cktcgvnf; vlwdkYonf wpfpHkwpfck qif;&JESifh awGUMuukefvwfaomf ]]igwdkYtm;
(csrf;omrIonf) jzpfcJh\wum;? igwdkYtm; (csrf;omrIonf) uG,fcJhNyDwum;}}[k
qdkMuukef\? xdk ]t[k 0w aem t[m,d 0w aem} [laom a&S;usaom
OD;pGmodtyfaom
pum;udkom
twkvdkuf
qdkMuaomfvnf;
xdkpum;\
teuft"dyg,fudkum; rodMuukef/
------

tvdktavsmuf oav;qefjzpfay:vmjcif;
125/ 0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYtm; tvGefcsKdaomEG,f uG,fonf&Sdaomf xif;jzifh
rcsuf &aom zGJEkrygaom zGJrygaom jzLpifaom aumif;aom teHU&Sdaom
qefvHk;omtoD;&Sdaom oav;yifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
tMuif (oav;qef) udk ntcg npmtvdkYiSg aqmif,lukef\? xdk (oav;qef)
onf eHeuf tcg rSnfhvsuf wpfzef ayguf\? tMuif (oav;qef) udk eHeuftcg
eHeufpmtvdkYiSg aqmif,l ukef\? xdkoav;qefonf nOfhtcg rSnfhonfjzpf wpfzef
ayguf\? ,l&mt&yfonf rxif? 0gao| xdktcg ow0gwdkYonf xif;jzifh rcsuf&aom
oav;qefudk pm;ukefvsuf xdkoav;qef vQif tpm&Sdukefvsuf xdkoav;qefvQif
tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnf ukef\/
------

rdef;ra,musfm; vdifxif&Sm;jzpfjcif;
126/ 0gao| tMuif tMuiftjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xdkow0gwdkYonf xif;jzifh
rcsuf&aom oav;qefudk pm;ukefvsuf xdkoav;qefvQif tpm&Sdukefvsuf
xdkoav;qefvQif tm[m&&Sdukef vsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnfukef\? xdkxdk
tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh a&S;uxuf ydkrdk xdk ow0gwdkY\ udk,f Murf;wrf;onf\
tjzpfonfvnf; usa&muf\? tqif;azmufjyefjcif;onf vnf; xif&Sm;\?
rdef;rtm;vnf; rdef;rvdifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\? a,musfm;tm;vnf; a,musfm; vdifonf
xif&Sm;jzpf\? rdef;ronfvnf; a,musfm;udk wpdef;pdef; Munfh\? a,musfm;onfvnf;
rdef;rudk wpdef;pdef; Munfh\? tcsif;csif; wpdef;pdef; Munfhukefaom xdkrdef;r
a,musfm;wdkYtm; jyif;pGm wyfrufjcif; ]&m*} onf xif&Sm;jzpfav\? &m*aMumifhjzpfaom
ylyefjcif;onf udk,f usa&muf\? xdk (rdef;r a,musfm;) wdkYonf &m*aMumifh jzpfaom
ylyefjcif;aMumifh arxkeftusifh udk rSD0Jukef\/
0gao| xdktcg arxkeftusifhrSD0Jaom olwdkYudk jrifMuaomtcg wpfyg;aom
olwdkYonf
]]npfaomol
ysufavavmh?
npfaomol
ysufavavmh?
ow0gwpfa,mufonf ow0gwpfa,muf tm; odkYaom trIudk tb,fhaMumifh
jyK&oenf;}}[k qdk ajrrIefYjzifh ypfukef\? wpfyg;aom olwdkYonf jymjzifh ypfukef\?

wpfyg;aom olwdkYonf EGm;acs;jzifh ypfukef\? ,cktcgvnf; vlwdkYonf tcsKdUaom

Zeyk'fwdkY owdkYorD;udk aqmif,lvwfaomf ajrrIefYjzifh ypfukef\? tcsKdU vlwdkYonf
jymjzifh ypfukef\? tcsKdUvlwdkYonf EGm;acs;jzifh ypfukef\/ a&S;usaom OD;pGmodtyfaom
xdktusifhtrludk twkvdkuf jyKvkyfMuaomfvnf;hxdktusifhtrl\ teuft"dyg,fudkum;
rodMuukef/
------

arxkeftusihf
127/ 0gao| xdk (urmwnfp) tcg xdk (tdrfaxmifrI) udk t"r[l
orkwftyf\? ,cktcg xdk (tdrfaxmifrI) udk "r[l orkwftyf\/ 0gao| xdk
(urmwnfp)
tcg
tMuifow0gwdkYonf
arxkeftusifhudk
rSD0Jukef\?
xdkow0gwdkYonf wpfvvHk;vHk;vnf;aumif;? ESpfvvHk;vHk;vnf; aumif; &Gmed*Hk;odkY
0ifcGifhr&Muukef/0gao| tMuif (urmwnfp) tcg xdkow0gwdkYonf xdk
arxkeftusifh tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd rSD0Jjcif;odkY a&mufukef\? xdktcg xdkarxkeftusifhudk
zHk;uG,f&ef tvdkYiSg tdrfaqmuf&ef tm;xkwfMuukef\? 0gao| xdktcg ysif;&daom
oabm&Sdaom ow0g wpfa,muftm; odkYaom tMuHonf jzpf\? ]]tcsif;wdkY igonf
oav;qefudk nOfhtcg nOfhpm eHeuftcg eHeufpmtvdkYiSg ,lvsuf tb,fhaMumifh
yifyef;cHaernfenf;? igonf oav; qefudk wpfBudrfwnf;jzifhom nOfhpm
eHeufpmtvdkYiSg aqmif&rl aumif;avpG}}[k (tMuHjzpf\)/
0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gonf oav;qefudk wpfBudrfwnf;jzifhom nOfhpm
eHeufpm tvdkYiSg aqmif,l\/ 0gao| xdktcg wpfyg;aom ow0gonf xdkow0gxH
csOf;uyf xdkow0g tm; ]]tcsif; vmavmh? oav;qef,l&ef oGm;ukeftHh}}[k qdk\/
]]tcsif;vl awmfNyD? igonf oav;qefudk wpfBudrfwnf;jzifhom nOfhpm eHeufpmtvdkYiSg
,lcJhNyD}}[k qdk\/ 0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gonf xdkow0gtwkudk vdkuf ]]tcsif;vl
odkY (ESpf&ufpm ,lxm;jcif;onf) vnf; aumif;\}}[k oav;qefudk
wpfBudrfwnf;jzifhom ESpf&ufpmtvdkYiSg aqmif,l\/
0gao| xdktcg wpfyg;aom ow0gonf xdkow0gxH csOf;uyf ]] tcsif;vl
vmavmh? oav;qef,l&ef oGm;ukeftHh}}[k qdk\/ tcsif;vl awmfNyD? igonf
oav;qefudk wpfBudrfwnf; jzifhom ESpf&uf pm,lcJhNyD[k qdk\/ 0gao| xdktcg
xdkow0gonf xdkow0gtwkudk vdkuf tcsif;vl odkY (av;&ufpm ,lxm;jcif;onf)
vnf; aumif;\[k oav;qefudk wpfBudrfwnf; jzifhom av;&ufpmtvdkYiSg
aqmif,l\/
0gao| xdktcg wpfyg;aom ow0gonf xdkow0gxH csOf;uyf ]]tcsif;vl
vmavmh? oav;qef,l&ef oGm;ukeftHh}}[k qdk\/ tcsif;vl awmfNyD? igonf
oav;qefudk wpfBudrfwnf; jzifhom av;&ufpm ,lcJhNyD[k qdk\/ 0gao| xdktcg

xdkow0gonf xdkow0gtwkudk vdkuf tcsif;vl odkY (&Spf&ufpm ,lxm;jcif;onf)

vnf; aumif;\[k oav;qefudk wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh om &Spf&ufpmtvdkYiSg aqmif,l\/
0gao| tMuiftcg xdkow0gwdkYonf oav;qefudk odkrSD; pm;&ef
tm;xkwfukef\? xdktcg zGJEkonfvnf; qefudk ajr;,Suf\? zGJonfvnf; qefudk
zHk;tkyf\? dk;jywfonfvnf; jyef rpnfyif? jzwf&mt&yfonf xif&Sm;\?
oav;yifwdkYonf tpkvdkuf tpkvdkuf wnfukef\/
------

oav;qef cGJa0jcif;
128/ 0gao| xdktcg xdkow0gwdkYonf pnf;a0;Muukef\? pnf;a0;MuukefNyD;aomf
nnf;wGm;Muukef\?
]]tcsif;wdkY
ow0gwdkY
t,kwfw&m;wdkYonf
xif&Sm;jzpfcJhukefNyDwum;? igwdkYonf a&S;u (Oypm&psmef) pdwfjzifh NyD;ukef \? ESpfodrfhjcif;
]yDwd} vQif tpm&Sdukef\? rdrdwdkY udk,fa&mifjzifh awmufyukef\? aumif;uif
oGm;vmEdkifukef\? wifhw,faomae&m&Sdukef\? &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk;wnfukef\/
&SnfpGmaom umvvGefvwfaomf wpf&Ha&mtcg xdkigwdkYhtm; t&omESifh jynfhpHkaom
ajrqDonf a& xuf0ef;usiftESHU wnf\? xdkajrqDonf tqif; teHUt&omESifh
jynfhpHk\? xdkigwdkYonf ajrqDudk vufwdkYjzifh tvkwftavG;jyK pm;&ef tm;xkwf
cJhukef\? ajrqDukd vufwdkYjzifh tvkyftavG;jyKum pm;&ef vHkUvjyKukefaom xdkigwdkYtm;
rdrdwdkY udk,fa&mifonf uG,fcJh\? rdrdwdkY udk,fa&mifuG,fonf&Sdaomf vaewdkY
xif&Sm;jzpfukef\? vaewdkY xif&Sm;jzpfaomf euwf wm&mwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukef\? euwf
wm&m oPmefwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukefaomf nOfhaeYwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukef\? nOfhaeYwdkY
xif&Sm;jzpfukefaomf v vcGJwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukef\? v vcGJwdkY xif&Sm;jzpfukefaomf Owk
ESpfwdkYonf xifukef\? xdk igwdkYonf ajrqDudk pm;ukefvsuf xdkajrqDvQif
tpm&Sdukefvsuf xdkajrqDvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnfcJh
Muukef\/
xdkigwdkYtm; ,kwfnHhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkY xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh ajrqDonf
uG,fcJh\? ajrqDuG,fonf&Sdaomf ajrvTmonf xif&Sm;jzpfcJh\? xdkajrvTmonf tqif;
teHU t&omESifh jynfhpHk\? xdkigwdkYonf ajrvTmudk pm;&ef tm;xkwfcJhMuukef\?
xdkigwdkYonf xdkajrvTmudk pm;ukefvsuf xdkajrvTmvQif tpm&Sdukefvsuf xdkajrvTmvQif
tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnf cJhMuukef\/
,kwfnHhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkY\ xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh xdkigwdkYtm; ajrvTmonf
uG,fcJh\? ajrvTmuG,fonf&Sdaomf csKdaom EG,fonf xif&Sm;jzpfcJh\? xdk (csKdaomEG,f)
onf tqif; teHU t&omESifh jynfhpHk\? xdkigwdkYonf csKdaom EG,fwdkYudk pm;&ef
tm;xkwfcJhMuukef\? xdkigwdkYonf csKdaom EG,fudk pm;ukefvsuf xdkcsKdaom EG,fvQif
tpm&Sdukefvsuf xdkcsKdaom EG,fvQif tm[m& &Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk;
wnfcJhMuukef\/

xdkigwdkYtm;
,kwfnHhaom
tukodkvfw&m;wdkY\
xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh
csKdaomEG,fonf uG,fcJh\? csKdaomEG,f uG,fonf&Sdaomf xif;jzifh rcsuf&aom
qefuGJr&Sdaom zGJr&Sdaom pifMu,faom aumif;aom teHU&Sdaom qefvHk;omoD;aom
oav;yifonf xif&Sm;jzpfcJh\/ tMuif (oav;qef) udk nOfhtcg nOfhpmtvdkYiSg
,lukef\? eHeuftcg xdk (oav;qef) onf rSnfhonf jzpf wpfzef ayguf\? tMuif
oav;qefudk eHeuftcg eHeufpmtvdkYiSg ,lukef\? nOfhtcg xdk oav;qefonf
rSnfhonfjzpf wpfzef ayguf\? &dwfjzwf (,l) &m t&yfonf rxifukef/ xdk ig wdkYonf
xif;jzifh rcsuf&aom oav;qefudk pm;ukefvsuf xdkoav;qefvQif tpm&Sdukefvsuf
xdkoav;qefvQif tm[m&&Sdukefvsuf &SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; wnfcJhMuukef \/
xkdigwdkYtm; ,kwfnHhaom tukokdvfw&m;wdkY xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh zGJEkonfvnf;
qefudk ajr;,Suf\? zGJonfvnf; qefudk zHk;tkyf\? kd;jywfonfvnf; wpfzef rpnfyif?
jzwf&m,l&m t&yfonf xif&Sm;av\? oav;yifwdkYonf tpkvdkuf tpkvdkuf
wnfukef\/ ]]igwdkYonf oav;yifudk a0Mu&rl tydkif;tjcm; xm;Mu&rl aumif;avpG}}[k
(nnf;wGm;Muukef\)/ 0gao| xkdtcg xkdow0gwdkYonf oav;yifudk a0ukef\?
tydkif;tjcm;udk xm;ukef\/
129/ 0gao| xkdtcg vQyfay:aom oabm&Sdaom ow0gwpfa,mufonf
rdrdtzdkYudk apmifha&Smuf olwpfyg;tzdkYudk ray;bJ ,l oHk;pm;\? xkdoludk zrf;ukef\?
zrf;NyD;aomf odkY qkdukef\ ]]tcsif;ow0g oifonf ,kwfnHhaom trIudk jyKbd\wum;? oifonf rdrdtzdkYudk
apmifh a&Smuf olwpfyg;tzdkYudk ray;bJ ,l oHk;pm;bd\? tcsif;ow0g oifonf
aemufwpfzef odkYaom trIudk rjyKvifh}}[k (qdkukef\)/
0gao| xkdow0gonf ]]t&SifwdkY aumif;ygNyD}}[k xkdow0gwdkYtm; 0efcH\? 0gao|
xkd ow0gonf ESpfBudrfajrmufvnf;/y/ 0gao| xkdow0gonf oHk;Budrfajrmufvnf;
rdrdtzdkYudk apmifha&Smuf olwpfyg;OpmtzdkYudk ray;bJ ,l oHk;pm;\? xkdoludk
zrf;ukef\? zrf;NyD;aomf odkY qdkukef\ ]]tcsif;ow0g oifonf ,kwfnHhaomtrIudk jyKbd\wum;? oifonf rdrdtzdkYudk
apmifh a&Smuf olwpfyg;tzdkYudk ray;bJ ,l oHk;pm;bd\? tcsif;ow0g oifonf
aemufwpfzef odkYaom trIudk rjyKvifh}}[k (qdkukef) wpfyg;aom olwdkYonf
xkdcdk;aom oludk vufjzifh ykwfcwfukef\? tcsKdUolwdkYonf cJjzifh aygufukef\?
tcsKdUolwdkYonf wkwfjzifh kdufukef\/ 0gao| xkdtcgu tpjyK ray;onfudk
,ljcif;onf xif&Sm;\? uJh&JUjcif;onf xif&Sm;\? r[kwfrrSef ajymjcif;onf xif&Sm;\?
wkwf (vufeuf) udkifjcif;onf xif&Sm;\/
------

r[morwrif;

130/ 0gao| xkdtcg ow0gwdkYonf pnf;a0;ukef\? pnf;a0;ukefNyD;aomf

nnf;wGm;Mu ukef\ ]]tcsif;wdkY ow0gwdkY t,kwfw&m;wdkYonf xif&Sm;jzpfukefNyDwum;? tMuifhaMumifh
ray; bJ,ljcif;onf xif&Sm;\? uJh&JUjcif;onf xif&Sm;\? r[kwfrrSefajymjcif;onf
xif&Sm;\? wkwfudkif jcif;onf xif&Sm;\? xdkYaMumifh Iwfcsxkdufoludk w&m;ojzifh
Iwfcsaom uJh&JUxkdufoludk w&m; ojzifh uJh&JUaom ESifxkwfxkdufoludk w&m;ojzifh
ESifxkwfaom wpfa,mufaomoludk igwdkY orkwf ukeftHh? xdkYjyif igwdkYonf xkdoltm;
oav;qefwdkY\ tzdkYtpkudk ay;ukeftHh}}[k (nnf;wGm; ajymqdkMuukef\)/
0gao| xkdtcg xkdow0gwdkYonf xkdow0gwdkYwGif tvGeftqif;vSaom
tvGefIcsifzG,f &Sdaom tvGefMunfndKzG,f&Sdaom tvGefwefcdk;BuD;aom ow0gxH
csOf;uyf pum;udk qdkMu ukef\ ]]t&Sifvl vmygavmh? Iwfcsxkdufoludk w&m;ojzifh Iwfcsygavmh? uJh&JUxkdufoludk
w&m; ojzifh uJh&JUygavmh? ESifxkwfxkdufoludk w&m;ojzifh ESifxkwfygavmh?
tuREkfyfwdkYum; oifhtm; oav;qefwdkY\ tzdkYtpkudk ay;ygukeftHh}}[k (qdkMuukef\)/
0gao| xkdow0gonf ]] tcsif;wdkY aumif;ygNyD}}[k xkdow0gwdkYtm; 0efcH
Iwfcsxkduf oludk w&m;ojzifh Iwfcs\? uJh&JUxkdufoludk w&m;ojzifh uJh&JU\?
ESifxkwfxkdufoludk w&m;ojzifh ESifxkwf\? xkdolwdkYonfum; xkdoltm; oav;qefwdkY\
tzdkYtpkudk ay;Muukef\/
131/ 0gao| vltrsm;wdkYonf orkwftyfaomaMumifh ]]r[morw r[morw}}
[laom yXra0g[m& ]a&S;OD;pGm ac:qdkjcif; }onf jzpf\? 0gao| v,fajrwdkY\
t&SifjzpfaomaMumifh ]]cwd,cwd,}}[laom 'kwd,a0g[m& ]ESpfqifhajrmuf ac:qdkjcif;}
onf jzpf\? 0gao| w&m; ojzifh olwpfyg;wdkYudk ESpfoufapwwfaomaMumifh ]]&mZm
&mZm}}[laom wwd,a0g[m& ]oHk;qifh ajrmufac:qdkjcif;}onf jzpf \/ 0gao|
odkYvQif a&S;usaom a&S;OD;pGm odtyfaom xkdrif;rsKd;\ trnfonf jzpfav\?
xkdow0gwdkY\omvQif (xkdtrnfonf) jzpf\? wpfyg;aom ow0gwdkY\ (trnf)
rjzpf? wlaomow0gwdkY\omvQif (trnf) jzpf\? rwlaom ow0gwdkY\ (trnf)
rjzpf? w&m;ojzifhomvQif (trnf) jzpf\? rw&m;ojzifh (trnf) rjzpf/ 0gao| rSef\?
vl
taygif;
w&m;onfomvQif
rsufarSmufb0vnf;aumif;
wrvGefb0vnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk; jzpf\/
------

ykPm;tpk
132/ 0gao| xkdtcg xkdow0gwdkYwGif tcsKdUow0gwdkYtm; odkYaom tMuHonf
jzpf\ -

]]tcsif;wdkY ow0gwkdkY t,kwfw&m;wdkYonf xif&Sm; jzpfukefNyDwum;?

tMuifhaMumifh
ray;bJ,ljcif;onf
xif&Sm;\?
uJh&JUjcif;onf
xif&Sm;\?
r[kwfrrSefajymjcif;onf xif&Sm;\? wkwfudkifjcif;onf xif&Sm;\? ESifxkwfjcif;onf
xif&Sm;\? igwdkYonf ,kwfnHhaom tukokdvf w&m;wdkYudk arQmMu&rl aumif;avpG}}[k
(tMuHjzpf\)/ xkdow0gwdkYonf xkd,kwfnHhaom tukokdvfw&m;wdkYudk arQmMuukef\/
0gao| ,kwfnHhaom tukokdvfw&m;wdkYudk arQmMuaom aMumifh ]]jAm[P
jAm[P}}[laom yXra0g[m& ]a&S;OD;pGm ac:qdkjcif;}onf jzpf\? xkd (jAm[P) wdkYonf
awmt&yf opf&Gufrdk; ausmif;wdkYudk jyK opf&Gufrdk;ausmif;wdkY psmef0ifpm;ukef\?
(csufjyKwf pm;jcif;r&SdaomaMumifh) rD;cJ rD;cdk;rS uif;ukefonfjzpf? (axmif;
csufjyKwfzG,f r&SdaomaMumifh) usnfayGUwdkYudk csxm;ukefonfjzpf nOfhtcg
nOfhpmtvdkYiSg eHeuftcg eHeufpm tvdkYiSg &Gmed*Hk; rif;aejynfwdkYodkY tpm&Sm&ef
0ifukef\/
xkd (jAm[P) wdkYonf tpmudk &aomf awmt&yf opf&Gufrdk;ausmif;wdkY wpfzef
psmef 0ifpm;ukef\? xkdoludk vlwdkYjrifvwfaomf odkY qdkukef\ ]]tcsif;wdkY ow0gwkdkYonf awmt&yf opf&Gufrdk;ausmif;wdkYudk jyK
opf&Gufrdk;ausmif; wdkY psmef0ifpm;ukef\? (csufjyKwf pm;jcif; r&SdaomaMumifh) rD;cJ
rD;cdk;rS uif;ukefonf jzpf? (axmif; csufjyKwfzG,f r&SdaomaMumifh) usnfayGUwdkYudk
csxm;ukefonf jzpf? nOfhtcg nOfhpm tvdkYiSg eHeuftcg eHeufpmtvdkYiSg &Gm ed*Hk;
rif;aejynfwdkYodkY tpm&Sm&ef 0ifukef\? xkdow0g wkdkYonf tpmudk &ukef wpfzefvQif
awmt&yf opf&Gufrdk;ausmif;wdkY psmef0ifpm;ukef\}}[k (qdkukef\)/ 0gao| odkY
psmef0ifpm;aomaMumifhomvQif ]]psm,u psm,u}} [laom 'kwd, a0g[m&
]ESpfqifhajrmufac:qdkjcif;} onf jzpf\/
0gao| xkd (ow0g) wdkYwGif tcsKdUaom ow0gwkdkYonf awmt&yf
opf&Gufrdk;ausmif;wdkY xkdpsmefudk r&Edkifukefonfjzpf &Gmed*Hk;teD;odkY 0ifum
a0'usrf;wdkYudk jyKpkydkYcsvsuf aeMuukef\/ xkdolwdkYudk vlwdkY jrifaomf odkY qdkukef\?
]]tcsif;wdkY ow0gwkdkYonf awmt&yf opf&Gufrdk; ausmif;wdkY xkdpsmefudk
r&Edkifukefonfjzpf &Gmed*Hk;teD;odkY 0ifum a0'usrf;wdkYudk jyKpkydkYcsvsuf aeMuukef \?
,cktcg olwdkYonf psmefr&Edkifukef}}[k (qdkukef\)/ 0gao| ,cktcg olwdkY
onf psmefr&EdkifaomaMumifh ]]tZ m,u tZ m,u}} [laom wwd,a0g[m&
]oHk;qifhajrmuf ac:qdkjcif;} onf jzpf\/
0gao| a&S;tcgu xkda0'usrf;rsm; ydkYcsjyKpkrIudk ,kwfonf[k orkwf\? ,cktcg
xkda0' usrf;rsm; jyKpkydkYcsrIudk jrwfonf[k orkwf\/ 0gao| odkYvQif xkdykPm;rsKd;\
a&S;usaom a&S;OD;pGm odtyfaom a0g[m&jzifh (jAm[P psm,u tZ m,u [laom)
trnfonf jzpfav\? xkdow0gwkdkY\omvQif (xkdtrnfonf) jzpf\? wpfyg;aom
ow0gwdkY\ (trnf) rjzpf? wlaom ow0gwdkY\omvQif (trnf) jzpf\? rwlaom
ow0gwdkY\ (trnf) rjzpf? w&m;ojzifhomvQif (trnf) jzpf\? rw&m;ojzifh (trnf)

rjzpf/ 0gao| rSef\? vltaygif; w&m;onfomvQif rsufarSmufb0vnf;aumif;

wrvGefb0vnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk;jzpf\/
------

tonf (ukefoG,fv,fvkyf) tpk

133/ 0gao| xkdow0gwkdkYwGif tcsKdUow0gwkdkYonf tdrfaxmifjyKukef toD;tjcm;
(ukef oG,fjcif; EGm;arG;jcif; v,fvkyfjcif;ponfh) tvkyfwdkYudk tm;xkwfukef\? 0gao|
tdrfaxmifjyKukef toD;tjcm; (ukefoG,fjcif; EGm;arG;jcif; v,fvkyfjcif;paom)
tvkyfwdkYudk tm;xkwfjcif;aMumifh ]]a0 a0}}[laom a0g[m& ]ac:a0:jcif;} onf
jzpf\/
0gao| odkYvQif tonfrsKd;\ a&S;usaom OD;pGmodtyfaom a0g[m&jzifh
]a0} [laom trnfonf jzpfav\? xkdow0gwkdkY\omvQif (xkdtrnfonf) jzpf\?
wpfyg;aomow0g wdkY\ (trnf) rjzpf? wlaomow0gwdkY\omvQif (trnf) jzpf\?
rwlaomow0gwdkY\ (trnf) rjzpf/ w&m;ojzifhomvQif (trnf) jzpf\? rw&m;ojzifh
(trnf) rjzpf/ 0gao| rSef\? vl taygif; w&m;onfomvQif
rsufarSmufb0vnf;aumif; wrvGefb0vnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk; jzpf\/
------

olqif;&Jtpk
134/ 0gao| xkdow0gwkdkYwGif tMuifow0gwkdkYonf <uif;usefukef\? xkd
(<uif;usefaom ow0g)wdkYonf Murf;aom tvkyfjzifh toufarG;rI&Sdukef \?
ao;Ekwfaom tvkyfjzifh toufarG; rI&Sdukef\/ 0gao| Murf;aomtvkyfjzifh
toufarG;rI ao;Ekwfaom tvkyfjzifh toufarG;rI&SdMuaomaMumifh ]]ok' ok'}}[laom
trnfonf jzpf\/
0gao| odkYvQif xkd olqif;&JrsKd;\ a&S;avmujzpfpOf trnfjzpfaomaMumifh
xkdow0gwkdkY\omvQif (xkdtrnfonf) jzpf\? wpfyg;aom ow0gwdkY\ (trnf)
rjzpf/ wlaom ow0gwdkY\omvQif (trnf) jzpf\? rwlaom ow0gwdkY\ (trnf)
rjzpf? w&m;ojzifhomvQif (trnf) jzpf\? rw&m;ojzifh (trnf) rjzpf/ 0gao| rSef\?
vltaygif;
w&m;onfomvQif
rsuf
arSmufb0vnf;aumif;
wrvGefb0vnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk;jzpf\/
135/ 0gao| tMuiftcg rif;rsKd;onfvnf; rdrdwdkY\ usifh0wfw&m;udk uJh&JUvsuf
]]igonf &[ef;jzpftHh}}[k vlUabmifrS &[ef;abmifodkY 0ifa&muf\/
0gao| ykPm;rsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| tonfrsKd;onfvnf;/y/

0gao| olqif;&JrsKd;onfvnf; rdrdwdkY\ usifh0wfw&m;udk uJh&JUvsuf ]]igonf

&[ef;jzpf tHh}}[k vlUabmifrS &[ef;abmifodkY 0ifa&muf\? xkdtcgonf &Sdonfomwnf;/
0gao| trsKd;av;yg;wdkYrS &[ef; rsKd;\ trnfonf jzpfaomaMumifh
xkdow0gwkdkY\ (trnfonf) omvQif jzpf\? wpfyg;aom ow0gwdkY\ (trnf) rjzpf?
wlaom ow0gwdkY\ (trnf) omvQif jzpf\? rwlaom ow0gwdkY\ (trnf) rjzpf/
w&m;ojzifhomvQif (trnf)jzpf\? rw&m;ojzifh (trnf) rjzpf/ 0gao| rSef\?
owavmu
w&m;onfomvQif
rsuf
arSmuf
b0vnf;aumif;
wrvGefb0vnf;aumif; tjrwfqHk;jzpf\/
------

'kpkdufponftaMumif;
136/ 0gao| rif;rsKd;onfvnf; udk,fjzifh jyKaom raumif;aom tusifh
]um,'kpkduf} udk usifh EIwfjzifh jyKaom raumif;aom tusifh ]0pD'kpkduf} udk usifh
pdwfjzifh jyKaom raumif;aom tusifh ]raem'kpkduf} udk usifh rSm;aom t,l0g'&Sd \?
rSm;aom t,l0g'jzifh jyKaomuH&Sd\? rSm;aomt,l0g'jzifh jyKaom uHaMumifh
cEmudk,fysufpD; aoNyD;onfrS aemuf csrf;om uif;aom raumif;aom vm;&m
ysufpD;vsuf usa&muf&m i&JodkY a&muf&\/
0gao| ykPm;rsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| tonfrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| olqif;&JrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| &[ef;rsKd;onfvnf; udk,fjzifh jyKaom raumif;aom tusifh ]um,'kpkduf}
udk usifh EIwfjzifh jyKaom raumif;aom tusifh ]0pD'kpkduf}udk usifh pdwfjzifh jyKaom
raumif;aom tusifh ]raem'kpkduf} udk usifh rSm;aom t,l0g'&Sd\? rSm;aom
t,l0g'jzifh jyKaom uH&Sd\? rSm;aom t,l0g'jzifh jyKaom uHaMumifh cEmudk,fysufpD;
aoNyD;onfrS aemuf csrf;omuif;aom raumif;aom vm;&m ysufpD;vsuf usa&muf&m
i&JodkY a&muf&\/
0gao| rif;rsKd;onfvnf; udk,fjzifh jyKaom aumif;aom tusifh ]um,okpkduf} udk
usifh EIwfjzifhjyKaom aumif;aom tusifh ]0pDokpkduf} udk usifh pdwfjzifh jyKaom
aumif;aom tusifh ]raemokpkduf}udk usifh rSefaom t,l0g'&Sd\? rSefaom
t,l0g'jzifh jyKaom uH&Sd\? rSefaom t,l0g'jzifh jyKaomuHaMumifh cEmudk,fysufpD;
aoNyD;onfrS aemuf aumif;aom vm;&m ewf jynfodkY a&muf&\/
0gao| ykPm;rsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| tonfrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| olqif;&JrsKd;onfvnf;/y/

0gao| &[ef;rsKd;onfvnf; udk,fjzifh jyKaom aumif;aom tusifh ]um,okpkduf}

udk usifh EIwfjzifh jyKaom aumif;aom tusifh ]0pDokpkduf} udk usifh pdwfjzifh jyKaom
aumif;aom tusifh ]raemokpkduf} udk usifh rSefaom t,l0g'&Sd\? rSefaom
t,l0g'jzifh jyKaom uH&Sd\? rSefaom t,l0g'jzifh jyKaomuHaMumifh cEmudk,fysufpD;
aoNyD;onfrS aemuf aumif;aom vm;&m ewfjynfodkY a&muf&\/
137/ 0gao| rif; rsKd;onfvnf; udk,fjzifh (okpkduf 'kpkduf) ESpfrsKd;pHkudk
usifhavh&Sd\? EIwfjzifh (okpkduf 'kpkduf) ESpfrsKd;pHkudk usifhavh&Sd\? pdwfjzifh (okpkduf
'kpkduf) ESpfrsKd;pHkudk usifh avh&Sd\? (ormt,l rdpmt,l) ESpfrsKd;pHka&maom t,l&Sd\?
(ormt,l rdpmt,l) ESpfrsKd;pHka&maom t,ljzifh aqmufwnftyfaom uH&Sd \?
(ormt,l rdpmt,l) ESpfrsKd;pHka&maom t,ljzifh aqmuf wnftyfaom uHaMumifh
cEmudk,fysufpD; aoNyD;onfrS aemuf csrf;omqif;&Judk cHpm; &\/
0gao| ykPm;rsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| tonfrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| olqif;&JrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| &[ef;rsKd;onfvnf; udk,fjzifh (okpkduf 'kpkduf) ESpfrsKd;pHkudk usifhavh&Sd \?
EIwfjzifh (okpkduf 'kpkduf) ESpfrsKd;pHkudk usifhavh&Sd\? pdwfjzifh (okpkduf 'kpkduf)
ESpfrsKd;pHkudk usifhavh&Sd\? (ormt,l rdpmt,l) ESpfrsKd;pHka&maom t,l&Sd\? (ormt,l
rdpmt,l) ESpfrsKd;pHka&maom t,l jzifh aqmufwnftyfaom uH&Sd\? (ormt,l
rdpmt,l) ESpfrsKd;pHka&maom t,ljzifh aqmuf wnftyfaom uHaMumifh cEmudk,fysufpD;
aoNyD;onfrS aemuf csrf;omqif;&Judk cHpm;&\/ aAm"dyud,w&m; yGg;rsm;jcif;
138/ 0gao| rif;rsKd;onfvnf; udk,fjzifh apmifhpnf;onfjzpf EIwfjzifh
apmifhpnf;onfjzpf pdwfjzifh apmifhpnf;onfjzpf ckepfyg;aom1 aAm"dyud,w&m;wdkYudk
yGg;rsm;tm;xkwf rsufarSmufb0yif udavoy&dedAmefjyK\/
0gao| ykPm;rsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| tonfrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao| olqif;&JrsKd;onfvnf;/y/
0gao|
&[ef;rsKd;onfvnf;
udk,fjzifh
apmifhpnf;onfjzpf
EIwfjzifh
apmifhpnf;onfjzpf pdwfjzifh apmifhpnf;onf jzpf ckepfyg;aom aAm"dyud,w&m;wdkYudk
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139/ 0gao| trsKd;av;yg;wdkYwGif tMuif&[ef;onf ylaZmftxl;udk cHxkduf \?
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