Chapter 14-16 (BLAKE)
Chapter 14-16 (BLAKE)
Chapter 14-16 (BLAKE)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. SWR stands for:
a. Shorted Wave Radiation
b. Sine Wave Response
ANS: D
2. TDR stands for:
a. Total Distance of Reflection
b. Time-Domain Reflectometer
c. Time-Domain Response
d. Transmission Delay Ratio
ANS: B
3. An example of an unbalanced line is:
a. a coaxial cable
b. 300-ohm twin-lead TV cable
c. an open-wire-line cable
d. all of the above
ANS: A
4. When analyzing a transmission line, its inductance and capacitance are considered to be:
a. lumped
c. equal reactances
b. distributed
d. ideal elements
ANS: B
5. As frequency increases, the resistance of a wire:
a. increases
c. stays the same
b. decreases
d. changes periodically
ANS: A
6. The effect of frequency on the resistance of a wire is called:
2
a. I R loss
c. the skin effect
b. the Ohmic effect
d. there is no such effect
ANS: C
7. As frequency increases, the loss in a cable's dielectric:
a. increases
c. stays the same
b. decreases
d. there is no loss in a dielectric
ANS: A
8. The characteristic impedance of a
cable depends on:
a. the resistance per foot of the
wire used
b. the resistance per foot and the
inductance per foot
d. 50 ohms
ANS: D
11. The velocity factor of a cable depends mostly on:
a. the wire resistance
c. the inductance per foot
b. the dielectric constant
d. all of the above
ANS: B
12. A positive voltage pulse sent down
a transmission line terminated in a
short-circuit:
a. would reflect as a positive
pulse
b. would reflect as a negative
pulse
c. would reflect as a positive
pulse followed by a negative
pulse
d. would not reflect at all
ANS: B
13. A positive voltage pulse sent down
a transmission line terminated with
its characteristic impedance:
a. would reflect as a positive
pulse
b. would reflect as a negative
pulse
c. would reflect as a positive
pulse followed by a negative
pulse
d. would not reflect at all
ANS: D
c. as large as possible
d. there is no optimum value
ANS: B
16. A non-optimum value for SWR will cause:
a. standing waves
b. loss of power to load
ANS: D
17. VSWR stands for:
a. variable SWR
b. vacuum SWR
c. voltage SWR
d. none of the above
ANS: C
18. The impedance "looking into" a c. is
the
characteristic
matched line:
impedance
a. is infinite
d. 50 ohms
b. is zero
ANS: C
19. A Smith Chart is used to
calculate:
a. transmission
line
impedances
b. propagation velocity
c.
optimum length of
transmission line
d. transmission line losses
ANS: A
20. Compared to a 300-ohm line, the loss of a 50-ohm cable carrying the same power:
a. would be less
c. would be the same
b. would be more
d. cannot be compared
ANS: B
21. A balanced load can be connected to an unbalanced cable:
a. directly
c. by using a "balun"
b. by using a filter
d. cannot be connected
ANS: C
22. On a Smith Chart, you "normalize" the impedance by:
a. assuming it to be zero
c. multiplying it by 2
b. dividing it by 2
d. dividing it by Z0
ANS: D
23. The radius of the circle you draw on a Smith Chart represents:
a. the voltage
c. the impedance
b. the current
d. none of the above
ANS: D
24. The center of the Smith Chart always represents:
a. zero
c. the characteristic impedance
b. one
d. none of the above
ANS: C
c. replace a slotted-line
d. all of the above
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. A
cable
that
lacks
symmetry
with
respect
to
ground
is
called
inductance
and
capacitance
of
cable
are
given
per
unit
ideal
value
for
SWR
is
normalize
an
impedance
____________________. ANS: Z0
on
Smith
Chart,
you
divide
it
by
3. If a coaxial cable uses plastic insulation with a dielectric constant r = 2.6 , what is the velocity factor
for the cable?
ANS:
0.62
4. If a cable has a velocity factor of 0.8, how long would it take a signal to travel 3000 kilometers along
the cable?
ANS:
12.5
ms
5. If a cable has a velocity factor of 0.8, what length of cable is required for a 90 phase shift at 100
MHz? ANS:
0.6 meters
6. A cable has a VSWR of 10. If the minimum voltage along the cable is 20 volts, what is the
maximum voltage along the cable?
ANS:
200 volts
7. A lossless line has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, but is terminated with a 75-ohm resistive
load. What SWR do you expect to measure?
ANS:
1.5
8. If a cable has an SWR of 1.5, what will be the absolute value of its voltage coefficient of reflection?
ANS:
0.2
9. A generator matched to a line with a voltage coefficient of reflection equal to 0.2 transmits 100 watts into
the line. How much power is actually absorbed by the load?
ANS:
96 watts
10. Using a Smith Chart to analyze a 50-ohm cable, what would be the normalized value of an
impedance equal to 200 + j50 ohms?
ANS:
4 + j1
2.
3.
4.
5.
c. gamma waves
d. all of the above
ANS: D
6.
7.
c. True Electromagnetic
d. none of the above
ANS: A
8.
ANS: B
6
d. 300 10 miles per second
c. a ground-wave antenna
d. none of the above
ANS: A
13. EIRP stands for:
a. the E and I fields of the Radiated Power
b. the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
c. the Effective Internal Reflected Power
d. the Electric-field Intensity of the Radiated
Power ANS: B
14. The "attenuation of free space" is due to:
a. losses in the characteristic impedance of free space
b. losses due to absorption in the upper atmosphere
c. the decrease in energy per square meter due to expansion of the wavefront
d. the decrease in energy per square meter due to absorption of the wavefront
ANS: C
15. Ground waves are most effective:
a. below about 2 MHz
b. above about 20 MHz
c. at microwave frequencies
d. when using horizontally polarized waves
ANS: A
16. Radio waves would most strongly reflect off:
a. a flat insulating surface of the right size
b. a flat dielectric surface of the right size
ANS: C
17. Radio waves sometimes "bend" around a corner because of: a. reflection c. refraction
b. diffusion
d. diffraction
ANS: D
18. Space waves are:
a. line-of-sight
b. reflected off the ionosphere
c. same as sky waves
d. radio waves used for satellite communications
ANS: A
19. Sky waves:
a. are line-of-sight
b. "bounce" off the ionosphere
c. are same as space waves
d. are radio waves used for satellite communications
ANS: B
20. Sky waves cannot be
"heard":
a. close
to
the
transmitter
b. far
from
the
transmitter
c. in the "silent"
zone
d. in the "skip"
zone
ANS: D
21. A 20-dB reduction in the strength of a radio wave due to reflection is called:
a. fading
c. frequency diversity
b. diffraction
d. spatial diversity
ANS: A
22. "Ghosts" on a TV screen are an example of:
a. fading
b. diffraction
c. multipath distortion
d. cancellation due to reflection
ANS: C
23. A "repeater" is used to:
a. send a message multiple times over a channel
b. send a message over multiple channels at the same time
c. extend the range of a radio communications system
d. cancel the effects of fading
ANS: C
24. Cellular phone systems rely on:
a. high power
b. repeaters
ANS: D
25. If the number of cell-phone users within a cell increases above some limit:
a. the cell area is increased
c. the power levels are increased
ANS: B
26. As a cell-phone user passes from one cell to another:
a. a "handoff" process occurs
c. both cells will handle the call
b. a "sectoring" process occurs
d. nothing occurs
ANS: A
27. To receive several data streams at once, a CDMA spread-spectrum system uses:
a. a "funnel" receiver
c. multiple receivers
b. a "rake" receiver
d. none of the above
ANS: B
28. The troposphere is the:
a. highest layer of the atmosphere
b. middle layer of the atmosphere
ANS: C
29. Meteor-trail propagation is:
a. used for radio telephony
b. used to send data by radio
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. Radio
waves
were
mathematically
predicted
by
waves
were
first
demonstrated
by
radiation
can
be
thought
of
as
stream
of
particles
called
ANS: medium
7. The dielectric strength of clean dry air is about ____________________ volts per
meter. ANS: 3 106
8. Waves from an ____________________ source radiate equally in all
directions. ANS: isotropic
9. The
wavefront
of
point
source
would
have
the
shape
of
18. ____________________ is the "bending" of radio waves as they travel across the boundary between
two different dielectrics.
ANS: Refraction
19. The process of ____________________ makes radio waves appear to "bend around a
corner". ANS: diffraction
20. ____________________ waves travel from transmitter to receiver in a "line-of-sight"
fashion. ANS: Space
21. ____________________ waves are vertically polarized radio waves that travel along the earth's
surface. ANS: Ground
22. ____________________ waves are radio waves that "bounce off" the ionosphere due to
refraction. ANS: Sky
23. The ____________________ zone is a region where sky waves cannot be
received. ANS: skip
24. "Ghosts" on a TV screen are an example of ____________________
distortion. ANS: multipath
25. The "fast fading" seen in mobile communications is caused by ____________________ waves interfering
with direct waves.
ANS: reflected
26. Cell phones typically operate at a ____________________ power
level. ANS: low
27. The ____________________ of frequencies allows many cell-phone users to share a geographical
area. ANS: reuse
28. ____________________ is when a cell-site uses three directional antennas, each covering a third of
the cell area, to reduce interference.
ANS: Sectoring
29. The use of ____________________ chips makes cell phones a practical
technology. ANS: microprocessor
SHORT ANSWER
1. A certain dielectric has permittivity of 6.3 1010 F/m and the same permeability as free space.
What is the characteristic impedance of that dielectric?
ANS:
45 ohms
2. If a point source of radio waves transmits 1 watt, what is the power density 10,000 meters from
the source?
ANS:
796 pW/m2
3. What power must a point-source of radio waves transmit so that the power density at 3000 meters
from the source is 1 W/m2?
ANS:
113 watts
4. If a radio receiver needs 1 nW/m 2 of power density to function, how far away from a 1-watt point
source will it continue to work?
ANS:
8.9 km
5. A line-of-sight radio link over flat terrain needs to use antenna towers 50 km apart. What, approximately,
is the minimum height for the towers assuming all the towers are the same?
ANS:
37 meters
6. A mobile radio is being used at 1 GHz in an urban environment with lots of reflecting structures. If
the car is traveling 36 km/hour, what is the expected time between fades?
ANS:
15 msec
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The real part of an antenna's input impedance is due to:
a. the radiated signal
c. the SWR
b. the reflected signal
d. all of the above
ANS: A
2. A half-wave dipole is sometimes called:
a. a Marconi antenna
b. a Hertz antenna
c. a Yagi antenna
d. none of the above
ANS: B
3. The end-to-end length of a half-wave dipole antenna is actually:
a. one wavelength
c. slightly longer than a half-wavelength
b. one half-wavelength
d. slightly shorter than a half-wavelength
ANS: D
4. The radiation of energy from an antenna can be seen in the:
a. standing wave pattern around the antenna c. radiation resistance of the antenna
b. SWR along the feed cable
2
d. I R loss of the antenna
ANS: C
5. Measured on the ground, the field strength of a horizontally polarized half-wave dipole antenna is
strongest:
a. in one direction
c. in all directions
b. in two directions
d. depends on the number of elements
ANS: B
6. The ability of an antenna to radiate more energy in one direction than in other directions is called:
a. directivity
c. active antenna
b. selectivity
d. resonance
ANS: A
7. The front-to-back ratio of a half-wave dipole antenna is:
a. 0 dB
c. 10 dB
b. 3 dB
d. infinite
ANS: A
8. An antenna's beamwidth is measured:
a. from +90 to 90
b. from front to back
ANS: C
9. ERP stands for:
a. Equivalent Radiation Pattern
b. Effective Radiation Pattern
ANS: D
10. "Ground Effects" refers to the effects on an antenna's radiation pattern caused by:
a. radio signals reflecting off the ground
b. buildings and other structures on the ground
c. fading
d. faulty connection of the feed cable ground
ANS: A
11. A 1-MHz monopole antenna must be:
a. mounted vertically
b. mounted horizontally
ANS: A
12. The typical antenna in an AM radio is a:
a. dipole
b. folded dipole
c. ferrite "loop-stick"
d. none of the above
ANS: C
13. The polarization of plane waves received from a satellite is changed by:
a. gamma rays
c. helical rotation
b. Faraday Rotation
d. the distance traveled
ANS: B
14. A nonresonant antenna:
a. will not transmit
b. will not receive
ANS: C
15. At resonance, the input impedance to a lossless antenna should be:
a. resistive
c. capacitive
b. inductive
d. infinite
ANS: A
16. An antenna can be matched to a feed line using:
a. a shorted stub
c. an LC network
b. a loading coil
d. all of the above
ANS: D
17. As the length of a "long-wire" antenna is increased:
a. the number of lobes increases
c. efficiency decreases
ANS: A
18. Arrays can be:
a. phased
b. driven
c. parasitic
d. all of the above
ANS: D
19. An array with one driven element, a reflector, and one or more directors is called a:
a. Marconi
c. Log-Periodic Dipole
b. Yagi
d. stacked array
ANS: B
20. LPDA stands for:
a. Low-Power Dipole Array
b. Low-Power Directed Array
ANS: C
21. The radiated beam from a parabolic "dish" transmitting antenna is:
a. collimated
c. dispersed
b. phased
d. none of the above
ANS: A
22. The energy picked up by a parabolic antenna is concentrated at the:
a. center
c. focus
b. edges
d. horn
ANS: C
23. Antennas are often tested in:
a. an echo chamber
b. an anechoic chamber
c. a vacuum chamber
d. an RF reflective chamber
ANS: B
24. Field strength at a distance from an antenna is measured with:
a. a slotted line
c. an EIRP meter
b. a dipole
d. a field-strength meter
ANS: D
COMPLETION
1. An
antenna
is
the
interface
between
the
transmission
line
and
ANS: dipole
3. The length of a half-wave dipole is about ____________________ % of a half-wave in free
space. ANS: 95
4. The ____________________ resistance is the portion of an antenna's input impedance due to
transmitted radio waves leaving the antenna.
ANS: radiation
5. Input impedance at the center feed point of a resonant half-wave dipole is about ____________________
ANS: 70
6. Input impedance at the center feed point of a resonant folded dipole is about ____________________
ANS: 280 300
7. The
vertical
angle
of
radiation
is
called
the
angle
of
is
the
power
input
to
the
antenna
multiplied
by
the
antenna's
number
of
driven
elements
in
Yagi
antenna
is
typically
ANS: log-periodic
26. If an LPDA had five elements, the number of driven elements it had would be
____________________. ANS: five
27. All the waves that hit the surface of a parabolic antenna merge at the
____________________. ANS: focus
28. A ____________________ beam has all its individual rays parallel to each
other. ANS: collimated
29. A microwave ____________________ antenna is essentially an extension of a
waveguide. ANS: horn
30. An ____________________ chamber is often used to test microwave
antennas. ANS: anechoic
SHORT ANSWER
1. Calculate the physical length of a half-wave dipole for use at 300 MHz.
ANS:
475 millimeters
2. How much power will a 95% efficient antenna radiate if driven with 100 watts?
ANS:
95 watts
3. If an antenna has 10.14 dB of gain compared to a point source, how much gain does it have compared to
a half-wave dipole?
ANS:
8 dB
4. What is the ERP of an antenna with 10 dBd of gain and driven by one watt?
ANS:
10 watts
5. A resonant antenna has an input impedance of 100 ohms and is driven by 100 watts. What is the
RMS current in the antenna?
ANS:
1 ampere
6. A resonant antenna has an input impedance of 100 ohms and is driven by 100 watts. What is the RMS
voltage at the feed-point of the antenna?
ANS:
100 volts