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t3 Simple SQL

The document provides an introduction to simple SQL queries using example relations for students, classes, enrollments, and faculty. It presents 8 example queries with explanations and sample answers to retrieve information like department IDs, student names with ages or enrolled classes, counts of enrollments or students, and averages. The last part discusses outer joins to retrieve all students along with any classes they are enrolled in.

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Krishna Girish
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64 views5 pages

t3 Simple SQL

The document provides an introduction to simple SQL queries using example relations for students, classes, enrollments, and faculty. It presents 8 example queries with explanations and sample answers to retrieve information like department IDs, student names with ages or enrolled classes, counts of enrollments or students, and averages. The last part discusses outer joins to retrieve all students along with any classes they are enrolled in.

Uploaded by

Krishna Girish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 3 Simple SQL

CSC343 - Introduction to Databases


Fall 2008
TA: Lei Jiang

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

Simple SQL

Question

Given the relation schemas, write the following queries in SQL.


Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)

Q1: Find the department id of the faculty member named I. Teach.


Q2: Find the names of all junior students (level=JR), and list in the order of age.
Q3: Find the number of classes that have an enrolment greater than 0.

Key points

Understand the semantics

Entities: Student, Class, Faculty; Relationships: Enrolment, Teaching (where is the schema for it?)
Meaning of attributes, keys, foreign keys,

Answer
Q1:
SELECT deptid
FROM Faculty
WHERE fname = I.Teach

Q2:
SELECT S.sname
FROM Student S
WHERE S.level = JR
ORDERED BY S.age

Q3:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT E.cname)
FROM Enrolled as E

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

Simple SQL: Join


Question
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)

Q4: Find names and majors of students who have enrolled in at least
one class.
Q5: Find the number of students who have enrolled in at least two
classes.

Answer
Q4:
SELECT S.sname, S.major
FROM Student S, Enrolled E
WHERE S.snum = E.snum

Q5:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT S.sname)
FROM Student S, Enrolled E1, Enrolled E2
WHERE E1.snum = E2.snum AND
E1.cnum <> E2.cnum AND
S.snum = E1.snum

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

Simple SQL: Join


Question

Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)

(E5.1.1) Q6: Find distinct names of all Juniors (level = JR) enrolled in a
class taught by I. Teach.

The way of thinking


Given: Student.level = JR and Faculty.fname = I.Teach (1)
Asked: distinct Student.sname values ... (2)
Connection: Student <~> Enrolled <~> Course <~> Faculty ..... (3)

Answer
Q6:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Class C, Enrolled E, Faculty F
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.cname = C.name AND C.fid = F.fid
AND F.fname = I.Teach AND S.level = JR
CSC343: Intro. to Databases

specify what is asked (2)


All relations involved (1, 2, 3)
Specify connections (3)
Specifying what is given (1)

Simple SQL: Join

Question

Given following database instance, answer Q6.


Student
Enrolled
snum cname

101

Helen CS

JR

101

CSC343

CSC343 W1

BA1180 201

102

Charles CS

SR 21

101

CSC443

CSC443 T2

BA1170 202

103

Andy

CS

GR 25

101

ECE300

ECE300 M1

BA1180 203

104

Bob

CS

SR 23

102

CSC343

ECE201 F12

BA1160 203

105

Zorba CS

GR 31

102

ECE300

CSC165 R3

BA1170 202

103

CSC343

Faculty

103

CSC443

fid

fname

103

ECE300

201

S. Jackson 301

103

ECE201

202

M. Shanks 301

105

CSC343

203

I. Teach

19

Q6:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Class C, Enrolled E, Faculty F
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.cname = C.name
AND C.fid = F.fid
AND F.fname = I.Teach AND S.level = JR

Class

snum sname major level age

name

meets_at room

fid

deptid

302

Answer
Student_Name
Helen

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

Simple SQL: Set Operation

Question

Given following database instance, answer Q7.


Student
Enrolled
snum cname

name

101

Helen CS

JR

101

CSC343

CSC343 W1

BA1080 201

102

Charles CS

SR 21

101

CSC443

CSC443 T2

BA1170 202

103

Andy

CS

GR 25

101

ECE300

ECE300 M1

BA1080 203

104

Bob

CS

SR 23

102

CSC343

ECE201 F12

BA1060 203

105

Zorba CS

GR 31

102

ECE201

CSC165 R3

BA1170 202

103

CSC343

Faculty

103

CSC443

fid

fname

103

ECE300

201

S. Jackson 301

103

ECE201

202

M. Shanks 301

105

CSC343

203

I. Teach

19

Q7:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Enrolled E
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.snum = CSC343
EXCEPT
SELECT DISTINCT S2.sname
FROM Student S2, Enrolled E2
WHERE S2.snum = E2.cnum AND E2.cnum = CSC443

Class

snum sname major level age

meets_at room

fid

deptid

302

Answer
Student_Name
Charles
Zorba

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

Simple SQL: Set Operation

Question

Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)

Q7: Find the names of all students who have enrolled in both CSC343 and CSC443.

Answer
Q7 Sol#1:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Enrolled E
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.cnum = CSC343
INTERSECT
SELECT DISTINCT S2.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S2, Enrolled E2
WHERE S2.snum = E2.snum AND E2.cnum = CSC443

Q7 Sol#2:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname
FROM Student S, Enrolled E1, Enrolled E2
WHERE S.snum = E1.snum AND
E1.snum = E2.snum AND
E1.cnum = CSC343 AND
E2.cnum = CSC443

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

Simple SQL: Aggregation

Question

(E5.1.8) Q8: For all levels except JR, print the level and the average age of students for
that level.

The way of thinking


snum
101
102
103
104
105

Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)

level
JR
SR
GR
SR
GR

age
19
21
25
23
31

Group by
level

level
JR
SR
GR

snum
101
102
104
103
105

age
19
21
23
25
31

Take average level


on age
JR
SR
GR

age
19
22
28

snum
?
?
?

Answer
Q8:
SELECT S.level, AVG(S.age)
FROM Student S
WHERE S.level <> JR
GROUP BY S.level

1.

2.

An attribute attr is allowed in the select clause if


(a) it appears in the group by clause or
(b) Its used with an aggregation function
One exception: if you group by the primary key of a
relation
(a) Every attribute of that relation can be used
(b) Why?

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

Simple SQL: Outer Join

Question

Q9: Find the names of all students and the names of all classes they are enrolled in (if
any)

Key points

Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)

Some students may have not been enrolled in any course


we cannot exclude them from the list
use left outer join the handle this situation.

Answer
Q9:
SELECT S.sname, E.cname
FROM Student S LEFT JOIN Enrolled E ON S.snum = E.snum

CSC343: Intro. to Databases

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