Tutorial 3 Simple SQL
CSC343 - Introduction to Databases
Fall 2008
TA: Lei Jiang
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
Simple SQL
Question
Given the relation schemas, write the following queries in SQL.
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)
Q1: Find the department id of the faculty member named I. Teach.
Q2: Find the names of all junior students (level=JR), and list in the order of age.
Q3: Find the number of classes that have an enrolment greater than 0.
Key points
Understand the semantics
Entities: Student, Class, Faculty; Relationships: Enrolment, Teaching (where is the schema for it?)
Meaning of attributes, keys, foreign keys,
Answer
Q1:
SELECT deptid
FROM Faculty
WHERE fname = I.Teach
Q2:
SELECT S.sname
FROM Student S
WHERE S.level = JR
ORDERED BY S.age
Q3:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT E.cname)
FROM Enrolled as E
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
Simple SQL: Join
Question
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)
Q4: Find names and majors of students who have enrolled in at least
one class.
Q5: Find the number of students who have enrolled in at least two
classes.
Answer
Q4:
SELECT S.sname, S.major
FROM Student S, Enrolled E
WHERE S.snum = E.snum
Q5:
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT S.sname)
FROM Student S, Enrolled E1, Enrolled E2
WHERE E1.snum = E2.snum AND
E1.cnum <> E2.cnum AND
S.snum = E1.snum
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
Simple SQL: Join
Question
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)
(E5.1.1) Q6: Find distinct names of all Juniors (level = JR) enrolled in a
class taught by I. Teach.
The way of thinking
Given: Student.level = JR and Faculty.fname = I.Teach (1)
Asked: distinct Student.sname values ... (2)
Connection: Student <~> Enrolled <~> Course <~> Faculty ..... (3)
Answer
Q6:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Class C, Enrolled E, Faculty F
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.cname = C.name AND C.fid = F.fid
AND F.fname = I.Teach AND S.level = JR
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
specify what is asked (2)
All relations involved (1, 2, 3)
Specify connections (3)
Specifying what is given (1)
Simple SQL: Join
Question
Given following database instance, answer Q6.
Student
Enrolled
snum cname
101
Helen CS
JR
101
CSC343
CSC343 W1
BA1180 201
102
Charles CS
SR 21
101
CSC443
CSC443 T2
BA1170 202
103
Andy
CS
GR 25
101
ECE300
ECE300 M1
BA1180 203
104
Bob
CS
SR 23
102
CSC343
ECE201 F12
BA1160 203
105
Zorba CS
GR 31
102
ECE300
CSC165 R3
BA1170 202
103
CSC343
Faculty
103
CSC443
fid
fname
103
ECE300
201
S. Jackson 301
103
ECE201
202
M. Shanks 301
105
CSC343
203
I. Teach
19
Q6:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Class C, Enrolled E, Faculty F
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.cname = C.name
AND C.fid = F.fid
AND F.fname = I.Teach AND S.level = JR
Class
snum sname major level age
name
meets_at room
fid
deptid
302
Answer
Student_Name
Helen
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
Simple SQL: Set Operation
Question
Given following database instance, answer Q7.
Student
Enrolled
snum cname
name
101
Helen CS
JR
101
CSC343
CSC343 W1
BA1080 201
102
Charles CS
SR 21
101
CSC443
CSC443 T2
BA1170 202
103
Andy
CS
GR 25
101
ECE300
ECE300 M1
BA1080 203
104
Bob
CS
SR 23
102
CSC343
ECE201 F12
BA1060 203
105
Zorba CS
GR 31
102
ECE201
CSC165 R3
BA1170 202
103
CSC343
Faculty
103
CSC443
fid
fname
103
ECE300
201
S. Jackson 301
103
ECE201
202
M. Shanks 301
105
CSC343
203
I. Teach
19
Q7:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Enrolled E
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.snum = CSC343
EXCEPT
SELECT DISTINCT S2.sname
FROM Student S2, Enrolled E2
WHERE S2.snum = E2.cnum AND E2.cnum = CSC443
Class
snum sname major level age
meets_at room
fid
deptid
302
Answer
Student_Name
Charles
Zorba
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
Simple SQL: Set Operation
Question
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)
Q7: Find the names of all students who have enrolled in both CSC343 and CSC443.
Answer
Q7 Sol#1:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S, Enrolled E
WHERE S.snum = E.snum AND E.cnum = CSC343
INTERSECT
SELECT DISTINCT S2.sname as Student_Name
FROM Student S2, Enrolled E2
WHERE S2.snum = E2.snum AND E2.cnum = CSC443
Q7 Sol#2:
SELECT DISTINCT S.sname
FROM Student S, Enrolled E1, Enrolled E2
WHERE S.snum = E1.snum AND
E1.snum = E2.snum AND
E1.cnum = CSC343 AND
E2.cnum = CSC443
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
Simple SQL: Aggregation
Question
(E5.1.8) Q8: For all levels except JR, print the level and the average age of students for
that level.
The way of thinking
snum
101
102
103
104
105
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)
level
JR
SR
GR
SR
GR
age
19
21
25
23
31
Group by
level
level
JR
SR
GR
snum
101
102
104
103
105
age
19
21
23
25
31
Take average level
on age
JR
SR
GR
age
19
22
28
snum
?
?
?
Answer
Q8:
SELECT S.level, AVG(S.age)
FROM Student S
WHERE S.level <> JR
GROUP BY S.level
1.
2.
An attribute attr is allowed in the select clause if
(a) it appears in the group by clause or
(b) Its used with an aggregation function
One exception: if you group by the primary key of a
relation
(a) Every attribute of that relation can be used
(b) Why?
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
Simple SQL: Outer Join
Question
Q9: Find the names of all students and the names of all classes they are enrolled in (if
any)
Key points
Student (snum: integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer)
Class (name: string, meets_at: string, room: string, fid: integer)
Enrolled (snum: integer, cname: string)
Faculty (fid: integer, fname: string, deptid: integer)
Some students may have not been enrolled in any course
we cannot exclude them from the list
use left outer join the handle this situation.
Answer
Q9:
SELECT S.sname, E.cname
FROM Student S LEFT JOIN Enrolled E ON S.snum = E.snum
CSC343: Intro. to Databases
