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CEEB221 Coagulation Test With Polymer

This laboratory report describes an experiment on coagulation testing with a polymer coagulant aid. A group of 5 civil engineering students from the Universiti Tenaga Nasional conducted jar testing using raw water and aluminum sulfate (alum) with and without a polymer. The objective was to determine the optimal alum dosage and compare floc formation with the polymer. Results showed the polymer improved turbidity removal between 19.66% to 72.22% compared to raw water. The discussion explains coagulation and flocculation remove suspended solids through chemical neutralization of particle charges and aggregation into settleable flocs. The conclusion is the experiment demonstrated the benefits of coagulant aids in wastewater treatment.

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Nur Fareha
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356 views8 pages

CEEB221 Coagulation Test With Polymer

This laboratory report describes an experiment on coagulation testing with a polymer coagulant aid. A group of 5 civil engineering students from the Universiti Tenaga Nasional conducted jar testing using raw water and aluminum sulfate (alum) with and without a polymer. The objective was to determine the optimal alum dosage and compare floc formation with the polymer. Results showed the polymer improved turbidity removal between 19.66% to 72.22% compared to raw water. The discussion explains coagulation and flocculation remove suspended solids through chemical neutralization of particle charges and aggregation into settleable flocs. The conclusion is the experiment demonstrated the benefits of coagulant aids in wastewater treatment.

Uploaded by

Nur Fareha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

CEEB 221 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL


ENGINEERING LABORATORY
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 3.9
Coagulation test with polymer
Group
Section

: 04
: 02

Group Members
1. Azyan Afiqah binti Mohd Salleh
2. Nur Fareha binti Abdul Ghafar
3. Nur Rahmaniyah binti Baharudin
4. Putri Nur Iman binti Khairuddin
5. Ainul Zakiyah binti Zulkifli

CE096503
CE096508
CE095254
CE096510
CE096500

Date of Laboratory Session : 13/07/2016


Due date of Report Submission : 20/07/2016

Lab Instructor: En. Nazirul Mubin bin Zahari

LABORATORY REPORT MARKING SCORE


NO.
1

CRITERIA
Apperance, formatting and
grammar / spelling

Introduction and Objective

Procedure

Results: Data, Figures, Graphs,


Table etc

Discussion

Conclusions

TOTAL MARKS

Table of content
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Content
Introduction
Objective
Apparatus
Procedure
Data
Calculation
Discussion
Conclusion, References and Appendices

Page
3
3

INTRODUCTION
Coagulation process neutralizes the charges carried by the particles. Upon
neutralization, a flocculation process will occur. In order to improve the flocculation process,
a polymer is added to glue them together. Polymers are either cationic or anionic long chain
molecules that exhibit vicious nature. The addition of polymer will eventually reduce the
addition of coagulants. Generally, polymer cost higher than coagulant, but addition of
polymer helps the settling rate of flocs.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the optimum alum dosage with polymer and to compare the floc
formation with polymer
APPARATUS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Jar tester
1-liter beaker
Colour comparator
Turbiditimeter
Measuring cylinder

MATERIAL
1. Raw water
2. Aluminium Sulfate
PROCEDURES
Raw water is collected from a river/lake and delivers to the lab. The volume required is
around 25 litres.
i)

1 litre of raw water was measured by using graduated cylinder and poured into

ii)

a 1-litre beaker. The procedure was repeated till we have six 1-litre raw waters.
The raw water was transferred into the jar tester and the stirrers was release

iii)

into the beakers.


The jar tester was set to have the following speed; 1 minute of rapid mixing at
80 rpm to mix coagulant. 1 minute of adding the polymer and followed by 1
minute of rapid mixing at 80 rpm. After that allows 20 minutes of slow mixing

iv)

at 20 rpm.
Pipette enough aluminium sulphate is 1 mg of Al3+ / 1 ml. Inject 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
ml of coagulant into the beaker simultaneously and the mixture was stirred for

v)

1 minute.
After that, 1 ml of polymer was added into each sample. And allow mixing for
1 minute at 80 rpm.
3

vi)

Once 1 minute had lapsed, stir the mixture for 20 minutes at 20 rpm. Observe

vii)

the flocs.
While waiting for the test to be completed, measure the raw water colour and

viii)

turbidity.
After 20 minutes had lapsed, remove the treated water from the jar tester and

ix)

let the water stand still for 1 hour.


After 1 hour, gently pour out part of the sample and measure its residual

x)

colour, turbidity and pH.


The size of the flocs was observed.

DATA AND RESULTS


DATA RECORDING
Alum
dosage
(ml)
Residual
Color
Residual
Turbidity
pH

Raw
water

10

62

91

77

41

43

46

2.340

1.880

0.921

0.690

0.670

0.650

8.04

7.46

7.09

6.80

6.45

0.67

GRAPHS

ALUM

Raw

DOSAGE (ml)

water

PERCENTAGE

10

0.00

-46.77

-24.19

33.87

30.65

25.80

0.00

19.66

60.64

70.51

71.37

72.22

REMOVAL OF
COLOUR (%)
PERCENTAGE
REMOVAL OF
TURBIDITY
(%)
Sample of calculation
Percentage removal of colour (%): ((62-91) / 62 ) * 100 = -46.77
Percentage removal of turbidity (%): ((2.34-1.88) / 2.34) * 100 = 19.66
DISCUSSION
The percentage removal based on raw water turbidity.The processes of coagulation and
flocculation are employed to separate suspended solids from water in wastewater
treatment.
Usually, coagulation and flocculation are often used interchangeably or sometimes, the
single term of flocculation may be used to describe both, viz, they are actually two
distinct processes.
Finely dispersed solids (colloids) suspended in wastewaters are stabilized by negative
electric charges on their surfaces, causing them to repel each other.
Since this prevents these charged particles from colliding to form larger masses, called
flocs, they do not settle.
To assist in the removal of colloidal particles from suspension, chemical coagulation and
flocculation are required.
These processes, usually done in sequence, are a combination of physical and chemical
procedures.
Chemicals are mixed with wastewater to promote the aggregation of the suspended solids
into particles large enough to settle or be removed. That is why coagulation is needed.
6

During this experiment, timing is crucial. This is because if we did not get the timing well,
the result will be affected. For example, while pouring the alum dosage, we must pour it at
the same time into each sample beaker.
CONCLUSION
This experiment has taught us firsthand on the usage of coagulants and coagulant aids
which is the polymer we used in the experiment. We also saw the difference when the sample
was added with and without the coagulant aid. Learning that coagulants really sticks the
suspended solid together to form flocs and that through this, the suspended solids would
therefore be easier to remove from the water.
APPENDIX

Figure 1 : By using a pipette , penetrate 1 cm below the surface to extract the sample after
the mixing process .

Figure 2 : The samples are mixing with a jar tester.

REFERENCES
1) CEEB221 : Introduction to Environmental Engineering Laboratory
Lab Manual;
EXP 3.9
2) CEEB223 : Introduction to Environmental Engineering Lecture
Notes

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