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2005S Reliability & SF

The document discusses safety factors and reliability in engineering design. It introduces different safety factors used for yielding, fatigue, and fracture based on uncertainties in load, material strength, and stress analysis. Higher safety factors of 3-4 are used for less reliable brittle materials or highly uncertain loads while factors of 1.25-2 are used for well-known extrememly reliable cases. The document also discusses reliability models using the normal distribution and interference theory to calculate failure probabilities based on the mean and standard deviation of load and strength values. An example is given to calculate a required wrench torque setting to limit failure probability to less than 0.2% using interference theory concepts.

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hoojzte
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43 views6 pages

2005S Reliability & SF

The document discusses safety factors and reliability in engineering design. It introduces different safety factors used for yielding, fatigue, and fracture based on uncertainties in load, material strength, and stress analysis. Higher safety factors of 3-4 are used for less reliable brittle materials or highly uncertain loads while factors of 1.25-2 are used for well-known extrememly reliable cases. The document also discusses reliability models using the normal distribution and interference theory to calculate failure probabilities based on the mean and standard deviation of load and strength values. An example is given to calculate a required wrench torque setting to limit failure probability to less than 0.2% using interference theory concepts.

Uploaded by

hoojzte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Safety Factor

For Example:

Factors

Yielding

=>

Yield Strength

Fatigue

=>

Fatigue Strength

Fracture

=>

Ultimate Strength

Uncertainty about Load


(well determined or not)
Uncertainty Material Strength
extensive test data as fabricated or
only single value for standard condition
Uncertainty Stress Analysis
Suitability, Assumptions, Accuracy
Consequences of failure
human safety and economics
ductile yielding or brittle fracture
Cost for larger safety factor
compromise on reliability

SF

Material

Load/Stress

1.251.5

extreme reliable

controllable/known

1.52

well-known

const./determined

22.5

average

determined

2.53
34

less-tried
brittle

average

untried
known

uncertain

Balance safety factors for consistency

weight saving

Safety Factor

SF =

preferred:

Design Overload Concept

SF =

significant strength
(6.9)
significant stress
design overload
normal load

slender
column

(6.10)

Frequency

Properties of Gaussian Distribution

68 %

95 %

Juvinall
Fig 6.20

% Failure

% Reliability

99.9 %

k, Number of standard Deviations

Reliability
mostly: wear and fatigue
Mathematical model: Normal or Gaussian Distribution

Frequency p( x ) =

1
(x )
exp
2
2
2

Frequency

1 n
(xi )2
Standard Deviation =

n 1 i=1

1 n
Mean value = x i
n i=1

Reliability
Interference Theory

p(y)

p(x)

Standard Deviation

z = 2x + 2y

Safety Margin z = x - y

Mean z = x y

p(z)

Standard Deviation z =
Probability of Failure
where p(z<0)

2x + 2y

Frequency p ( zx ) =

1
exp
2 z

(x z)
2 2

Reliability

Example: Interference Theory

Given: Allowed Failure 1/500 =0.2%

Frequency

z = x y

Wrench torque setting?

Standard Deviation z =

2x + 2y =

Fig 6.20: allowed failure 0.2%

(1Nm)2 + (1.5Nm)2

k=2.9

Mean value of margin: k z = 2.9 1.8Nm = 5.22Nm

z = x y

= 1.8Nm

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