Definition of Translation

DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION
1965- John. Cunnison Catfords Definition

Catford attempts to describe translation in terms of a specific linguistic theory. In
his opinion, the theory of translation is concerned with a relation between
languages; therefore it is unseasonable to study translation without considering its
relationship with linguistics. And he believes that translation should be guided by
linguistics. These ideas are best expressed in his work A Linguistic Theory of
Translation. In the beginning of the book, he proposes: Translation is an operation
performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text
in another. Clearly, then, any theory of translation must draw upon a theory of
language a general linguistic theory. (Catford, 1965, p.1) Here, the general
linguistic theory mainly indicates M.A.K. Hallidays systemic functional linguistics
1988- Peter Newmarks Definition
What is translation? According to him, often, though not by any means always, it is
rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author
intended the text
. In his opinion, translating a text should begin with a detailed analysis of a text,
such as the intention of the text and of the translator, its readership, attitude, to
name just a few. In addition, Newmark also considers translation as a craft
consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one
language by the same message and/or statement in another language (Newmark,
1982, p7)
2007- Ordudari
Translation typically has been used to transfer written or spoken SL texts to
equivalent written or spoken TL texts. In general, the purpose of translation is to
reproduce various kinds of textsincluding religious, literary, scientific, and
philosophical textsin another language and thus making them available to wider
readers (Ordudari, 2007:1).
Translation involves a risk of spilling-over of idioms and usages from the source
language into the target language, if it is practiced by relatively bilingual but limited
proficient person. On the other hand, inter-linguistic spillages have also served the
useful purpose of importing calques and loanwords from a source language into a
target language that had previously lacked a concept or a convenient expression
for the concept. Translators and interpreters, professional as well as amateur, have
thus played an important role in the evolution of languages and cultures.
Female- Sherry Simons and Emily Apters Definitions
She puts forward translation has strong social role. Translation plays great role in
communication and manipulates cultural exchange. In her view, some translations
are man oeuvres that represent shifts in cultural history or which consciously
exploit the limit, raising the temperature of cultural exchange (Simon, 2006, p.16).
In other words, translation influences the limits of cultural exchange. Whether
communications attenuate or persist culture difference is determined by translation.
Complying the developing trend of translation studies in the Americas, she then
offers a new definition: I give translation an expanded definition in this book:
writing that is inspired by the encounter with other tongues, including the effects of
creative interference. (p.17)
Male- Walter Benjamins Definitions
Benjamins essay the task of translator is not only a masterpiece for literary
translation studies, but also one of the representatives of post-modernism theories.
It is in this essay that he demonstrates his main ideas on translation: translation is
a part of afterlife; it gives new life to the original. Owing to translation, the foreign
texts can survive. Besides, he suggests that it is unnecessary to consider the
reactions of the receivers. Just as he says in the essay: no poem is intended for
the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for the listener.(Benjamin,
1999, p.279; Tr. Chen) Besides, he proposes the transparency of translation and
appeals for literal translation: A real translation is transparent; it does not cover the
original, does not block its light, but allows the pure language, as though reinforced
by its own medium, to shine upon the original all the more fully. This may be
achieved, above all, by a literal rendering of the syntax which proves words rather
than sentences to be the primary element of the translator. For if the sentence is
the wall before the language of the original, literalness is the arcade. (Net.1.)
Cinthya Paola Lpez Garca

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DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION

1965- John. Cunnison Catfords Definition

Cinthya Paola Lpez Garca

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