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Crystallographic Directions and Planes

This document discusses crystallographic directions and planes. It defines direction and plane indices using intercepts with unit cell axes. Miller indices are introduced for planes. Common crystal structures like BCC and FCC are discussed with examples of direction and plane notation. Atomic arrangements on different crystal planes are shown. Linear and planar atomic densities are defined. Close-packed structures for HCP are described.

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97 views15 pages

Crystallographic Directions and Planes

This document discusses crystallographic directions and planes. It defines direction and plane indices using intercepts with unit cell axes. Miller indices are introduced for planes. Common crystal structures like BCC and FCC are discussed with examples of direction and plane notation. Atomic arrangements on different crystal planes are shown. Linear and planar atomic densities are defined. Close-packed structures for HCP are described.

Uploaded by

Werner
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Crystallographic directions and planes

Outline
Crystallographic directions
Crystallographic planes
Linear and planar atomic densities
Close-packed crystal structures

Chapter 3 -

Point Coordinates
z

Point coordinates for unit cell


center are

111

a/2, b/2, c/2


000

Point coordinates for unit cell


corner are 111

x
z

2c

Translation: integer multiple of


lattice constants identical
position in another unit cell

b
Chapter 3 - 2

Crystallographic Directions
Algorithm

1. Vector repositioned (if necessary) to pass


through origin.
2. Read off projections in terms of
unit cell dimensions a, b, and c
3. Adjust to smallest integer values
4. Enclose in square brackets, no commas

[uvw]

ex: 1, 0, => 2, 0, 1 => [ 201 ]


-1, 1, 1 => [ 111 ]

where overbar represents a


negative index

families of directions <uvw>


Chapter 3 - 3

Examples
Sketch the following directions : [110], [-1-21], [-1 0 2]

Chapter 3 -

HCP Crystallographic Directions


z

Algorithm

a2

a3
a1

1. Vector repositioned (if necessary) to pass


through origin.
2. Read off projections in terms of unit
cell dimensions a1, a2, a3, or c
3. Adjust to smallest integer values
4. Enclose in square brackets, no commas
[uvtw]
a
2

ex:

, , -1, 0

-a3

a2
2

Adapted from Fig. 3.8(a), Callister 7e.

=>

[ 1120 ]

a3

dashed red lines indicate


projections onto a1 and a2 axes

a1
2

a1
Chapter 3 - 5

HCP Crystallographic Directions


Hexagonal Crystals
4 parameter Miller-Bravais lattice coordinates are
related to the direction indices (i.e., u'v'w') as
follows.
z

[ u 'v 'w ' ] [ uvtw ]


1
(2 u ' - v ')
3
1
=
v
(2 v ' - u ')
3
t = - (u +v )

u=
a2

a3
a1
Fig. 3.8(a), Callister 7e.

w = w'
Chapter 3 - 6

Crystallographic Planes
Miller Indices: Reciprocals of the (three) axial
intercepts for a plane, cleared of fractions &
common multiples. All parallel planes have
same Miller indices.
Algorithm

1. Read off intercepts of plane with axes in


terms of a, b, c
2. Take reciprocals of intercepts
3. Reduce to smallest integer values
4. Enclose in parentheses, no
commas i.e., (hkl)

Chapter 3 - 7

Crystallographic Planes
z
c

a
x

z
c

x
Chapter 3 - 8

Crystallographic Planes
z
c

Chapter 3 - 9

Crystallographic planes (continued)


Construct planes by Miller indices of planes (0 -1 -1) and (1 1 -2)

Chapter 3 -

Atomic arrangements
The atomic arrangement for a crystallographic plane depends
on the crystal structure
FCC: (a) reduced sphere
(b) atomic packing of
an FCC (110) plane

BCC: (a) reduced sphere


(b) atomic packing of
an BCC (110) plane

Chapter 3 -

Atomic arrangements
A family of planes contains all the planes that are
crystallographically equivalent.
In cubic system, planes with same indices, irrespective
of order and sign, are equivalent
(111), (111), (111) belong to {111} family
(100), (100), (010), and (001) belong to {100} family
(123), (123), (312) in cubic crystals belong to {123} family

In tetragonal, (001) (001) are not as same family as (100),


(100)

Chapter 3 -

Linear and planar atomic density


Linear Density of Atoms LD =

Number of atoms
Unit length of direction vector

Atomic planar density: number of atoms centered on a


plane/area of plane
#atoms

Planar Density =

Area(2D repeat unit)


Chapter 3 -

Planar Density of (100) Iron


Solution: At T < 912C iron has the BCC structure.
2D repeat unit

(100)

Adapted from Fig. 3.2(c), Callister 7e.

Chapter 3 - 14

Close-packed crystal structures

Close-packed plane stacking


sequence for HCP

Close-packed plane stacking


sequence for HCP

Chapter 3 -

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