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FiberDistributedDataInterfaceWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

FiberDistributedDataInterface
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

FiberDistributedDataInterface(FDDI)isastandardfordata
transmissioninalocalareanetwork.Itusesopticalfiberasitsstandard
underlyingphysicalmedium,althoughitwasalsolaterspecifiedtouse
coppercable,inwhichcaseitmaybecalledCDDI(CopperDistributed
DataInterface),standardizedasTPPMD(TwistedPairPhysicalMedium
Dependent),alsoreferredtoasTPDDI(TwistedPairDistributedData
Interface).

Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Description
Topology
Frameformat
Deployment
Standards
Notes
References

DualattachFDDIboard

Description
FDDIprovidesa100Mbit/sopticalstandardfordatatransmissioninlocalareanetworkthatcanextendinrange
upto200kilometers(120mi).AlthoughFDDIlogicaltopologyisaringbasedtokennetwork,itdidnotusethe
IEEE802.5tokenringprotocolasitsbasisinstead,itsprotocolwasderivedfromtheIEEE802.4tokenbustimed
tokenprotocol.Inadditiontocoveringlargegeographicalareas,FDDIlocalareanetworkscansupportthousands
ofusers.FDDIoffersbothaDualAttachedStation(DAS),counterrotatingtokenringtopologyandaSingle
AttachedStation(SAS),tokenbuspassingringtopology.[1]
FDDI,asaproductofAmericanNationalStandardsInstituteX3T9.5(nowX3T12),conformstotheOpenSystems
Interconnection(OSI)modeloffunctionallayeringusingotherprotocols.Thestandardsprocessstartedinthemid
1980s.[2]FDDIII,aversionofFDDIdescribedin1989,addedcircuitswitchedservicecapabilitytothenetwork
sothatitcouldalsohandlevoiceandvideosignals.[3]WorkstartedtoconnectFDDInetworkstosynchronous
opticalnetworking(SONET)technology.
AFDDInetworkcontainstworings,oneasasecondarybackupincasetheprimaryringfails.Theprimaryring
offersupto100Mbit/scapacity.Whenanetworkhasnorequirementforthesecondaryringtodobackup,itcan
alsocarrydata,extendingcapacityto200Mbit/s.Thesingleringcanextendthemaximumdistanceadualring
canextend100km(62mi).FDDIhadalargermaximumframesize(4,352bytes)thanthestandardEthernet
family,whichonlysupportsamaximumframesizeof1,500bytes,[a]allowingbettereffectivedataratesinsome
cases.

Topology
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DesignersnormallyconstructedFDDIringsinanetworktopologysuchasa"dualringoftrees".Asmallnumber
ofdevices,typicallyinfrastructuredevicessuchasroutersandconcentratorsratherthanhostcomputers,were
"dualattached"tobothrings.Hostcomputersthenconnectassingleattacheddevicestotheroutersor
concentrators.Thedualringinitsmostdegenerateformsimplycollapsesintoasingledevice.Typically,a
computerroomcontainedthewholedualring,althoughsomeimplementationsdeployedFDDIasametropolitan
areanetwork.[4]
FDDIrequiresthisnetworktopologybecausethedualringactuallypassesthrougheachconnecteddeviceand
requireseachsuchdevicetoremaincontinuouslyoperational.Thestandardactuallyallowsforopticalbypasses,
butnetworkengineersconsidertheseunreliableanderrorprone.Devicessuchasworkstationsandminicomputers
thatmightnotcomeunderthecontrolofthenetworkmanagersarenotsuitableforconnectiontothedualring.
Asanalternativetousingadualattachedconnection,aworkstationcanobtainthesamedegreeofresilience
throughadualhomedconnectionmadesimultaneouslytotwoseparatedevicesinthesameFDDIring.Oneofthe
connectionsbecomesactivewhiletheotheroneisautomaticallyblocked.Ifthefirstconnectionfails,thebackup
linktakesoverwithnoperceptibledelay.

Frameformat
TheFDDIdataframeformatis:
PA

SD

FC

DA

SA

PDU

FCS ED/FS

16bits 8bits 8bits 48bits 48bits upto4478x8bits 32bits 16bits

WherePAisthepreamble,SDisastartdelimiter,FCisframecontrol,DAisthedestinationaddress,SAisthe
sourceaddress,PDUistheprotocoldataunit(orpacketdataunit),FCSistheframecheckSequence(or
checksum),andED/FSaretheenddelimiterandframestatus.TheInternetEngineeringTaskForcedefineda
standardfortransmissionoftheInternetProtocol(whichwouldbetheprotocoldataunitinthiscase)overFDDI.It
wasfirstproposedinJune1989[5]andrevisedin1990.[6]Someaspectsoftheprotocolwerecompatiblewiththe
IEEE802.2standardforlogicallinkcontrol.Forexample,the48bitMACaddressesthatbecamepopularwiththe
Ethernetfamily.ThusotherprotocolssuchastheAddressResolutionProtocol(ARP)couldbecommonaswell.[6]

Deployment
FDDIwasconsideredanattractivecampusbackbonenetworktechnologyintheearlytomid1990ssinceexisting
Ethernetnetworksonlyoffered10Mbit/sdataratesandtokenringnetworksonlyoffered4Mbit/sor16Mbit/s
rates.Thusitwasarelativelyhighspeedchoiceofthatera.By1994,vendorsincludedCiscoSystems,National
Semiconductor,NetworkPeripherals,SysKonnect(acquiredbyMarvellTechnologyGroup),and3Com.[7]
FDDIwaseffectivelymadeobsoleteinlocalnetworksbyFastEthernetwhichofferedthesame100Mbit/sspeeds,
butatamuchlowercostand,since1998,byGigabitEthernetduetoitsspeed,andevenlowercost,andubiquity.[8]

Standards
FDDIstandardsincluded:[9]
ANSIX3.1391987,MediaAccessControl(MAC)alsoISO93142
ANSIX3.1481988,PhysicalLayerProtocol(PHY)alsoISO93141
ANSIX3.1661989,PhysicalMediumDependent(PMD)alsoISO93143
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ANSIX3.1841993,SingleModeFiberPhysicalMediumDependent(SMFPMD)alsoISO93144
ANSIX3.2291994,StationManagement(SMT)alsoISO93146

Notes
a.JumboframescanbeusedtoextendEthernet'smaximumframesizeto9,000bytes

References
1.BernhardAlbertandAnuraP.Jayasumana(1994).FDDIandFDDIII:architecture,protocols,andperformance.Artech
House.ISBN9780890066331.
2.FloydRoss(May1986)."FDDIAtutorial".CommunicationsMagazine.IEEECommunicationsSociety.24(5):10
17.doi:10.1109/MCOM.1986.1093085.
3.MichaelTeenerandR.Gvozdanovic(October10,1989)."FDDIIIoperationandarchitectures".Proceedingsofthe14th
ConferenceonLocalComputerNetworks.IEEE:4961.doi:10.1109/LCN.1989.65243.ISBN0818619686.
4.T.Boston(June29,1988)."FDDIII:AHighSpeedIntegratedServiceLAN".SixthEuropeanFibreOptic
CommunicationsandLocalAreaNetworksExposition.InformationGatekeepers:123126.ISBN9781568510552.
ReprintedinFiberOpticMetropolitanAreaNetworks(MANs)19841991
5.DaveKatz(June1989)."AProposedStandardfortheTransmissionofIPDatagramsoverFDDINetworks".RFC1103.
IETF.RetrievedAugust15,2013.
6.DaveKatz(June1989)."AProposedStandardfortheTransmissionofIPDatagramsoverFDDINetworks".RFC1183.
IETF.RetrievedAugust15,2013.
7.MarkMiller(March21,1994)."WadingThroughPlethoraofOptionsPosesChallengeforLifeontheFastLAN".
NetworkWorld.pp.41,44,4649.RetrievedAugust15,2013.
8.A.Selvarajan,SubratKar,T.Srinivas(2003).OpticalFiberCommunication:PrinciplesandSystems.TataMcGrawHill
Education.pp.241249.ISBN9781259082207.
9."fiberdistributeddatainterface(FDDI)".Telecommunications:GlossaryofTelecommunicationTerms,FederalStandard
1037C.NationalCommunicationsSystemoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.August7,1996.RetrievedAugust15,2013.

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