Lecture 3
Uploaded by
Ali AimranLecture 3
Uploaded by
Ali AimranGrey Water Recycling and Rainwater
Harvesting
Rafay Hasan
January 2016
Recommended reading
CIBSE Knowledge Series KS01 Reclaimed Water
CIBSE Guide G: Public Health
BSRIA TN7/2001, Water Reclamation Guidance
Environment Agency 2010, Energy and Carbon
Implications of Rainwater Harvesting and Grey Water
BS 8515: 2009, Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting
Water from rainwater gutters and permeable paving
Collected and Filtered
Uses:
to flush WCs and urinals
gardening use
car washing
laundry
Grey Water Recycling
Water from showers, bath and perhaps WHBs
Collected, filtered and disinfected
Used to flush WCs and urinals
Extracted from
CIBSE KS01
Showers,
baths,
basins
Rainwater
Grey Water
Gardens
8%
Laundry
10%
Other
6%
WC
26%
existing households
Dishwashing
7%
Average Consumption
(UK 2012)
150L/person/day
Bath/Shower/WHB
43%
Other
10%
WC
15%
Gardens
9%
Laundry
10%
new homes
Dishwashing
3%
Average Consumption
(UK target 2013)
100L/person/day
Bath/Shower/WHB
53%
Kitchens
9%
WC/Urinals
31%
Shower/Bath
33%
Existing Hotels
Average Consumption
(UK 2005)
70 (2 star) to 340 (5 star)
L/bed space/day
WHBs
27%
Shower/Bath
2%
Kitchens
12%
WHBs
8%
Existing School Buildings
Target Consumption (UK
2006) 4m3/pupil/year
(about 20L/pupil/day
for 200 days/year)
WC/Urinals
78%
Note 1mm is equivalent to
1Litre per square metre of
horizontal collection area
Rainfall and water consumption
1. Typical primary school 120 pupils, gross floor area of
building (single storey) = 1000m2
So about 8m2 of roof per pupil
Annual rainfall 650mm (650L/m2 collection area)
If capture 80% of rainfall = 0.8x8x650L per pupil per year =
4.2 m3/pupil/year rainwater available
Annual demand for WC/Urinal flushing = 3m3/pupil/year
Rainfall and water consumption
2. Travel lodge hotel 200 bed spaces, gross floor area of
building (3 storey) = 2400m2
Roof area for collection = 800m2
Annual rainfall 650mm (650L/m2 collection area)
If capture 80% of rainfall = 0.8*800*650L per year
= 416 m3/year rainwater available
Demand for WC/Urinal flushing = 22L/bed space/day
Annual demand = 22*365*200/1000 = 1600m3/year
Discuss which of these two projects would be
most feasible for rainwater harvesting
More on rainfall
mm monthly rainfall Newbury 2012
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jan
One year data
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
2012 was one of wettest years on record about 980mm
but started with a drought!
Dec
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
mean daily
mm rainfall per day
25
Daily Rainfall Newbury JULY 2012
20
15
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
mean daily
mm rainfall per day
25
Daily Rainfall Newbury March 2012
20
15
10
Grey water
Sizing of storage tank(s)
water does not keep for more than a couple of days. But
production of grey water usually parallels demand for
flushing so can size tank for, say, one day of consumption.
Rainwater
Water keeps for up to 20 days. Rainfall highly erratic so can
size tank to hold up to 20 days of average rainfall. However,
if demand exceeds capture volume then a much smaller
tank will suffice.
Need to model the system to determine optimum size of
tank!
performance of rainwater harvesting system
based on 5m3/day demand and collection efficiency of 75% for South East England
90
3000
80
annual water savings (%)
70
60
2000
50
rainwater
collection area
(m2)
40
1000
30
20
10
0
20
40
60
capacity of storage tank (m3)
80
100
Capital cost
Installation
costs
Pumping costs
/m3
Maintenance
costs /year
costs
economics
Varies depending on
size. Grey water will
require separate
discharge stack.
Varies depending on
size
Depends on lift
required - about
0.3p/m3 per metre lift
usually not significant
Water supply
charges /m3
savings
Sewerage charges
/m3
Typically 1.2/m3
Typically 0.65/m3
General maintenance
plus any disinfectants
Currently, savings not usually sufficient to offset capital costs over life of system.
If not cost effective why are these systems
becoming increasingly popular?
Discuss.
