Scribd
Upload
196 views9 pages

Angles Made by A Transverse Line:: Congruent and Similar Triangle

The document discusses properties of angles formed when parallel lines are intersected by a transverse line. It also discusses conditions for congruent and similar triangles, including side-angle-side (SAS), angle-side-angle (ASA), etc. It defines congruent triangles as having equal sides and equal angles. Similar triangles are defined as having corresponding angles that are congruent and corresponding sides that are proportional. Properties of similar triangles include proportional sides, heights, areas, and more.

Uploaded by

RitsikaGurram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
196 views9 pages

Angles Made by A Transverse Line:: Congruent and Similar Triangle

The document discusses properties of angles formed when parallel lines are intersected by a transverse line. It also discusses conditions for congruent and similar triangles, including side-angle-side (SAS), angle-side-angle (ASA), etc. It defines congruent triangles as having equal sides and equal angles. Similar triangles are defined as having corresponding angles that are congruent and corresponding sides that are proportional. Properties of similar triangles include proportional sides, heights, areas, and more.

Uploaded by

RitsikaGurram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Angles made by a transverse line:

If two parallel lines are intersected by a transverse line then:

Each pair of corresponding angles are equal i.e.( 1= 5, 2= 6, 4= 7 and


3= 8)

Each pair of alternate interior angles are equal i.e.( 3= 5 and 4= 6)

Interior angles on the same side of the transverse are supplementary.

Exterior angels on the same side of the transverse are supplementary.

Congruent and Similar triangle:


Congruent triangle:
AB=PQ, AC=PR & BC=QR
A=P, B=Q & C=R
Condition of Congruent Triangle:

S-S-S( Side- Side-Side)

If AB=PQ, AC=PR & BC=QR then triangle ABC and triangle PQR are congruent to each other.

S-A-S(Side-Angle-Side)
If two sides and the angle between the two sides are equal then both the triangle are congruent to
each other.
if in the above figure AB=PQ , BC= QR and the angle ABC = angle PQR

A-S-A(Angle-Side-Angle)

If B=Q, C=R and the sides BC=QR then above two triangle are congruent.

A-A-S(Angle-Angle-Side)

if B=Q, C=R and AC=PR then the above two triangle are congruent to each other.

R-H-S(Right-Hypotenuse-Side)

if B=Q, BC=QR and AC=PR then the above triangle are congruent to each other.

Similarity of Two triangle:

Two triangle are similar are said to be similar if the corresponding angles are congruent and the
corresponding sides are in proportions.
Condition for similarity of Triangles:

A-A( Angle-Angle)

S-A-S(Side-Angle -Side)

S-S-S(side-Side-Side)

Congruent triangle are always similar to each other.

Some Properties of Similar Triangle


(1)If two triangle are similar to each other then:
Ratio of sides= ratio of heights
= Ratio of medians
=Ratio of angle bisector
= Ratio of inradius
= Ratio of circumradius
(2)Ratio of area of two similar triangle = ratio of squares of corresponding sides
i.e. if triangle ABC is similar to traingle PQR then

(3) If a line drawn parallel to one side of the triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct
points , the other sides are divided in the same ratio.

and if D and E are the mid points of AB and AC and DE parallel to BC then
DE=BC/2
(4) Two triangle between the two parallel lines are parallel to each other.

Triangles and their properties


Area of triangle

1. When base and corresponding height is known: * base * height = *c*h


2. When all sides are given (Herons formulae): {s (s a) (s b) (s c)}1/2 where, s =
(a+b+c)/2
3. When two sides and corresponding angle is given.: a*c*sin
4. When all the median are given (Median is a line joining the vertex to the opposite side
at midpoint): 4/3 * {s(s m1) (s m2) (s m3)}1/2
Note: Where, s = (m1+m2+m3)/2, m1,m2,m3 are three medians of the Triangle.
5. When all the heights are given: 1/Area of = 4 {G (G 1/h1) (G 1/h2) (G 1/h3),
Note: Where, G = (1/h1 + 1/h2 + 1/h3)

Sine formulae of triangle


a/SinA = b/sinB = c/SinC = 2R Where, R is Circumradius
Cosine Formulae of triangle
CosA = b2 +c2 a2 / 2bc
CosB= a2 +c2 b2 / 2ac
CosC = b2 +a2 c2 / 2ba
An interesting result based of cosine formulae
If in a triangle CosA = b2 +c2 a2 / 2bc, Whereas b & c are the smaller sides then
Case I, b2 +c2 is greater than a2 then angle A is acute.
Case II, b2 +c2 is smaller than a2 then angle A is obtuse.
Case III, b2 +c2 is equals to a2 then angle A is Right Angle.
For example,
Ques: Find the type of the triangle ABC whose 3 sides are of length 11, 3 & 9.
Solution: Sum of square of two smaller sides is 32 + 92 = 9 + 81 = 90
Square of largest side is 112 = 121.
Hence, this triangle is obtuse angled triangle.
TRIANGLES AND ITS CERVICES
Medians of a Triangle

The medians of a triangle are line segments joining each vertex to the midpoint of the opposite
side. The medians always intersect in a single point, called the centroid.
In the adjoining figure D, E, & F are midpoints of the side of the triangle while Line Segment
AD, BE & CF are median. They are meeting at a common point I which is the centroid.
Properties:
1. Centroid divides the Median in the ratio 2:1. i.e AI/ID = 2/1
2. Apollonius Theoram:- To find the length of median when all sides are given: 4 * AD2 =
2(AC2 + AB2) BC2
3. All 3 median of a triangle divides the triangle in 6 equal parts.
i.e. ar of AFI = ar of AEI = ar of BFI = ar of BDI= ar of CDI= ar of CEI= ar of ABC/6
Angle Bisectors

Angle bisectors are the line segment which bisects the internal angles of the triangle. All the
three angle bisectors meet at a common point called as Incentre.
In the adjoining figure Line Segment A1T1, A2T2, & A3T3 are Angle Bisector. While point I is
Incentre of the triangle.
Incentre is the only point from which we can draw a circle inside the triangle which will touch all
the sides of the triangle at exactly one point & this circle has a special name known as Incircle.
And the radius of this circle is known as Inradius.
Properties:
1. Inradius = Area of A1A2A3 / Semi perimeter of A1A2A3
2. Angle formed at the incentre by any two angle bisector: Angle A1IA3 = Angle A1A2A3
/2) + 90o

Perpendicular Bisectors of Sides of the Triangle

When the perpendicular bisectors of the side of the triangle is drawn they meet at a common
point known as circumcentre.
This circumcentre is a special point as from this point we can draw a circle which will enclose
the triangle in a way that all the vertex of the triangle lie on the circle. The radius of this circle is
known as circumradius.
Properties:
In the adjoining figure DP, EP, & FP are perpendicular bisector of sides of the triangle. Point P is
circumcentre.
1. Circumradius = length of side AC * CB * BA / 4 * Area of triangle
2. Angle formed at the circumcentre by any two linesegment joining circumcentre to
the vertex: Angle APC = 2 * Angle ABC
Altitude of the Triangle

The orthocenter of a triangle is the point where the three altitudes meet. This point may be
inside, outside, or on the triangle.
In the adjoining figure AD, BE, & CF are three altitudes of a triangle. And point O is the
orthocenter.

Properties:
1. Angle BOC + Angle BAC = 180o

SIMILAR TRIANGLE

If two triangles are similar, then the corresponding sides we have, shows the following relation:

The ratio of sides of triangle is proportional to each other.

Like AB/DE = BC/EF = CA/FD


For example:
If AB = 6cm, BC = 10cm & DE = 2cm. Find EF
Solution: AB/DE = BC/EF, 6/2 = 10/EF, Therefore EF = 2*10/6 = 10/3

The height, angle bisector, inradius & circumradius are proportional to the sides of
triangle.

Median ABC / Median DEF = Height ABC/ Height DEF = AB/DE

The areas of the triangles are proportional to the square of the sides of the corresponding
triangle.

Area ABC/ Area DEF = (AB/DE) 2


For example:
If AB = 6cm, DE = 10cm & Area of ABC is 135 sqcm. Find Area of DEF.
Solution: Area ABC/ Area DEF = (AB/DE) 2

135/ Area DEF = (6/10)2 , Area DEF = 135*(5/3)2 = 375 sqcm.


In a right angled triangle, the triangles on each sides of the altitude drawn from the vertex of the
right angle to the hypotenuse are similar to each other and to the parent triangle.

ABC ABD

ABC CBD

DBC ABD

Proof: In ABC & ABD. Angle B and Angle D is 90o. & Angle A is common in both. Hence
by AA rule Both triangles are similar.

You might also like