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    Philosophy Chapter 6

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    Mohammad Ali Sultani
    This document contains notes on philosophy chapters 6 and 7. It discusses several theories of truth: the correspondence theory which holds that truth corresponds to facts, the coherence theory which says truth is consistency with other beliefs, and the pragmatic theory where truth is based on usefulness. It also discusses ethical theories like ethical relativism, where morality depends on culture, and consequentialism, where an action is judged based on its consequences. Non-consequentialist theories discussed are divine law theory and ethical egoism. The notes also cover justice, human rights, social contract theory, and civil disobedience.

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    Philosophy Chapter 6

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Ali Sultani
    95 views3 pages
    This document contains notes on philosophy chapters 6 and 7. It discusses several theories of truth: the correspondence theory which holds that truth corresponds to facts, the coherence theory which says truth is consistency with other beliefs, and the pragmatic theory where truth is based on usefulness. It also discusses ethical theories like ethical relativism, where morality depends on culture, and consequentialism, where an action is judged based on its consequences. Non-consequentialist theories discussed are divine law theory and ethical egoism. The notes also cover justice, human rights, social contract theory, and civil disobedience.

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    Philosophy Notes over Ch. 6 material

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    This document contains notes on philosophy chapters 6 and 7. It discusses several theories of truth: the correspondence theory which holds that truth corresponds to facts, the coherence theory which says truth is consistency with other beliefs, and the pragmatic theory where truth is based on usefulness. It also discusses ethical theories like ethical relativism, where morality depends on culture, and consequentialism, where an action is judged based on its consequences. Non-consequentialist theories discussed are divine law theory and ethical egoism. The notes also cover justice, human rights, social contract theory, and civil disobedience.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    95 views3 pages

    Philosophy Chapter 6

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Ali Sultani
    This document contains notes on philosophy chapters 6 and 7. It discusses several theories of truth: the correspondence theory which holds that truth corresponds to facts, the coherence theory which says truth is consistency with other beliefs, and the pragmatic theory where truth is based on usefulness. It also discusses ethical theories like ethical relativism, where morality depends on culture, and consequentialism, where an action is judged based on its consequences. Non-consequentialist theories discussed are divine law theory and ethical egoism. The notes also cover justice, human rights, social contract theory, and civil disobedience.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Philosophy Chapter 6 Notes

    r6.1

    Knowledge: justified true belief


    o gives reasons in support of

    6.2
    Correspondence Theory:
    o TRUTH is a correspondence between a proposition and a fact in
    the real external world
    o most popular
    o assumes existence of a real world
    o PROBLEM: it relies on the senses
    if the senses deceive us, we cannot be certain of the truth
    Coherence Theory:
    o a belief is true if it coheres with other beliefs that we respond as
    true
    o test of truth does not correspond between belief and fact but
    between belief and belief
    o PROBLEM: can not distinguish between consistent truth and
    consistent error
    o all C.T. measures are consistency not truth
    Pragmatic Theory of Truth:
    o a belief is true if it works and is useful
    o most accepted theory of truth
    o ex: accurate prediction
    o PROBLEM: centers truth on fallible judgments (error-prone
    judgments)
    7.1
    Ethics: study in Philosophy that studies morality
    o morality consists of standards that an individual or group has
    deemed right/wrong
    7.2
    ethics studies how ought to behave
    Moral Diversity: many moral codes from culture to culture
    Ethical Relativism: moral right/wrong depends on a persons culture
    o we can only use standards of our own culture to determine
    right/wrong
    o no absolute standard to judge right/wrong
    o cannot judge other cultures actions

    Philosophy Chapter 6 Notes


    Enculturation: the process by which an individual learns right +
    wrong from the culture
    o PROBLEM: if ethical relativism is correct then moral
    disagreements are impossible
    everything is relative
    critics of moral relativism say there must be underlying
    principles that are the same from to culture
    7.3
    Consequentialist Theories:
    o family of theories
    o measures the morality of an action by how good or bad the
    consequences are
    Instrumental Good: something not good in and of itself but good
    because what it brings us good because used to get intrinsically good
    Intrinsic Good: good in and of itself (peace, happiness, etc.)
    Non Consequentialist Theories:
    o Divine Law Theory: an action is good if it is the will of God
    Ethical Egoism: something is good if it promotes our self-interest
    (selfish)
    Hedonism: something is good if it brings you pleasure
    Utilitarianism: an action is good if its outcome is optimistic
    o producing the maximum good for the most people

    Natural Law Theory: an action is good if it is natural

    KANT - Categorical Imperative: universal moral standards


    o I ought never to act except in such a way that I can will that my
    action should become a universal law
    o 2nd Categorical Imperative: act so that you always treat
    people as ends in themselves, and never merely use them as a
    means.

    Philosophy Chapter 6 Notes

    8
    The Nature of Justice
    Human Rights
    What justifies the government?
    Social Contract Theory
    Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau
    Retributive Justice: punishments in return for crimes
    Distributive Justice: dividing the goods of society fairly among the
    members of society
    What do we do if the state acts unjustly?
    Civil Disobedience
    What duties does the state have toward other states?
    Ethics of War
    Right justified claim to something & imposes obligations, or duties, on
    others

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