"Bootiful" Applications with Spring Boot

Dave Syer - Stphane Nicoll

Pivotal
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Bootiful Applications with Spring Boot

Dave Syer, Stphane Nicoll

@david_syer @snicoll

[dsyer,snicoll]@pivotal.io

Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are 2013-2015Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensedunder a

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Spring IO platform
XD

BOOT
XD

Bootable, Minimal, Ops-Ready

INTEGRATION

DATA

GRAILS

BOOT

Stream, Taps, Jobs

Big,
Fast,
Flexible
Data

Channels, Adapters,
Filters, Transformers

Full-stack, Web

BATCH

BIG DATA

WEB

Jobs, Steps,
Readers, Writers

Ingestion, Export,
Orchestration, Hadoop

Controllers, REST,
WebSocket

RELATIONAL

CORE
FRAMEWORK
3

GRAILS

Web,
Integration,
Batch

SECURITY

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NON-RELATIONAL

GROOVY

REACTOR

@david_syer | @snicoll

https://spring.io - Boot in production > 18 months!

github.com/spring-io/sagan
4

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Spring Boot: Focus Attention

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Introduction to Spring Boot

! Single point of focus (as opposed to large collection of spring-* projects)
! A tool for getting started very quickly with Spring
! Common non-functional requirements for a "real" application
! Exposes a lot of useful features by default
! Gets out of the way quickly if you want to change defaults
! An opportunity for Spring to be opinionated

Spring Boot lets you pair-program with the Spring team.

Josh Long, @starbuxman

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@david_syer | @snicoll

_ Spring Boot is NOT

!
!
!
!

A prototyping tool
Only for embedded container apps
Sub-par Spring experience
For Spring beginners only

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Installation
! Requirements:
Java (>=1.6) + (for Java projects)
Maven 3.2+ or Gradle 1.12+
! Spring Tool Suite has some nice features for Java projects
! Download: https://start.spring.io/spring.zip
! Unzip the distro (approx. 10MB), and find bin/ directory
$ spring help
...

! (You can also install Spring Boot CLI with gvm, brew or MacPorts)
8

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Getting Started Really Quickly

@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
String home() {
'Hello world!'
}
}

$ spring run app.groovy

... application is running at http://localhost:8080
9

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@david_syer | @snicoll

What Just Happened?

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

10

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@david_syer | @snicoll

What Just Happened?

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@Grab("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-web-starter:1.2.1.RELEASE")
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

11

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What Just Happened?

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@Grab("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-web-starter:1.2.1.RELEASE")
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

12

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@david_syer | @snicoll

What Just Happened?

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
// other imports ...
@Grab("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-web-starter:1.2.1.RELEASE")
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@RestController
class Example {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Example.class, args);
}
}
13

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Getting Started in Java

! Create a skeleton project on https://start.spring.io
! Choose the web option and download the project
! Add a simple controller alongside the app
@RestController
public class HomeController {

@RequestMapping("/")
public String home() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}

14

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Starter POMs
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

! Standard Maven POMs

! Define dependencies that we recommend
! Parent optional
! Available for web, batch, integration, data, amqp, aop, jdbc, ...
! e.g. data-jpa = hibernate + spring-data-jpa + JSR 303
15

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SpringApplication
SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(MyApplication.class);
app.setShowBanner(false);
app.run(args);

! Gets a running Spring ApplicationContext

! Uses EmbeddedWebApplicationContext for web apps
! Can be a single line
SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args)

! Or customized via SpringApplicationBuilder

16

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@david_syer | @snicoll

SpringApplicationBuilder
! Flexible builder style with fluent API for building SpringApplication with
more complex requirements.
new SpringApplicationBuilder(ParentConfiguration.class)
.profiles("adminServer", "single")
.child(AdminServerApplication.class)
.run(args);

17

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@david_syer | @snicoll

@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class MyApplication {
}

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
}

! Attempts to auto-configure your application

! Backs off as you define your own beans
! Regular @Configuration classes
! Usually with @ConditionalOnClass and @ConditionalOnMissingBean
18

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Testing with Spring Test (and MVC)

! spring-boot-starter-test provides useful test dependencies
spring-test, Mockito, Hamcrest and JUnit
! @SpringApplicationConfiguration
Alternative to the standard spring-test @ContextConfiguration
Does not start the full context by default
! @WebIntegrationTest
Requires a web application context
Can add additional properties to the environment

19

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Packaging For Production

! Maven plugin (using spring-boot-starter-parent):
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
$ mvn package

! Gradle plugin:
apply plugin: 'spring-boot'

$ gradle build
20

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Packaging For Production

$ java -jar yourapp.jar

! Easy to understand structure

! No unpacking or start scripts required
! Typical REST app ~10Mb
! Cloud Foundry friendly (works & fast to upload)

21

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Not a Web Application?

! CommandLineRunner is a hook to run application-specific code after the
context is created
@Component
public class Startup implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}

22

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Environment and Profiles

! Every ApplicationContext has an Environment
! Spring Environment available since 3.1
! Abstraction for key/value pairs from multiple sources
! Used to manage @Profile switching
! Always available: System properties and OS ENV vars

23

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Command Line Arguments

! SpringApplication adds command line arguments to the Spring
Environment so you can inject them into beans:
@Value("${name}")
private String name;
$ java -jar yourapp.jar --name=BootDragon

! You can also configure many aspects of Spring Boot itself:

$ java -jar yourapp.jar --server.port=9000

24

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Externalizing Configuration to Properties

! Just put application.properties in one of the following locations:
A /config sub-directory of the current directory
The current directory
A classpath /config package
The root classpath
! Properties can be overridden
command line arg > file > classpath
locations higher in the list override lower items
server.port=9000
name=BootDragon
25

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Using YAML
! Just include snake-yaml.jar
Already available if youre using the starters
! Write an application.yml file
name: BootDragon
server:
port: 9000

26

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Binding Configuration To Beans

! MyProperties.java
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="mine")
public class MyProperties {
private Resource location;
private boolean skip = true;
// ... getters and setters
}

! application.properties
mine.location=classpath:mine.xml
mine.skip=false
27

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Data Binding to @ConfigurationProperties

! Spring DataBinder does type coercion and conversion where possible
! Custom ConversionService additionally discovered by bean name (same
as ApplicationContext)

! Ditto for validation

configurationPropertiesValidator bean if present
JSR303 if present
ignoreUnkownFields=true (default)
ignoreInvalidFields=false (default)

! Uses a RelaxedDataBinder which accepts common variants of property

names (e.g. CAPITALIZED, camelCased or with_underscores)
28

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Configuration Meta-data
! Annotation processor
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

! Generates a meta-data file while compiling your project

Javadoc on fields are translated to descriptions
Default values are detected (to some extend)
Additional meta-data can be provided for corner cases
META-INF/additional-spring-configuration-metadata.json
29

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Customizing Configuration Location

! Set
spring.config.name - default application, can be comma-separated list
spring.config.location - a Resource path
Ends with / to define a directory
Otherwise overrides name
$ java -jar app.jar --spring.config.name=production
$ java -jar app.jar --spring.config.location=classpath:/cfg/
$ java -jar app.jar --spring.config.location=classpath:/cfg.yml

30

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Spring Profiles
! Activate external configuration with a Spring profile
file name convention e.g. application-development.properties
or nested documents in YAML: server:
address: 192.168.1.100
--spring:
profiles: development
server:
address: 127.0.0.1
--spring:
profiles: production
server:
address: 192.168.1.120
31

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Spring Profiles
! Set the default spring profile(s) in external configuration
spring.profiles.active=default, postgresql

$ java -jar yourapp.jar spring.profiles.active=production

! Add some profile(s) to the active profiles rather than replacing them
spring.profiles.include=another

32

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Adding some Autoconfigured Behavior

! Extend the demo and see what we can get by just modifying the class path
Create a simple domain object
Expose the repository as a REST endpoint
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
</dependency>

33

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Logging
! Spring Boot provides default configuration files for 4 logging frameworks:
Logback, Log4j, Log4j2 and java.util.Logging

! Starters (and Samples) use Logback with colour output

! Default log level set to INFO
Debug output can be easily enabled using the --debug option

! Log to console by default

logging.file and logging.path to enable file logging

! Logging levels can be customised through configuration

logging.level.org.acme=TRACE
34

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Add static resources

! Easiest: use classpath:/static/**
! Many alternatives:
classpath:/public/**
classpath:/resources/**
classpath:/META-INF/resources/**

! Normal servlet context / (root of WAR file, see later)

i.e. src/main/webapp
static/**
public/**
set documentRoot in EmbeddedServletContextFactory
35

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Web template engines

! Spring Boot includes auto-configuration support for Thymeleaf, Groovy,
FreeMarker, Velocity and Mustache

! By default, templates will be picked up automatically from classpath:/

templates

! Common configuration, e.g. for Thymeleaf

spring.thymeleaf.prefix (location of templates)
spring.thymeleaf.cache (set to false to live reload templates)

Extend and override, just add beans:

thymeleafViewResolver
SpringTemplateEngine
36

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Error handling
! /error handles all errors in a sensible way
Registered as global error page in the servlet container
Add a view that resolve to error to customize the representation
! Default representation
Whitelabel error page for browser if none is found
Standardized JSON format for machine clients
! Customize or extend ErrorAttributes
! Create dedicated error pages via EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

37

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Adding some Autoconfigured Behavior

! Secure the web application
Application endpoints secured via security.basic.enabled=true (on by
default)

! See how you can ask Boot to back off

Configure a custom AuthenticationManager
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

38

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@david_syer | @snicoll

Currently Available Autoconfigured Behaviour

! Embedded servlet container (Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow)
! DataSource (Tomcat, Hikari, Commons DBCP)
! SQL and NoSQL stores: Spring Data JPA, MongoDB and Redis
! Messaging: JMS (HornetQ, ActiveMQ), AMQP (Rabbit)
! Thymeleaf, Groovy templates, Freemarker, Mustache and Velocity
! Batch processing - Spring Integration
! Cloud connectors
! Rest repositories
! Spring Security
39

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Currently Available Autoconfigured Behaviour

! Data grid: Spring Data Gemfire, Solr and Elasticsearch
! Websocket
! Web services
! Mobile & Social (Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn)
! Reactor for events and async processing
! Jersey
! JTA
! Email, CRaSH, AOP (AspectJ)
! Actuator features (Security, Audit, Metrics, Trace)
40

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@david_syer | @snicoll

The Actuator
! Adds common non-functional features to your application and exposes
endpoints to interact with them (REST, JMX)

Secure endpoints: /env, /metrics, /trace, /dump, /shutdown, /beans, /

autoconfig, /configprops, /mappings

/info
/health
Audit
If embedded in a web app or web service can use the same port or a different one
(management.port) and/or a different network interface (management.address)
and/or context path (management.context-path).

41

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Add a remote SSH server

! Add spring-boot-starter-remote-shell to class path
! Application exposed to SSH on port 2000 by default

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-remote-shell</artifactId>
</dependency>

42

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Building a WAR
We like launchable JARs, but you can still use WAR format if you prefer. Spring
Boot Tools take care of repackaging a WAR to make it executable. If you want a
WAR to be deployable (in a "normal" container), then you need to use
SpringBootServletInitializer instead of or as well as SpringApplication.
public class ServletInitializer
extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(
SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
return application.sources(MyApplication.class);
}
}
43

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Customizing the Servlet Container

! Some common features exposed with external configuration, e.g.
server.port (see ServerProperties bean)

Also container-specific properties, i.e. server.tomcat.*

! Add bean(s) of type EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

all instances get a callback to the container
! Add bean of type EmbeddedServletContainerFactory (replacing autoconfigured one)

44

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Customizing @EnableAutoConfiguration
! Disable specific feature
@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude={WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class})
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class})

! Write your own

Create your own @Configuration class
Add the FQN of your configuration class in META-INF/spring.factories
All entries from classpath merged and added to context

45

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Customizing the CLI

! Uses standard Java META-INF/services scanning
! CompilerAutoConfiguration: add dependencies and imports based on
matches in the code

! CommandFactory: add additional commands

! name and description
! usage help
! actual execution based on command line arguments

46

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Links
! Documentation: http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot
! Source: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot
! Blog: http://spring.io/blog
! Twitter: @SpringBoot, @david_syer, @snicoll
! Email: [email protected], [email protected]

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